Introduction. In angiosperms these adaptations are divided into three organs 1. stems 2. roots 3. leaves

Transcription

1 Plant Anatomy

2 Objectives Identify and describe structure and function of each cell type and tissue type Describe organization of tissues and cells in each plant organ Relate function of an organ to structure Describe primary and secondary growth & ID location Relate primary and secondary to the growth habit Adaptation of land plants to the terrestrial environment (structure and function) Apply knowledge to produce in stores

3 Introduction Adaptations - functions evolved to confer fitness: absorption of underground water & nutrients support of aerial parts of the plant transport of materials through out the plant In angiosperms these adaptations are divided into three organs 1. stems 2. roots 3. leaves

4 Multicellular Organization Cells specialized for a particular function Tissues composed of cells for a specific function Organs composed of tissues for one or more specific function

5 Basic Types of Tissue Meristematic tissue undifferentiated tissue - actively divide by mitosis 3 tissue systems Dermal Vascular Ground

6 Meristematic Tissue Primary meristem located in buds and tips of the shoot and root tips provide the primary tissue along the plant axis Cork cambium lateral meristem produce secondary growth Vascular cambium lateral meristem located between the xylem and phloem secondary growth that provides girth Pericycle outside the vascular cylinder in the root produce lateral branch roots

7 Meristematic Tissue & Cell Types Primary Growth length produced by apical meristems herbaceous plants usually the entire plant woody plants usually just the youngest tissue Secondary Growth produces the thickness vascular cambium

8 Dermal Tissue & Cell Types Epidermis - Guard cells Root hairs Tricomes Cuticle not tissue or cells but a waxy layer chomes.jpg mages/arabidopsissem/sourc e/arabidopsis_m1_tricome.ht ml

9 Vascular Tissue & Cell Types Xylem tracheids & vessel elements function primary water conducting cells Phloem sieve-tube members and companion cells function transports the products of photosynthesis

10 Ground Tissue & Cell Types (most common) Parenchyma most common characterized by thin walls with large vacuoles function in photosynthesis, support storage, lateral transport Collenchyma near surface of stem, leaf petioles, veins characterized uneven thick cell walls function flexible support to young plant organs Schlerenchyma characterized by thick cell walls that may contain lignin function is to strengthen and support mature plant structures

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12 Organs Introduction Structural organization of basic tissues are directly related to their different function leaves tissues are made of cells specialized in light absorption, gas exchange and transport root promote absorption stem transport & structural support

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14 monocot dicot

15 Roots Introduction Structural organization of basic tissues are directly related to their different function leaves tissue is made of cells specialized in light absorption and gas exchange root promote absorption stem transport & structural support

16 Roots have tissue layers Root hairs few cells thick to promote absorption dicot monocot

17 Stems Introduction Structural organization of basic tissues are directly related to their different function leaves tissue is made of cells specialized in light absorption and gas exchange root promote absorption stem transport & structural support

18 Stems Introduction monocot dicot

19 Tissues Development periderm bark

20 Summary Adaptations why, how, what Structural organization cells tissues organs Identify types Vocabulary

21 Lab Exercises Exercise 1 Draw and label Bean plant answer questions Exercise 2 Label and draw apical meristem features Exercise 3 Study A: Hand sectioning stem answer questions draw and label stem cross section and vascular bundles Exercise 3 - Study C: Roots draw and label 2 different root systems answer questions identify structures Exercise 3 - Study D: Leaves draw and label features/structures stomatal density exercise Exercise 4 secondary growth cell structure identification Exercise 5 Plant organ modification identification Exercise 6 Plant hormone experiment setup for next week

22 Next Week Plant Growth