5. River Basins of Rajasthan

Transcription

1 5. River Basins of Rajasthan 5.1 Introduction In current study basin, sub-basin and micro-watershed boundaries have been delineated for the entire State using SRTM DEM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission, 90 m resolution data). Historically watersheds were delineated manually. This process is labour intensive, slow, tedious, inconsistent and error-prone. DEMbased techniques can efficiently form the basis of a geographic information system designed to address watershed based analysis. Applications to benefit from these techniques include evaporation modelling, tracing drainage paths and hydrologic simulation modelling. As described above, the physiography of Rajasthan is basically accentuated by the Aravalli range which forms its water divide backbone, giving rise to originating a number of rivers. In addition, there are rivers that originate outside the State that Rajasthan shares as they flow through it. Accordingly, 15 defined river basins and remaining area of Rajasthan has been defined as Outside Basin (designated as basin No.16) have been delineated, which differ in their sizes and potentialities. The river basins of Rajasthan, listed in Table 5.1 and shown in Figure 5.1 are further described in following paragraphs. Table 5.1: Basins and Sub-basins of Rajasthan State S. No. River Basin Number of Sub-basins Number of Microwatersheds 1 Shekhawati Ruparail Banganga Gambhir Parbati Sabi Banas Chambal Mahi Sabarmati Luni Remarks Originates from Sikar, Jaipur and Ajmer district in Rajasthan, partly drains to northeast (Haryana State), partly southwest to Sambhar Lake Originates from Alwar district in Rajasthan, drains towards Yamuna River Originates from Jaipur district in Rajasthan, drains towards Yamuna River Originates from Karauli district in Rajasthan, drains to Yamuna River Originates from Karauli district in Rajasthan, drains to Gambhir River Originates from Sikar and Jaipur district in Rajasthan, drains to northeast (Haryana State) Originates from Rajsamand district in Rajasthan, drains to Chambal River Originates in Madhya Pradesh, flows through south-east Rajasthan and drains to Yamuna River Flows through southern part of Rajasthan, but originates in Madhya Pradesh and continues to adjacent state (Gujarat) Originates from Udaipur district in Rajasthan, drains to southwest (Gujarat State) Originates from Nagaur district in Rajasthan, drains to Rann of Kuchh (Gujarat State) Chapter 5 Page 1

2 S. No. River Basin Number of Sub-basins Number of Microwatersheds 12 West Banas Sukli Other Nallahs of Jalore Ghaggar Outside Basin 7 72 Total Remarks Originates from Sirohi district in Rajasthan, drains to southwest (Gujarat State) Originates from Sirohi district in Rajasthan, drains to southwest (Gujarat State) Several streams originating from Jalore and Sirohi district in Rajasthan, some draining to southwest (Gujarat State) Originates in Himachal Pradesh, flows through Haryana and Punjab and enters north Rajasthan in Hanumangarh district and drains through Ganganagar district to Pakistan Western Rajasthan Thar Desert (not actually a river basin) Chapter 5 Page 2

3 Figure 5.1: Rajasthan River Basins Chapter 5 Page 3

4 5.2 Shekhawati Basin Shekhawati Basin is located in the north eastern part of the State, occupying an area of 9, km 2 in Rajasthan. This basin is drained by a number of Rivers and their smaller-order tributaries, such as the Kantli, Dohan and Krishnawati Rivers. The basin drains in two directions: (1) drainage originating from the dome-shaped hump, constituting the water divide between the north and north-east flowing Kantli, Dohan and Krishnawati Rivers, and (2) the south-flowing Mendha River and its tributaries draining to Sambhar Lake. There are 3 Sub-basins in Shekhawati Basin namely Dohan, Kantli and Mendha, draining areas of 1, km 2, 1, km 2 and 6, km 2, respectively within Rajasthan. While Dohan has some portion of modelled area outside Rajasthan, Kantli and Mendha Sub-basins are entirely within Rajasthan. More details are given in Volume 2a and Volume 3a of Final Report No Kantli River originates in the hills south and south-west of Guhala (27 44'00":75 32'00"), flows north and finally disappears in the sand dunes near Naurangpura village (28 22'30":75 27'30") after flowing for a distance of about 134 kms. In the north-eastern part of the basin, Dohan River descends near Mandoli (27 46'30":75 48'00") from the western slopes of the Dohan Protected Forest (PF) hills and flows towards north-east. The Krishnawati River, another independent River, flows north-east for about 42 kms in Rajasthan and subsequently disappears in Haryana. The drainage pattern is essentially dendritic. Mendha Sub-basin has a number of lakes, some of which may only be modified (albeit large) ponds. The most prominent of these is Sambhar Lake, occupying an area of about 233 km 2 and having a depth of about 1.2 m at the deepest point. It serves as a confluence for the centripetal drainage originating from the surrounding areas. During the post monsoon period, the lake level recedes due to evaporation during the summer season. Continued evaporation in the geological past has increased the salinity of the lake water. Two small lakes exist in Nagaur District, south of Kuchaman (27 08'45":74 50'45"). All the lakes in the basin receiving centripetal drainage contain saline water due to prolonged evaporation. There are 25 micro-watersheds delineated in Shekhawati Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Table 5.2: Area Details of Shekhawati Basin Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km 2 Shekhawati Dohan Chapter 5 Page 4

5 Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km Sub-Total Kantli Sub-Total Mendha Sub-Total Total Shekhawati Basin falls in seven Districts of Rajasthan namely: Ajmer (10.15%) Alwar (5.53%), Churu (0.11%), Jaipur (20.48%), Jhunjhunu (18.19%), Nagaur (14.97%) and Sikar (30.57%). Maximum area of Shekhawati Basin is covered by Sikar District followed by Jaipur District. Weather statistics for Shekhawati Basin have been analysed and presented in Table 5.3 based on the 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for rainfall analysis which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ). The statistical values presented in Table 5.3 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Table 5.3: Weather Parameter Statistics for Shekhawati Basin Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/yr Wind Speed, km/hr Chapter 5 Page 5

6 Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation, cm Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ); Rainfall statistics based on IMD, RD and WRD dataset ( ) Mean Annual Rainfall in Shekhawati Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 2.83 C. Shekhawati Basin has 1 Medium and 79 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of 8.32 Mm 3 and Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 2,428 WHSs in basin is Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix Ruparail Basin Ruparail Basin is located in the north-eastern part of the State and covers an area of about 4,034 km 2 in Rajasthan, mainly in Alwar and Bharatpur Districts. Ruparail River, also known as Barah, descends in the Udainath hills of Thanagazi Reserved Forest (RF) in Alwar District. In the upper reaches, it traverses through the hills and then through plains, nearly up to Kusalpur (27 25':76 32''). The river has a total length of about 104 kms. The basin contains several drainage systems that may be generally grouped in the following major systems: A Northern Group that comprises an eastern sub-system which starts in a southerly direction along the upper eastern valley and a western sub-system that descends in a northern group of Udainath hills and flows in a southeasterly direction. Both sub-systems veer in a nearly U-turn to move in a northeastern direction ultimately entering the Haryana State. A southern fan of drains descending in a southern part of Udainath hills, which form the Ruparail River, that flows generally in an easterly direction and eventually disappearing in the Alluvial plains up to the State s boundary with Uttar Pradesh. A number of smaller order tributaries, namely, the Narainpur, Golari, Sukri, Shanganga and Nalakroti, also originate from the Udainath hills of Alwar District. More details are given in Volume 2a and Volume 3a of Final Report No There are 14 micro-watersheds delineated in Ruparail Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Chapter 5 Page 6

7 Basin Table 5.4: Area Details of Ruparail Basin Subbasin Micro-watershed Code Area, km 2 Ruparail Ruparail Total 4, Ruparail Basin falls in two Districts of Rajasthan namely: Alwar (67.07%) and Bharatpur (32.93%). Weather statistics for Ruparail Basin have been analysed and presented in Table 5.5 based on the 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for rainfall analysis which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ). The statistical values presented in Table 5.5 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Table 5.5: Weather Parameter Statistics for Ruparail Basin Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/Year Wind Speed, Km/hr Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation, cm Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ) ; Rainfall statistics based on IMD,RD and WRD dataset ( ) Chapter 5 Page 7

