Renewable Energies and Sustainable Development: the CEI Approach. Mykola Melenevsky

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1 Renewable Energies and Sustainable Development: the CEI Approach Mykola Melenevsky

2 The CEI Member Countries Region

3 The CEI operational activities represent: know-how transfer in a general sense dissemination of state-of-the-art expertise training workshops academic courses post-graduate research

4 CEI Co-operation Activities financed out of the CEI Cooperation Fund require applicants to provide at least 50% of the total project cost and they have a ceiling of small projects of limited duration, although in some cases CEI co-funding is demanded even for projects with a considerable budget

5 The CEI Cooperation Activities have been a success. Since the inception of the CEI Co-operation Fund in 2002, up to date more than 400 projects were co-financed by the CEI with a total amount of more than 4 million EUR. Quite a number of them were in the area of Energy and Sustainable Development.

6 The preference is given to applications coming from the nine non-eu CEI Member States or at least involving a large number of participants coming form these countries. Among the priority areas special attention will be given to the CEI Co-operation Activities involving Energy and Sustainable Development.

7 CEI Technical Co-operation Projects financed out of the CEI Trust Fund at EBRD main purpose of TCPs is to prepare bank lending by paying the costs of preparatory work (e.g. feasibility studies) needed as a basis for subsequent loans the partner in this process is the EBRD whose rules and procedures are applied to the use of the Trust Fund majority of the TCPs are of technical nature

8 CEI Know-how Exchange Programme launched as a response to the specific situation of the CEI with seven MS that have joined the EU recently (in 2004 and 2007) and have acquired the know-how in the accession process which is of particular relevance to the non-eu CEI MS a tailor-made instrument of bilateral cooperation which has been employed in a flexible and user-friendly manner during the last years the creation of this facility was much applauded by the CEI working structures, especially the High Level Meetings

9 Partnerships in EU Programmes handled within the CEI Secretariat for EU Projects of the CEI Executive Secretariat more and more important both in terms of the areas of cooperation and in terms of EU funding allocated to the CEI the CEI is involved as a partner in 10 EU-funded projects with a total value of more than 9 million EUR, of which the CEI s share amounts to around 1 million, of which about EUR came from the CEI funds

10 CEI University Network mainly targeted to young people and to persons who are not as yet holding a job However: it is not only targeted at post-graduate students but also permits the enrolment of persons already involved in professional careers it also supports advanced Ph.D. studies in select areas, usually reserved to persons already employed

11 CEI University Network based on the principle of mobility of students and teachers at academic level through teaching grants and scholarship awards since the start of its operations in 2004, the CEI UniNet has implemented activities involving more than 90 universities and institutions of higher education in 60 cities in the CEI Member States it has offered about 300 scholarship awards and 120 teaching grants amounting to a total CEI contribution of about half a million EUR Joint Programmes are the key element of the Network s functioning, which require cooperation of at least two universities from different CEI countries and, thus, constitute an important element of trans-national cooperation

12 The CEI works with these institutions in two ways: 1. it associates itself to a selected number of workshops and seminars paying the participation of scientist from its non-eu MS 2. the CEI offers a programme of Fellowships which allow researchers to use the facilities of the Trieste Centres for up to 10 months

13 CEI Science & Technology Network Moved into the phase of establishing a so-called Secondary Network by which we mean partner institutions of our Trieste Lead Institutions. The first institution associated to the Network was the Academy of Sciences of Belarus which concluded a partnership agreement with the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. A second step was made by the School for Advanced Studies with a University Consortium including the Universities of Bratislava, Budapest, Prague, Vienna and Zagreb.

14 Energy and Sustainable Development: the CEI approach A CEI focused attention to the Renewable Energies and to the Energy Efficiency A strict selection of the more promising development lines, aiming to assure the best use of both the CEI financial resources and, as well, the CEI Member Countries available expertise use / their priority needs accomplishment

15 Renewable Energies Development Renewable Energy Sources development in the perspective of a territory distributed energy production is a clear CEI priority. Here again a careful cost-to-benefit analysis should be considered, aiming to focus the limited CEI human and financial resources towards the more promising RE.

16 The Energy Efficiency Higher energy efficiency levels are required in many CEI Member Countries According to the expertise available in selected CEI Member Countries (Austria among them) the reduction of the energy needs for the civil buildings conditioning has been indicated as a clear CEI priority. Cosider that the Green Buildings R&D line is properly included in the CEI Feature Events related activities.

17 RE main selection criteria While as a general trend - all the RE sources deserve to be carefully considered, the CEI s efforts should be necessarly concentrated just on a very few of them. Clear selection criteria have been adopted with reference to: a) the maturity of the industrial tissue, with a specific attention to the non-eu CEI Member Countries belonging to the Western Balkans and East European sub-regions; b) with reference to the above recalled subregions,the territory related characterestics.

