The Passive House Planning Package (PHPP)

Transcription

1 The Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) Could 25,000 Passivhauses be wrong? Jessica Grove-Smith, PHI Dylan Lamar, Architect, CPHC

2 A bit of context William Shurcliff, 1984

3 Three Principles Superinsulation Airtightness Heat-Recovery Ventilation And good details

4 Why is Superinsulation Better? For a Residence: ~77% reduction in Peak Heating Load (and System size) Cost-neutral (reduction in heating system pays for insulation/hrv) Interior temperatures more uniform Interior humidity more easily controlled Summer cooling much easier (Though decreased daylighting and views)

5 A shift of priorities

6 Still the building scientists kept at it

7 Meanwhile across the pond Microsoft Excel (1985)

8 Passivhaus is born Darmstadt, 1990 Superinsulation Airtightness Heat-Recovery Ventilation and Moderate Passive Solar Gain

9 The Passivhaus Standard Draws a line in the sand on Building Energy Demands: Heating Demand 4.75 kbtu/sf.yr Primary Energy Demand 38 kbtu/sf.yr Airtightness 0.6 ACH50 Derived based upon heating load that can be carried by ventilation supply air ( Tunneling through the cost barrier ). Direct use of solar energy included (solar hot water, but not PV). Generally makes net zero a cakewalk.

10 Source: Bruce Sullivan Net Zero Energy without the rigor of Passivhaus design

11 The right tool for the job Approachable, Excel-format Steady-state heat balance calculations Monthly climate data averages Appropriate peak design conditions Specifically for well-insulated, airtight buildings.

12 With the precision required for very low energy buildings Conventional Model: 1 Input PHPP: 4 Inputs U-frame U-window U-glass -spacer NFRC data based on standard window size -install Certified data based on real window dimensions

13 Presenter: Jessica Grove-Smith Passive House Insitute, Germany

14 Offices Network Darmstadt Since 1996 Innsbruck Since 2010 Research and development Quality assurance Building certification Component certification Expert training International Passive House Conference Since 2010 International Passive House network Passipedia Passive House promotion International Passive House Days Worldwide Affiliates PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

15 Passive House Institute PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

16 PHPP - Passive House Planning Package First release: 1998 Main focus: Heating demand cool-temperate climate, residential buildings Continuous development New features for new applications (e.g. non-residential, refurbishment projects, international climates, ) Active cooling since 2007 Validation to prove reliability Comparison with dynamic simulation models Numerous and extensive monitoring projects whole house approach Newest release: 2013, Version 8 Improved international application with added features (e.g. RES) PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

17 PHPP - Passive House Planning Package Output 1. Space heating + max. load 2. Overheating frequency OR Cooling + max. load & dehumdification 3. Total primary energy Whole house approach Instant results Simple optimisation of the components - Window quality - Insulation level - Technical equipment (heating, cooling, hot water ) incl. RES (PV, solar hot water ) PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

18 PHPP - Reliable results PHPP has prooven itself and been accepted to be one of the most precise planning tools in the world PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

19 Principle of the PHPP: A stationary energy balance Back to the basics of physics Gains = Losses Facade North Window Window Facade South Floor slab PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

20 Principle of the PHPP: A stationary energy balance Heat gains that cannot be used Nutzungsgrad Wärmegewinne [-] Utilisation factor of energy gains [-] Energy gains / losses Wärmegewinne [Verlust] heat gains interne & solare Gewinne davon nutzbar useful heat gains Gewinn-Verlust-Verhältnis [-] Energy gains / losses PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

21 Dynamic simulation VS. stationary energy balance? Operative Temperatur [ C] PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

22 Data entry Dynamic building simulation Complex prone to errors Time consuming Stationary energy balance Simpler PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

23 Data entry Dynamic building simulation Complex prone to errors Time consuming Stationary energy balance Simpler Calculation time Depends on model complexity Instantaneous PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

