Passive House Planning Package

Transcription

1 Passive House Planning Package...the essential Passive House design tool Tomás O Leary 2 Day course Passive House Design Intro 1

2 On your training CD, you ll find these PHPP files - Before we start, please open a the step 01 file PHPP Workshop 2

3 Course Overview - Day Introduction to Passive House and Recent Developments in Ireland Definition of Passive House and PHPP overview Basic construction physics Verification Sheet, Climate data, Areas worksheet Lunch Calculation of U-values Windows Shading intro Fun Quiz 3

4 Course Overview - Day Shading exercise Ventilation Checking Energy Balance Annual Heat Demand and Heat Load Domestic Hot Water and Solar Hot Water Lunch Electricity, Boiler and Primary Energy Super Quizz spot the mistakes 4

5 Passive House Introduction & Recent Developments in Ireland 5

6 Time Flies: First SEAI REIO See the Light Conference

7 Out of the Blue Passive House Completed

8 SEAI REIO - The International Passive House Conference The Irish Delegation largest non-german speaking group in the last two years

9 2008 1st SEAI s Passive House Guidelines Residential New Build Residential Retrofit Non-Domestic 2009 July 2010 The only suite of English language guidelines in the world To order your copy send an to renewables@reio.ie

10 Passive House Certification Available in Ireland

11 2009 Irish Passive House Association Initiated to be launched at next SEAI See the Light Conference (July 2010) PHPP Workshop Limerick 11

12 European Passive House Projects

13 Trans-European Passive House Training

14 European Passive House Projects

15 What is the Passive House standard A passive house building is one which a comfortable interior climate can be maintained without conventional heating or cooling systems (adamson 1987 and feist 1988). The building primarily heats and cools itself, hence passive... It s a 23 year old concept.

16 Passivhaus Passive House Passive House Passive House House School Passive House Passive House Apartments Factory Passive House Passive House Offices Church

17 From modest beginnings in 1992 First Passive House, Kranichstein, Germany Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Feist, Prof. Dr. Bott / Ridder / Westermeyer To exemplary 21st Century Commercial Projects Energon Offices - Architect Stefan Oehler

18 how does a passive house work it s a balancing act?

19 Passive House Schematic Composition fresh air exhaust air ventilation with heat recovery thermal insulation avoid thermal bridge effects air tight construction extract air filter supply air passive solar gain through windows

20 Passive House criteria Ventilation with 75 % heat recovery Electricity demand max Wh/m³ Heat protection: U 0.15 W/(m²K) Uw 0.8 W/(m²K) thermal bridge-free Outdoor air Extract air Airtightness: n /h E-A /09 Triple-glazing Ug 0.8 W/(m²K) g-value % Exhaust air Supply air Heating energy demand 15 kwh/(m²a) or Building heating load 10 W/m² Useful cooling demand 15 kwh/(m²a) Primary energy demand 120 kwh/(m²a) Building airtightness 0.6 /h Excess temperature frequency 10 % Background illustration: Grenz /Rasch&Partner Author: PHD

21 Passive House Standard there is no to achieve the official recipe passive house standard passive houses have to be modelled with the passive house planning package (PHPP)

22 PHPP DEAP

23 Why Use PHPP? 10,000+ completed projects Residential, commercial, new build, retrofit Tried, tested, verified Used globally Excellent design tool Continuously expanding

24 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, U-Valueallocation) U-List DHW+Distribution no Requirements yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Windows Annual Heat Demand (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Shading Ventilation (Goal n 50) Summer Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Heating Load (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

25 Inputs to PHPP Step 1 - Verification (Climate Data, Occupants) Step 2 - Calculate the U-values Step 3 - Input of the areas (all the walls with external dimensions) Step 4 - Input of the heat losses via the ground Step 5 - Sheet WinTyp and Windows. Be careful with the orientation Step 6 - Input of the shading Step 7 - Ventilation sheet Step 8 - Input of thermal bridges Step 9 & 10- Input summvent, summer and summer shading Step 11 Input DHW + Distribution, SolarDHW, Electricity, Boiler and PE Value 25

26 Introducing the Case Study Project (you can also work with your own project if you like) 26

27 27

28 External Footprint = 11.38m x 9.78m Ground floor treated floor area m² First floor treated floor area m² Total Treated Floor area m² 28

29 Heights of the walls: Ground floor 3.59m First floor 2.957m 29

30 Window Frame U-value: 1 W/(m²K) Glazing g-value: 0.51 or 51% Glazing U-value: 0.6 W/(m²K) Door U-value: 1.10 W/(m²K) SHADING OF GROUND FLOOR WINDOWS: O reveal=0.23 m D reveal=0.105 m O over=0.23 m D over=0.105 m SHADING OF FIRST FLOOR WINDOWS: O reveal=0.23 m D reveal=0.105 m O over=0.52 m D over=0.85 m 30

31 Window Frame U-value: 1 W/(m²K) Glazing g-value: 0.51 or 51% Glazing U-value: 0.6 W/(m²K) Door U-value: 1.10 W/(m²K) SHADING OF WINDOWS O reveal=0.23 m D reveal=0.105 m O over=0.23 m D over=0.105 m 31

32 Overview of PHPP cells Yellow boxes enter data / descriptors Red triangles hints for data entry Green boxes = key results Page of PHPP Handbook 32

33 PHPP Verification Sheet Insert images of building and project description Choose Building Type Insert planned number of occupants Set the interior temperature Measure the enclosed volume (external dimensions) 33

34 PHPP Climate Data Sheet Currently just two data sets for Ireland Dublin and Birr More datasets on the way... Heating load data for 2 weather conditions why? Gt = heating degree days (higher for Birr (colder) than Dublin) 34

35 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, U-Valueallocation) U-List DHW+Distribution no Requirements yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Windows Annual Heat Demand (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Shading Ventilation (Goal n 50) Summer Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Heating Load (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

36 It s time for some building physics! PHPP Workshop Limerick 36

37 U-Value: [ W/m²K] Definition:Heat quantity in J (Joule), which goes in 1 second, by 1 C different temperature, through 1m² wall, from one side to the other. Interior (i) +2 0 C Exterior (e) -1 0 C 37

38 U-Value: [ W/m²K] U-Value = 1 (Rsi + d / + Rse) Rsi = Interior surface thermal resistance d = thickness of construction element (in m) = thermal conductivity of construction element Rse = Exterior surface thermal resistance 38

39 Surface Thermal Resistance Where would you expect most resistance to transfer heat? Inside or outside? Internally, which direction would you expect least resistance to transfer heat? upwards, downwards or horizontal? Internally, which direction would you expect most resistance to transfer heat? upwards, downwards or horizontal? 39

40 Surface Thermal Resistance (m K/W) 2 Exterior exposed surfaces Picture in the background: The higher the number, the greater resistance to transfer [PHI-1998/12] heat Page 53 of PHPP Handbook 0.1 Upward - Roof Horizontal - Wall 0.13 Downward - Floor 0.17 E-A /09 Below ground 0.0 exterior surface

41 Thermal conductivity - Lambda value ( ) A number which expresses the heat transfer rate of a material Which of these is a better insulator: = W/(mK), or = W/(mK)? Hint - the lower the number, the less heat is transferred 41

42 Page 51 of PHPP Handbook Useful reference on Thermal conductivity 42

43 Calculating U-Values - manually 1 U-Value = (Rsi + d / + Rse) Example of a Solid Concrete wall: Rsi horizontal = 0.13 d = 0.150m, = 2.1 Rse horizontal = 0.04 Please calculate the U-value! 43