18 Biomasses based RE (1) CEI promotional activities are mainly focused on biomass as the more appealing RE source in the case of our non-eu Member Countries. The CEI approach, however, is strictly based on the extensive use of by-products obtained by agriculture (mainly) and wood/forestry (too) related activities. Thus no food/feed materials (seeds in particular) are considered for useful energy production. In particular biodiesel/biogasoline related strategies are NOT accepted.

19 Biomass based RE (2) Here again a major attention is given to the technological aspects. The actual industrial expertise suggests to select the direct combustion process for obtaining both thermal energy and electric-power. Other processes (biomass gasification / liquification,large-scale biogas production), even presenting a high potentiality, are not proposed as a first implementation step.

20 Biomass based RE (3) Having in mind that the wood-combustion based energy plants are already well proven, the CEI attention has been mainly focused on the combustion of the by-products obtained by the large-scale agro-productions (soya and wheat straws, corn and sunflower wastes,.). Co-generation of both thermal energy and electric power is considering, according to the requests of the different final users (process heat, district-heating, green electricity, )

21 Biomass based RE (4) A three steps implementation programme is proposed by the CEI, namely: a) The preparation of a comprehensive reference study of a medium sized power plant (BIOM- ADRIA) and of the related fuel-cycle; b) a first-of-a kind, 3-5 MWth demonstration plant (BIOM-ADRIA 2) construction and a parallel fuel cycle focused R&D programme implementation; c) the realisation and operation of a number of standardised plants for a territory distributed energy co-generation using this important domestic fuel. At that time a significant objective of a more general Sustainable Development Strategy will be properly achieved in this part of Europe.

22 Biomass based RE (6) As a conclusion, let me give a basic information about the CEI committment: 1. Technical co-ordination of the Italian-Serbian BIOM- ADRIA Project Group: RER (Project Leader), ASTER, Bologna University, Centuria RIT, CEI (CETA and Sonosan sub-contractors), Belgrade VINCA Institute, SEEA). Specific focus on the BIOM-ADRIA Project results diffusion within the CEI Member Countries. 2. Reference Institution for the BIOM-ADRIA 2 Project first implementation (CEI financial contribution expected) 3. Contribution to the BIOM-ADRIA 2 construction/r&d related phases and parallel efforts aiming to promote bi/multi lateral co-operation among the different CEI Member Countries according to the CEI priorities.

23 Wind, sun,biomasses related RE There is a clear evidence that wind energy appears to be more and more promising for electric power generation in Countries where three basic conditions are respected: - The presence of important wind fields in terms of significant and constant wind velocities, covering both inland and off-shore sites. - The possibility to count on the presence of a modern and well established electro-mechanical industry. - A highly efficient transmission/distribution electricpower network, thus favouring a proper wind energy exploitation, despite its limited full-operation time (2200h/year is a wind-mill typical reference value)

24 Wind energy: a few relevant data According to the GWEC data, wind energy market counted on 74 GB in 2006 and 117 GB are foreseen by the end of 2008, covering more than 1% of the world electric power demand. GWEC does expect 240 MW in 2012, with an electric power share of 3% on a worldwide basis. However an important point deserve to be underlined: actually three West European Countries (D, DK, SP), North America (USA, Canada), India and China cover about 95% of the total energy output (Italy around 2%). This trend seems to be confirmed in the next years.

25 Wind Energy: future perspectives Having in mind these data, it appears clear the interest for the Wind Enrgy showed by a few Countries, presenting a high technological development and territory-related specfic characteristics. We, in the CEI, do not recognise a higher priority for our Member Countries, thus our promotion effort should be focused in other directions

26 Solar Energy trends Direct contribution of solar energy to the energy supply should be regarded of a major importance in the medium-long term. However economical /technological barriers should still be overcome. Both solar photovoltaic and solar thermodynamic present a high potentiality as territory distributed RE sources

27 Solar photovoltaic perspectives (1) A significant penetration of this technology calls for important promotional measures, should a reasonable pay-back period of the required investments is expected Even counting on the more developped Sibased technology, about 7,000 /kwp are required (with about 8 m2 of solar cells).

28 Solar photovoltaic perspectives (2) On that basis an investment pay-back period in the order of 10 years calls for important public incentives. In Italy the so called Conto Energia offers a remboursment of about 0.40 EUR cents / kwhe, to be recognised for a 20 years period. Of course this situation cannot last for ever. As a consequence further technological developments are strictly necessary. In addition innovative approaches deserve to be properly studied and implemented. Thus your Workshop goes towards the good direction!

29 THANK YOU! CEI Executive Secretariat Via Genova Trieste Italy cei-es@cei-es.org Website: