He was a qualified bricklayer. the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953! He collected hats. Page A

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1 Did You Know? smoked his first cigar in Cuba in He loved singing but hated whistling. He was hit by a car in New York City in His favourite subject in school was History. He died exactly 90 years after his father. He almost drowned in Lake Lausanne, in Switzerland in He failed his entrance exams to Sandhurst twice but passed on his third attempt. He was the first honorary citizen of the USA. He took a nap every day and often worked from bed. He was a qualified bricklayer. He collected hats. He hated staples. And paperclips. He wrote and published lots of books. He even won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953! As a boy, he sold his father s autographs to earn pocket money. Copyright 2004, The Guy Fox History Project. Registered Charity # All rights reserved. Duplication permitted for educational use only. The Leadership Programme was developed in association with the Churchill Museum Learning Department. Page A WINSTON CHURCHILL Fact File Here s some information about. Developed by the Guy Fox History Project for the Churchill Leadership Programme in association with the Cabinet War Rooms Learning Department. Copyright 2004, The Guy Fox History Project. All rights reserved.

2 Who Was? was Prime Minister of Britain during World War II ( 1940 to 1945 ). He was a cantankerous politician, who took a stand, inspired hope among the people, and when confronted with the threat of devastation, led Britain to victory. was a man of contradictions: a guy with a lisp and a stammer who became one of history s best speakers. A man who had bouts of depression, yet inspired millions. A poor student who didn t attend university, but who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. A leader who d made plenty of mistakes, but in whom the people placed their faith and their lives. Many people say that was the greatest Briton ever. They say he was an extraordinary man in extraordinary times and perhaps this is true. But perhaps his greatness came about because he knew how to appeal to the greatness inside everyone. 30th November 1874 is born At Harrow School At Sandhurst Page B 9. It s Your country is at war, and you are a member of the Council of War. Your big idea is to send troops into Turkey to capture part of the country and force Turkey out of the War. If the plan succeeds, it will help win the war. You send troops in, and thousands of soldiers are killed. A military disaster. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? 10. It s You recognise the threat which Adolf Hitler poses to world peace, and you speak against Germany s growing military strength. Nobody wants to hear your speeches, but you believe that Britain needs to prepare for War. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? painted over 500 paintings in his life! MP for Woodford Prime Minister (Again!) 1965 Dies on 24th January 1952 Polio vaccine is created

3 7. It s As Home Secretary, you are responsible for law and order. Protests by Suffragettes (women campaigning for the right to vote) are disruptive. Although you personally support the right of women to vote, you know your party will lose seats in Parliament if they win their campaign. What would you do? Young Winston did poorly at Maths, Latin and Greek. He liked History and English, and did well in these subjects. His English teacher Robert Somervell helped him develop his writing and speaking skills. What qualities of leadership are required? 8. It s You become First Lord of the Admiralty (the Navy) at a time when Germany s navy is strong and Britain s navy is weak. You know that Britain needs to do something. You don t know where to begin. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? Prime Minister and Minister of Defence Leader of the Opposition 1945 World War II ends 1947 Polaroid Camera is invented Page C Why Do YOU Think We Need to Learn About? Young Winston did poorly at Maths, Latin and Greek. He liked History and English, and he did well in these subjects. His English teacher Robert Somervell helped him develop his writing and speaking skills Military service in India & the Sudan War Correspondent in South Africa 1900 MP for Oldham

4 1874 When Churchill Was Born... was a qualified bricklayer! He built lots of brick walls at his home, Chartwell. Queen Victoria was on the throne. Britain was an Empire. William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli dominated Parliament. There was no electricity. People traveled by train, and most took holidays in British seaside resorts like Blackpool. The big political question was if the Irish should rule themselves. Guns and horses were the weapons of war. People entertained themselves by reading, attending public lectures and going to music halls. 4. It s While serving in the military in South Africa, you are captured and taken Prisoner of War. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? 5. It s You are a Conservative Member of Parliament representing the town of Oldham. The Conservatives want a tariff on goods imported from outside the Empire, but a tariff will hurt your voters. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? 6. It s You are the President of the Board of Trade, responsible for commerce & industry. You want to tackle poverty and poor living conditions, to help hardworking people live better lives. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? was made a prisoner of war during the Boer War. He escaped, wrote a book about it and became famous Leaves the Conservative Party to join the Liberals 1903 Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies MP for Epping 1925 Rejoins Conservatives 1930's Wilderness Years First Lord of the Admiralty (Again!) 1901Queen Victoria dies 1903 Wright Brothers first flight 1939 World War II Begins Page D

5 Take A Walk in s Shoes Each of the following is a situation which encountered in his lifetime What would you do if it happened to you? 1. It s You don t enjoy school, particularly Maths and Latin. You want to go to Sandhurst Military Academy, but you fail the Entrance Exam twice. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? 2. It s You are a 2nd Lieutenant in the 4th Hussars, earning a salary equal to 7,500 per year. You will be traveling around the world with the British military. You need some way to supplement your income. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? 3. It s You re posted to India on a boring military assignment. You don t see much action, except on the polo field. You want to become a poltician, but your education won t get you very far. What would you do? What qualities of leadership are required? Secretary of State for the Colonies Out of Parliament Chancellor of the Exchequer 1927 BBC is founded Page E... When Churchill Died 1965 Queen Elizabeth II was on the throne. The Age of the British Empire had declined. Harold Wilson was Prime Minister. Most people travelled by bus, car or train and occasionally jet plane. The political issue was Rhodesia s illegal claim to independence. Atomic Bombs were the weapons of war. The Beatles were taking the world by storm with their unique type of Rock n Roll. People listened to the radio or watched television. took flying lessons, but he never learned how to fly MP for North-West Manchester 1908 Marries Clementine Hozier President of the Board of Trade 1909 Invention of Plastic

6 s Speeches I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this government: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat." wrote and delivered some of the best speeches in all of history. Let us... so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, "This was their finest hour." June 4th, 1940 We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans... we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender... June 4th, 1940 This is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never in nothing, great or small, large or petty never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. October 29, 1941 May 13th, 1940 You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival... May 13th, 1940 Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few. August 20th, 1940 God bless you all. This is your victory! It is the victory of the cause of freedom in every land. In all our long history we have never seen a greater day than this. Everyone, man or woman, has done their best. Everyone has tried. Neither the long years, nor the dangers, nor the fierce attacks of the enemy, have in any way weakened the independent resolve of the British nation. God bless you all. Victory in Europe Day, May 8, MP for Dundee Home Secretary First Lord of the Admiralty On active war service in France Minister of Munitions Secretary of State for War and Air 1912 The Titanic sinks World War I Page F