44 Calculating U-Values - manually 1 U-Value = ( / ) 1 U-Value = U-Value = W/m2K 44

45 Now let s add some external insulation... 45

46 U-value for components with several layers 1 U= Rsi +d1/ 1+ d2/ dn/ n+ Rse Please add 200mm of polystyrene to the above calculated concrete wall, = W/mK Reminder - Rsi horizontal = 0.13, Rse horizontal =

47 Calculating U-Values - manually 1 U-Value = ( / / ) 1 U-Value = U-Value = W/m2K 47

48 PHPP U-Values Sheet - Label each Assembly (eg. top ceiling ) - Insert interior and exterior thermal resistances (upward, horizontal, downward?) -Generally insert layers from inside to outside -If some layers are of mixed materials, insert % (eg. wood) 48

49 PHPP U-Values Sheet Put the same concrete wall with external insulation into PHPP Rsi horizontal = 0.13 Rse horizontal = mm of concrete with lambda value of mm of polystyrene insulation with lambda value of

50 Exercise Case Study House Please calculate the U-Values for walls, floor and ceiling 20 minutes 50

51 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, U-Valueallocation) U-List DHW+Distribution no Requirements yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Windows Annual Heat Demand (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Shading Ventilation (Goal n 50) Summer Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Heating Load (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

52 PHPP U-List sheet -Pre-designed assemblies can be selected from here -Otherwise, no input required 52

53 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) Windows Requirements U-List Annual Heat Demand (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Shading Ventilation (Goal n 50) DHW+Distribution no Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Heating Load (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

54 PHPP Areas Sheet 3 Sections Top = Summary (typically no input) Middle = Area Input Bottom Thermal Bridges Input 54

55 Middle of Areas Sheet Areas input -Insert Treated Floor Area ( carpeted area) -Insert exterior door (solid wooden doors) -Insert descriptor for all elements (walls, floor slab and roof) -Assign to Group Number at top of sheet -Insert dimensions subtract solid wooden doors (don t subtract windows) -Select Building Element Assembly (linked to U-List) 55

56 Bottom of Areas Sheet Input of Thermal Bridges We will revert to this input in Day 2 56

57 Measuring Treated Floor Area (TFA) Mistakes very common take care! Think of it as the carpeted area Rooms > 2m high are counted completely. If height is between 1m and 2m, take 50%. Rooms with <1m not counted. Area of stairs not counted, openings in the floor not counted (eg. galleries) Secondary rooms not regarded as living space reduced to 60% of floor space (eg. plant room) Chimneys, columns with height >1.5m and base area > 0.1m2 not counted Page 45/46 of PHPP Handbook 57

58 58

59 When dealing with the building fabric, always use external dimensions of thermal envelope 59

60 Exercise Case Study House Please complete the Areas sheet 30 minutes 60

61 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) Windows Requirements U-List Annual Heat Demand (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Shading Ventilation (Goal n 50) DHW+Distribution no Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Heating Load (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

62 Windows have come a long way from a low interest product... to the most important component of the Passive House 62

63 G value 63

64 Uw-Value for windows Ug* A glass +Uf* A frame + spacer*l glass edge + installation*l fitting edge Uw= A window U = U-value, A = area, L = length = linear thermal bridge [W/mK] 64

65 Extremely poor Einbau Extrem ungünstiger (normal) installation W/(mK) E= w, U inbau eff0,15 = W/(mK) 1,19 W/(mK) installation W/ (m²k) 65

66 Einbau Empfohlener Recommended installation E= w, U inbau effinstallation 0,005 = 0,78 W/(mK) W/(mK) W/(mK) W/ (m²k) 66

67 Passivhaus Dienstleistung GmbH Example of window on wood support Frame to be completely covered by insulation Fixed externally to blocks with brackets Tape for air-tightness Timber support below for weight Source: [PHD] 67

68 PHPP WinType Sheet -2 entry tasks in this sheet, glazing (top) and frames (bottom) -For glazing, enter g-value and Ug-Value -For frame type, enter Ug-Value, frame dimensions, and thermal bridge of spacer and installation detailing 68

