The Kythnos Wind and Solar PV Power System towards a New Era

Transcription

1 The Kythnos Wind and Solar PV Power System towards a New Era John Chadjivassiliadis Chairman of IENE 1

2 Outline Wind Electricity: A Snapshot of the Future The Birth of the Wind Park of Kythnos The Wind Solar PV Hybrid Plant and the First Bi- Directional Inverter Discussion of the Results 2

3 Mykonos, the sunny island, summer holidays in Εxcellent wind regime and traditional windmills, first thought to exploit the high wind potential for power generation, substituting the oil on the island 3

4 The Lasithi Plateau on Crete Island in the 1960s with more than 12,000 windmills for ground water pumping and irrigation, a successful example of mass exploitation of wind energy worldwide 4

5 Wind Electricity PPC s policy in the mid-1970s: RES a potential area for development in power generation 10% on an annual basis the effective level of wind energy penetration into the existing networks, first statement worldwide in 1977 The challenge: How to achieve a higher penetration Instead of a simple connection of the wind turbines to the grid, rather the fully integrating them in the system 5

6 The Birth of the Wind Park of Kythnos I/II April 1979, The Greek-German Solar Week in Crete: Kythnos, the appropriate island system to successfully demonstrate higher levels of wind penetration A brainstorming week focusing on how to lead the way to large wind energy exploitation Main target: to achieve high wind energy penetration, close to 25%, securing a stable power supply system Conclusion: five wind turbines of 100 kw total capacity 6

7 Kythnos, the port Merichas 7

8 The beach Kolona 8

9 Chora of Kythnos, in the far end the site of the Wind Park of Kythnos 9

10 The Birth of the Wind Park of Kythnos II/II The Greek-German Consortium to realize the Kythnos project: PPC MAN/University of Kassel/SMA Wind Park of Kythnos named, expressing the vision for wind exploitation in Europe as a natural park in harmony with the environment Simulation study : penetration of 23.5% with a technical minimum of P min = 20 kw for the diesel power station Detailed specific measurements and tests for the dynamic characteristics of the very old diesel gen-sets to introduce in the control scheme The official operation of the first Wind Park of Europe commenced on 15 April

11 The inauguration of the Kythnos Wind Park of 5x20kW W/T on a windy day (1982) 11

12 The PV Plant of Kythnos 100kW with Storage Consortium PPC - Siemens AG and VARTA Batteries, an R&D project supported by the EC in 1980 First step the Architectural design Good perspectives and opportunity for a reliable wind and solar PV island power system The big challenge for PPC: combined operation of the four power units in an optimum and simple manner Stable and Flexible operation with time response of all components without additional equipment 12

13 The idea for a bidirectional inverter Main problem to bridge the two AC sources with the other two DC with high flexibility in both ways The idea of the development of a new inverter able to operate in four-quadrants, the bidirectional inverter After a thorough study, the proposal to Siemens AG for the development of this new inverter was accepted with enthusiastic comments Extended field tests the summer 1983 in various conditions to the first bidirectional inverter 13

14 The single-line diagram with main components of the PV Plant in Kythnos of 100kW 14

15 The photovoltaic plant in Kythnos, 100 kwp (1983) 15

16 The photovoltaic plant in Kythnos, 100 kwp (1983): View from the South 16

17 The Results of the Hybrid System The wind park of Kythnos set ambitious targets and marked the beginning of a new era in wind exploitation Large wind energy penetration, exceeding 25% on an annual basis, was considered technically and economically feasible The integration and the flexibility, as first demonstrated in Kythnos, came two decades later as a necessity Excellent results that surpassed the expectations were achieved by the bidirectional inverter However the system lacked sufficient protection in case of short circuit due to the old technologies in the grids Further R&D actions for advanced solutions in the grid, an idea for the future electricity networks at that time Almost zero bureaucracy in the implementation! 17

18 The Impact of the Hybrid System Kythnos, the largest and the most important hybrid system at that time, contributing to a number of Dissertation and Thesis and research on RES The plant had attracted a number of high level visitors promoting further research on RES Results of the Kythnos Plant presented in the V European PV Solar Energy Conference in October 1983 Two high level experts from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Ministry of Commerce /USA in Kythnos to learn the excellent protection against the atmospheric overvoltage for new standards Invitation by the State Research Committee of China for two lectures, by the IEE/UK for a lecture in London and by BMFT in a workshop in Freiburg regarding new R&D activities by the ISE in PV The Kythnos projects showed the way to the future for wind and solar power and sustainable development Bidirectional inverter: a Greek idea, realized by Siemens AG, with its first successful application in Kythnos and high potential for applications 18

19 Thank you for your Attention 19