Lesson 2. present continuous (present progressive)

Transcription

1 Lesson 2 present continuous (present progressive)

2 1. What s the structure of the present continuous? 2. When do we use the present continuous?

3 What s the structure of the present continuous? to be + ing form = present continuous

4 Examples of the ing form working speaking talking sleeping having smoking writing seeing shopping running beginning opening travelling dying studying picnicking

5 The ing form The -ing form is formed by adding ingto the base form of the verb. e.g. work working speak speaking talk - talking Spelling variations verbs which end in silent -e,eliminate the final -e before adding ing. to have having to smoke smoking Instead, verbs which end in -ee add directly -ing. to see seeing to agree agreeing

6 monosyllable verbs which end in consonant, vowel, consonant, double the final consonant before adding ing. to run running ning to stop stopping ping verbs which have two syllables and which end in, consonant, vowel, consonant, double the final consonant if the last syllable is stressed. to prefer preferring to begin beginning But if the last syllable is not stressed, add directly ing. to visit visiting ing *NB: In British English, verbs which end in consonant, vowel, l, double this consonant before adding ing. to travel travelling ling to cancel cancelling ling Never double y and w. to say - saying

7 verbs which end in ie, change ie to y before adding ing. to die dying to lie lying verbs which end in y,add directly ing. to study studying to carry carrying verbs which end in -ic add -k before adding ing. to panic panicking to mimic mimicking

8 Affirmative Form I m speaking you re speaking he s speaking she s speaking it s speaking we re speaking you re speaking they re speaking

9 Negative Form I m not speaking you re not speaking he isn t speaking she isn t speaking it isn t speaking we aren t speaking you aren t speaking they aren t speaking

10 Interrogative Form am I speaking? are you speaking? is he speaking? is she speaking? is it speaking? are we speaking? are you speaking? are they speaking?

11 Short answers Which is correct? Are you listening to me? a)yes I m b)yes I am.

12 When do we use the present continuous? The present progressive is used for expressing: actions or situations which are happening at the time of speaking What are we doing? We re studying English. (action happening at the time of speaking) actions or situations which are happening around the time of speaking (that is to say, an action which has begun but is not finished but is not necessarily happening in that precise moment) I m reading a book by the Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho. (action which has begun but is not finished but is not necessarily happening in that precise moment.)

13 actions which happen in a limited period, temporary actions (often with adverbs or adverbial phrases, for example: today, at the moment, this season, this month etc.) I have two American friends. They like travelling. They are travelling around Italy at the moment. Tom works for a bank in Rome. But this month he s working in a bank in Milan.

14 Is it possible to use the present continuous for all verbs?

15 State verbs: In English there are verbs that are not normally used in the Continuous Tense. They are called state verbs(stative verbsor non-progressive verbs). For example the continuous form is not used with verbs which express: emotions, sentiments etc: for example dislike(dispiacere) hope (sperare) love(amare) want(volere) hate (odiare) like (piacere) prefer(preferire) wish(desiderare) (dis)agree((non) essere d accordo

16 opinions or mental states:for example believe(credere) remember(ricordarsi) forget (dimenticare) know(sapere / conoscere) realize( rendersi conto) think( pensare / credere) understand(capire) forgive(perdonare)

17

18 Verbs that can be used in the Continuous Tense are called actionverbs(dynamic verbs). Some verbs can be both state and action verbs depending on their meaning. I think you made a mistake. think = believe I am thinking about my mum now. think = mental process I have two cars. have = possess, own I am having my lunch now. have = eat I am seeing my friend tomorrow evening. see = meeting with I see what you mean. See = understand