69 Exercise Case Study House Please complete the WinType sheet (copy the Case Study House, or try your own specification) 20 minutes 69

70 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) Windows Requirements U-List Annual Heat Demand (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Shading Ventilation (Goal n 50) DHW+Distribution no Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Heating Load (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

71 PHPP Windows Sheet Page 65 of PHPP Handbook -One of the most time consuming sheets to enter in PHPP -Enter quantity and description of windows -Enter orientation (0 degrees = north, 90 = east, 180 = south and 270 = west) -Enter angle from the horizontal (90 degrees = vertical, 0 = horizontal) -Enter window rough openings (width and height) -Select where the windows are installed (linked to Areas sheet) -Select glazing, frame (linked to Wintype sheet) & Specify installation 71

72 Generally start from North and work clockwise (east, south, west) Each pane of glass is treated as a separate window 2 separate entries 72

73 If windows are the same design, same size and have same shading, they can be entered as a group PHPP Workshop Limerick 73

74 Deviation to northern orientation 0 degrees 90 degrees 270 degrees 180 degrees 74

75 What if your building is not perfectly south-facing? 337 degrees 247 degrees Source: F. Freundorfer 67 degrees 157 degrees Author: F. Freundorfer

76 Coding of Window installation: Directly connected to wall = Code 1 Directly connected to adjacent window = Code 0 (left, right, sill, head) 76

77 Window Entry into PHPP Please complete the Windows sheet 30 minutes 77

78 Opening door sash on the left, frame width = 0.120m Fixed window on the right, frame width = 0.080m

79

80

81 Door sash Fixed window

82 1 0 1 Door sash Fixed window

83 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) DHW+Distribution no Requirements U-List yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Windows Shading Ventilation (Goal n 50) Annual Heat Demand (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Heating Load (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

84 Fun Quiz! Have We Learned Anything Today? 84

85 1 2 3 A B C D 75 points 40 points 55 points Which surface heat transfer resistance is bigger, the interior or the exterior one? What is the G-value of a typical triple glazed window? Name three things that are not included in measurement of a treated floor area JOKER 50 points 90 points 25 points 50 points What is the meaning of the thermal conductivity? What is the thermal resistance of the below ground exterior surface? What s the max. Space Heat Demand for passive houses? What U-value would likely be required for a PH wall in Ireland what influences your choice? JOKER 120 points 90 points Where do you enter thermal bridges in PHPP? 100 points 20 seconds Sketch the most optimal method for fitting windows in masonry wall 50 points JOKER 150 points

86 1 2 3 A B C D 100 points 40 points 80 points What is the internal heat gains for offices? What would be a reasonable value for polystyrene insulation? What would you subtract from the area of a wall in the Areas Sheet? JOKER 100 points 100 points Name two thermal bridges measured in calculation of the UValues of windows? Sketch the installation annotation for four adjacent windows What is the difference in Gt between Dublin and Helsinki? What is the orientation in PHPP for south facing windows? 100 points JOKER 50 points 75 points 150 points When can you group windows for entry into PHPP? Discuss key differences between single and triple glazing? What is the global radiation to the south in Oslo? 150 points 75 points 50 points

87 You Have Worked Hard Today Thanks for Listening Enjoy

88 Source: [PHI] Solar gains: reduction factor * g-value * window area *global irradiation QS = r * g * A * G 0.50 * * m² * 385 kwh/(m²a) = 1,963? kwh/a E-A /09 Author: PHI / PHD

89 Passive House Planning Package...the essential Passive House design tool Day 2 PHPP Workshop 89

90 Day Introduction to Passive House and Recent Developments in Ireland Definition of Passive House and PHPP overview Basic construction physics Verification Sheet, Climate data, Areas worksheet Lunch Calculation of U-values Windows Shading intro Fun Quiz Day 2 1. Shading exercise 2. Ventilation 3. Checking Energy Balance 4. Annual Heat Demand and Heat Load 5. Domestic Hot Water and Solar Hot Water 6. Lunch 7. Electricity, Boiler and Primary Energy 8. Super Quizz spot the mistakes 90