24 Data entry Dynamic building simulation Complex prone to errors Time consuming Stationary energy balance Simpler Calculation time Depends on model complexity Instantaneous Result analysis Requires good understanding of model and dynamics Key results clear Transparent calculations PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

25 Data entry Dynamic building simulation Complex prone to errors Time consuming Stationary energy balance Simpler Calculation time Depends on model complexity Instantaneous Result analysis Accuracy Requires good understanding of model and dynamics High resolution of expected temperature and humidity, including e.g. storage effects, interaction of different thermal zones, IHG & ventilation profiles Key results clear Transparent calculations Generally good - limited under certain conditions PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

26 Data entry Dynamic building simulation Complex prone to errors Time consuming Stationary energy balance Simpler Calculation time Depends on model complexity Instantaneous Result analysis Accuracy Requires good understanding of model and dynamics High resolution of expected temperature and humidity, including e.g. storage effects, interaction of different thermal zones, IHG & ventilation profiles Applicability Research purposes / scientific questions Modelling of buildings (whole or in parts) with strong dynamic effects Key results clear Transparent calculations Generally good - limited under certain conditions Planning tool for every day work PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

27 The aim of building calculations.. is to model the building with a reliable tool as accurately as possible suitable Specific space heating demand [kwh/(m²a)] -80% low-energy housing PHPP calculated values Passive Houses PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

28 Heating load calculations with the PHPP Which maximum performance has to be provided by the heating system? What is different in a Passive House? Mainly: High thermal inertia (time constant > 200h) Heating load calculation according to PHPP Difference to conventional approach: Heat gains (solar & internal) are taken into account. Definition of the heating load for Passive Houses according to the PHPP: Maximum daily mean power required to keep the internal temperature Method: Energy balance for two different design days, depending on the window size, the max. load occurs under different conditions a) cold and clear b) cloudy but moderate PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

29 Heating load of the first Passive House Supply air Extract air Thermal insulation with U-Values below 0.15 W/(m²K) Triple low-e glazing Supply air Extract air Supply air Outdoor air Exhaust air Supply air Extract air Supply air Filter daily mean specific heating load measured [W/m²] heating load 92/93 heating load 93/94 heating load 94/95 heating load 95/96 heating load 96/97 Air to air Heat exchanger Subsoil heat exchanger PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

30 Results of Monitoring 1992 to 1997 Daily Tagesmittelwert mean specific der heating spezifischen load Heizleistung measured (vier Wohnungen) [W/m²] W/m² passive use Solarenergienutzung of solar gains Max. heating load max. Heizlast berechnet heating Heizgerade load curve measured Meßwerte values 92/93 92/93 measured Meßwerte values 93/94 93/94 measured Meßwerte values 94/95 94/95 measured Meßwerte values 95/96 95/96 Meßwerte 96/97 measured values 96/97 vorgeschlagenes Verfahren: calculated: 7.8 W/m² rechnerisch 7,8 W/m² max. Heizlast aufgetreten: 7,4 W/m² measured value: 7.4 W/m² Tagesmittelwert Daily mean value of der outside Außenlufttemp. temperatures C [ C] Source: [PHI] PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

31 PHPP: Transmission heat load 2 climate data sets: 2 load calculations Max. heating load for the building Screenshot PHPP PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

32 PHPP Version 8(2013) active cooling Reviewed algorithms Dehumidification, 2nd cooling load calc., algorithms for summer ventilation, IHG summer Added features Bypass regulation Summer ventilation strategies User friendly data input For cooling devices Generally more consistent, less focus on heating PHPP output: 1) Useful energy demand for sensible and latent cooling 2) Primary energy demand for cooling (total) 3) Max. cooling and dehumidification loads PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

33 Useful energy DEMAND for cooling PHPP approach: independent calculation monthly balance of loads & losses Sensible cooling Dehumidification Thermal loads and losses: Transmission via construction Ventilation Internal heat gains Solar gains/loads Moisture loads and losses: Diffusion neglected Ventilation Internal humidity gains N/A Dynamics: Utiliation factor of the heat losses Dynamics: Neglected PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