91 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) DHW+Distribution no Requirements U-List yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Windows Shading Ventilation (Goal n 50) Annual Heat Demand (Annual and Monthly Method) Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Heating Load (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes District Heat PERequirements met? Requirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate 75% of input now already completed Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] no

92 EFH Vallentin; Biburg/Alling 2000 Don t forget the shading!! 92

93 PHPP Shading Sheet -Four sources of shading altogether -(a) Shading object, eg. nearby building -(b) Window reveal (sides of the window) -(c) Overhang (top reveal of the window, or balcony / roof overhang, whichever is greater) -(d) Additional shading (often not relevant) 93

94 4 shading entries 1. Object 2. Side reveal PHPP Workshop Limerick 3. Overhang, or top reveal 4. Other 94

95 Site layout plan is needed for input of shading data 95

96 Shading by neighbouring house hhori Height h H Horizontal shading First Floor window hhori Height Höhe h H shading edge (line of horizon) Ground Floor window Distance E-D /09 Graphic: PHD Author: PHD / FF dhori

97 2. Shading at side reveals Dreveal Distance from Glazing Edge to Reveal Oreveal Window Reveal Depth 97

98 3. Shading by overhang or top reveal If there is no overhang such as a roof or balcony, then the overhang is the top reveal Overhang Depth Distance from Upper Glazing Edge to Overhang 98

99 Overhang shading 2 possible scenarios dover dover = upper distance Oover oover = Upper reveals = lintel E-D /09 overhang legth Roof overhang or balcony Graphic: PHD Author: PHD / FF

100 Opening door sash on the left Fixed window on the right

101 Window (side) reveal shading where two elements combine Door Sash Fixed window If you specify separate 0reveal and dreveal for both the sash door and the fixed window, you are inputting a non-existing shade at the joint between both elements E-D /09 Graphic: PHD Author: PHD

102 Solution Insert real dimensions for both 0reveal and dreveal for just one of the elements, inserting zero (0.00) for the other

103 Exercise Case Study House Please complete the Shading sheet 30 minutes 103

104 OK, let s recap on inserting a double window scenario... Opening door sash on the left, frame width = 0.120m Fixed window on the right, frame width = 0.080m

105

106

107 Door sash Fixed window

108 1 0 1 Door sash Fixed window

109 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) DHW+Distribution no Requirements U-List yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Windows Shading (Goal n50) Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Annual Heat Demand Heating Load Ventilation (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

110 Input of the Ventilation Data 110

111 Floor plans: Ingenieurbüro Baumgärtner Source: [Kaufmann 2009] PHPP Workshop Limerick Author: PHI / PHD 111

112 Compact Unit highly efficient device for providing heat, hot water and ventilation with heat recovery

113 Metal ducting for supply and extract air

114 mechanical heat recovery ventilation 83% efficient delivering 0.4 ach and consuming 70W/h consumes 600 kwh/year but recovers 3,000 kwh/year

115 Ceiling vent supplying fresh air

116 Air flow rates accurately measured with a digital anemometer

117 Dimensioning the air flow rate for air quality Activities Dimensioning the air quantity according to air quality CO2production of human being litres / h max. allowed diff. CO2 asleep typical working required person-related fresh air flow [m³/h] classified according to EN for excellent air quality IDA for good air quality IDA for satisfactory air quality IDA moderate air quality Source: [PHI/Feist] IDA 4 Author: WF / PHI

118 Measured Air Quality In bedrooms Carbon dioxide levels in conventional house CO2 concentratio n Carbon dioxide levels in Out of the Blue Airtight House Peaks in graph represent night time

119 Clean filter Filter after 6 months

120 Low temperatures = low humidity: take care with air change rate <=0.3/h OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE 30 LIVING ROOM TEMPERATURE 60.0% LIVING ROOM RELATIVE HUMIDITY % 20 Degree Celsius 40.0% % % % Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec % 14-Dec-07

121 20% of the Total Losses are Ventilation Losses 121

122 PHPP Ventilation Sheet Insert Supply Air per person Specify number of extract points for different room types Keep an eye on Average Air Change Rate keep close to 0.3 Decide on Maximum Design Air Flow Rate Enter wind protection coefficients e and f (Ireland is windy!) Insert result of blower door test Insert Net Air Volume used for blower door test Choose heat recovery unit (if not certified by PHI, deduct 12% from efficiency stated on brochure) Specify length and insulation of ambient and exhaust ducting 122

123 Exercise Case Study House Please complete the Ventilation sheet 30 minutes 123

124 Thermal bridges entries in Areas Sheet Thermal Bridges reduce Transmission Heat Losses! 124

125 PHPP Summer Sheet Overheating defined at 25OC Frequency of overheating should be less than 10% (ideally should be O%) Influenced by thermal mass complete Specific Capacity cell Insert Air Change Rate by Window Ventilation (derived from SummVent sheet) Insert Mechanical Ventilation Summer (derived from Ventilation sheet) Choose between manual night ventilation or automatic mechanical ventilation 125

126 Heating degree hours Heating days [ C] 20 i= Heating border J J A S O N D J F M A M 126

127 Heating Degree Hours: Gt Coldness of climate Sum of the temperature difference between inside and outside Unit of measurement is kkh/a (kilo-kelvin hours per year) 60 kkh/a 108 kkh/a 18 kkh/a Helsinki Copenhagen 108 kkh/a Dublin Lisbon 60 kkh/a 18 kkh/a 83 kkh/a? 83 kkh/a 127

128 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) DHW+Distribution no Requirements U-List yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Windows Shading (Goal n50) Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Annual Heat Demand Heating Load Ventilation (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

129 Specific Space Heat Demand A passive house is a building with such a low heating load that it can be heated by the ventilation system. Criteria 1: energy used for specific space heat demand is 15 kwh/(m² a) 129

130 how does a passive house work it s a balancing act?

131 Specific Space Heat Demand - QH 1. Calculate heat losses Transmission Losses QT and Ventilation Losses QV 2. Calculate heat gains Solar Gains Qs and Internal Heat Gains QI 3. Difference = Specific Space Heat Demand QH = QT + QV - *(QS + QI) : utilization factor for heat gains, eg. 84% (You cannot use all the free heat gains) 131

132 Let s take a look at the Annual Heat Demand Sheet PHPP Workshop Limerick 132

133 Transmission heat losses: Area of thermal envelope * U-value * Temperature-correction factor * Heating degree hours Q T = A * U * f t * Gt 200 m² * W/(m²K) * 1.0 * 60.0 kkh/a = 1,800?kWh/a Calculate transmission losses for current Building Regulations for walls? Calculate transmission losses for Helsinki? E-A /09 Source: [PHI] Author: PHI / PHD

134 Transmission Heat Losses Q T = A * U * f T * GT or QT = (Ui * Ai * GTi + ( i * li * GTi) ft Temp. Factor (reduction factor) Also include thermal bridges GT Heating degree hours 134

135 Ventilation heat losses: = TFA * 2.5m Ventilated volume * Equiv. air change * Heat cap. of air * Heating degree hours QV = V * nequiv. * cp * Gt 428 m³ * h-1 * 0.33 Wh/(m³K) * 60.0 kkh/a = 1,042? kwh/a Calculate ventilation for house of 100m2 TFA in Lisbon E-A /09 Source: [PHI] Author: PHI / PHD

136 Ventilation Heat Losses QV = VV * n V * cp * GT 136

137 Solar gains: reduction factor * g-value * window area *global irradiation QS = r * g * A * G 0.32 * 0.51 * 11.83m² * 192 kwh/(m²a) = ?kWh/a Calculate solar gains for south facing single glazed windows? Calculate solar gains south facing for triple glazed windows? E-A /09 Source: [PHI] Author: PHI / PHD