34 Cooling Loads Example: Tropical, hot & humid climate Dynamic simulation results: 24h running mean PHPP results: Cooling load 5.9 W/m² Dehumidification load 4.0 W/m² Minimum SHR 50 % PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

35 Cooling Loads Example: Tropical, hot & humid climate PHPP results: Monthly energy demand Dynamic simulation results: 24h running mean of cooling load PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

36 Summary PHPP: A reliable planning & design tool Extensive validation with dynamic simulations Long-term experience Monitoring projects PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

37 Projects Products People Thank You! Jessica Grove-Smith PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

38 Copyright notice: Please note the following copyright notice: The present collection of slides was assembled for the participants of the seminar denoted below. This file or any printed copy of this file is for information purposes only and intended only for the personal use of the participants of this event. The transferral of this file to a third party or the right to publish it in any form is excluded. The contents are the intellectual property of the Passive House Institute. In particular, further use of individual contents (slides) is not permitted without the express permission of the Passive House Institute. Seminar details: Building Energy Simulation Forum on June 18th, 2014 Overview and Technical Review of Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) Energy Modeling Software PHPP: Passive House Planning Package Author: PHI

39 Passivhaus Development Abroad

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42 2010 Passivhaus Design Award Winner Bern, Switzerland

43 LifeCycle Tower, Austria (planned) Laminated timber-structure, Passivhaus

44 Passivhaus School Germany 2007

45 Passivhaus Kindergarten Denmark 2009

46 Passivhaus Developments in the US Passivhaus Kindergarten Denmark 2009

47 US Passivhaus Schools Biohaus Concordia Language School Bemidji, Minnesota Certified Passive House 2004

48 US Passivhaus Schools Charlottesville Waldorf School Library and Arts Building 4,700 sf Certified Passive House 2010 courtesy of John Semmelhack

49 Local Passivhaus Developments Corehaus Portland, Oregon Design-Build: Robert Hawthorne, AIA Passivhaus Consultation: Dylan Lamar Completed, Certified 2010

50 Karuna House Dundee, Oregon Architect: Holst Architecture Construction: Hammer & Hand Passivhaus Consultation: Green Hammer Completed & Certified: 2013

51 Mark O. Hatfield Building Passivhaus Phased Retrofit Phase I Completed 2012 The Orchards at Orenco 57-Unit Affordable Housing Passivhaus (precertified) Breaking Ground June 2014

52 Measured Performance? CAPACES Leadership Institute Woodburn, Oregon 2,600 sf Architect: Communitecture CPHC/Builder: Green Hammer Certified Passive House 2012 Second Passivhaus Educational Building in the US

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55 Modeled data unadjusted for weather or usage.

56 Cash-Darienzo Residence Portland, Oregon 1,600 sf Architect: Communitecture / Green Hammer CPHC/Builder: Green Hammer Certified Passive House 2012

57 Cash-Darienzo Residence

58 Modeled data unadjusted for weather or usage.

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60 Taccogna-Donnough Residence Dundee, Oregon 1,500 sf Design-Build: Green Hammer CPHC: Green Hammer Certified Passive House 2012

61 Modeled data unadjusted for weather or usage.

62 North Residence Olympia, Oregon 1,900 sf Design-Build: Artisans Group CPHC: Artisans Group Monitoring: WSU Extension Energy

63 Data: Luke Howard, WSU Extension Energy

64 Trekhaus Duplex Portland, Oregon 1,400 sf per unit (gross) Design-Build: PDX Living CPHC: Rob Hawthorne Monitoring: PSU, David Sailor

65 Total EUI: 8.0 kbtu/sf.yr (gross area) Modeled data unadjusted for weather or usage.

66 Coming Soon PHPP-IP v2.0

67 but that s not all Sketchup plug-in: designph

68 The Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) Could 25,000 Passivhauses be wrong? Jessica Grove-Smith, PHI Dylan Lamar, Architect, CPHC