138 Solar gains: QS = r * g * AF * G 138

139 Internal Heat Gains: Length heating period * spec. Internal Heat Gains * Treated Floor Area QI = theat * qi * ATFA kh/d * 205 d/a * 2.1 W/m² * m² = 1,768.8? kwh/a Calculate internal heat gains for 10,000m2 office building in Copenhagen? E-A /09 Source: [PHI] Author: PHI / PHD

140 Specific Space Heat Demand Transmission Losses QT and Ventilation Losses QV minus Solar Gains Qs and Internal Heat Gains QI QH = QT + QV - *(QS + QI) : utilization factor for heat gains, eg. 84% (You cannot use all the free heat gains) 140

141 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) DHW+Distribution no Requirements U-List yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Windows Shading (Goal n50) Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Annual Heat Demand Heating Load Ventilation (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

142 Heating load Passive House Criteria 4: Power used to heat the building is 10 W/m² (normally 100 W/m2!) Two critical days: (1) a very cold but sunny day (2) a moderately cold day but without much sun Why? 142

143 Heating Load - PH 1. Calculate heat losses in worst possible weather Transmission Losses PT and Ventilation Losses PV 2. Calculate heat gains in worst possible weather Solar Gains Ps and Internal Heat Gains PI 3. Difference = Heating Load in worst possible weather PH = PT + PV - (PS + PI) For worst possible weather condition! 143

144 Existing buildings Passive houses 144

145 Heating load cold but moderate but sunny day cloudy day Greater transmission heat losses in cold but sunny weather For this project 145

146 cold but sunny day moderate but cloudy day Greater ventilation heating load in cold but sunny weather for this project 146

147 Shouldn t this be 2.1 W/m2? No! planning for low internal heat gains PH: Heat load: Very cold but sunny day versus moderate day without sun which ever is the greatest 147

148 PHPP heating load the last line In this case the heat load can be delivered through the ventilation system Otherwise, radiant heat would be required, for example using radiators 148

149 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) DHW+Distribution no Requirements U-List yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Windows Shading (Goal n50) Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Annual Heat Demand Heating Load Ventilation (Annual and Monthly Method) (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? yes Passive House Certificate Cooling is generally not a concern with domestic projects in Ireland Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] no

150 PHPP DHW+Distribution Sheet 1. Space Heat Distribution Insert length of space heat distribution pipes (warm and cold region) Specify insulation of space heat distribution pipes Insert design flow temperature (55OC for rads, 35OCfor underfloor) Insert design system heat load (from heating load sheet) 2. DHW Distribution and Storage Insert length and insulation of pipes Consider Circulation Pipes and Individual Pipes Insert heat released from storage (secondary calculation) 150

151 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) DHW+Distribution no Requirements U-List yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Windows Shading (Goal n50) Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Annual Heat Demand Heating Load Ventilation (Annual and Monthly Method) (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? yes Passive House Certificate Cooling is generally not a concern with domestic projects in Ireland Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] no

152 SolarDHW for the example house 152

153 Schematic: PHPP 2007 PHPP-Building Start Verification PHPP-Mechanical Systems Climate Data Cooling U-Values Areas (TBE, UValueallocation) DHW+Distribution no Requirements U-List yes Solar-DHW met? Electricity Ground Summer Compact Aux Electricity SummVent Boiler PE Value WinType Windows Shading (Goal n50) Final protocol worksheet for ventilation systems (external) Annual Heat Demand Heating Load Ventilation (Annual and Monthly Method) Author: PHI / PHD Source: [PHI] (for Pas sive Houses only) Shading-S yes Requirements met? no District Heat PERequirements met? no yes Passive House Certificate

154 Boiler inputs for the example house 154

155 PE Value for the example house 155

156 We hope you enjoyed this course Please give us some feedback! 156