8 Mean Annual Rainfall in Ruparail Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of C while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 3.02 C. Ruparail Basin has 1 Major (diversion), 1 Medium and 64 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of Mm 3, Mm 3 and Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 1,559 WHSs in basin is Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix 4. In addition to this, Ruparail basin gets imported surface water (Yamuna River share) through Gurgaon Canal, details of which are given in Chapter Banganga Basin Banganga River originates in the Aravali hills, near Arnasar and Bairath in Jaipur District, and lies between latitudes 26 40' and 27 37' and longitudes 75 49' and 77 39' having a catchment area of 8,583 km 2 in Rajasthan. It flows towards the south up to the village of Ghat, then towards east through partly hilly and partly plain terrain. The total length of the river is 240 kms. The main tributaries are Gumti Nalla and Suri River, joining it on its right bank, and Sanwan and Palasan Rivers, on its left bank. A hilly terrain extends on both sides of the river in the upstream portion of the basin. Weathered basement outcrops are found between the hilly terrain and the Alluvial areas. Alluvial terrain, mainly in the lower part of the basin includes features like meandering scars and abandoned channel courses. The geological sequence consists of Limestone, Quartzites, Phyllites & Schist, Alluvial and windblown Sands, Silt, Clay, etc. A major portion of the basin is covered by Alluvial deposits with isolated and scattered hillocks. More details are given in Volume 2a and Volume 3a of Final Report No There are 32 micro-watersheds delineated in Banganga Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Table 5.6: Area Details of Banganga Basin Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km 2 Banganga Banganga Chapter 5 Page 8

9 Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km Total 8, Banganga Basin falls in seven Districts of Rajasthan namely: Alwar (27.20%), Bharatpur (29.48%), Dausa (24.99%), Jaipur (15.41%), Karauli (2.85%), Sawai Madhopur (0.06%) and Sikar (0.01%). Maximum area of Banganga Basin is covered by Bharatpur District followed by Alwar District. Weather statistics for Banganga Basin have been analysed based on the 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for rainfall analysis which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ), which is presented in Table 5.7. The statistical values presented in Table 5.7 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Table 5.7: Weather Parameters Statistics of Banganga Basin Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/yr Wind Speed, km/hr Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ); Rainfall Statistics based on IMD, RD and WRD dataset ( ) Chapter 5 Page 9

10 Mean Annual Rainfall in Banganga Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 3.46 C. Banganga basin has 1 Major, 5 Medium and 196 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of Mm 3, Mm 3 and Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 4,039 WHSs in basin is Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix 4. In addition to this, Banganga basin gets imported surface water (Yamuna River share) through Gurgaon Canal and Bharatpur Feeder, details of which are given in Chapter Gambhir Basin Gambhir River originates in the hills near Karauli town in Karauli District and follows a northerly course up to Lapavati, where it takes an easterly turn. Near the village Pali it enters Bharatpur District. Gambhir River is ephemeral. Gambhir Basin is located in the eastern part of Rajasthan State and covers an area of 4, km 2 within Rajasthan. It is surrounded in the north by Banganga Basin, in south by Parbati Basin and in the west by Banas Basin. More details are given in Volume 2a and Volume 3a of Final Report No There are 16 micro-watersheds delineated in Gambhir Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Table 5.8: Area Details of Gambhir Basin Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km 2 Gambhir Gambhir Total 4, Gambhir Basin falls in five Districts of Rajasthan namely: Bharatpur (25.95%), Dausa (2.17%), Dhaulpur (15.40%), Karauli (51.61%) and Sawai Madhopur (4.87%). Maximum area of Gambhir Basin is covered by Karauli District followed by Bharatpur District. Chapter 5 Page 10

11 Weather statistics for Gambhir Basin have been analysed based on the 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for rainfall analysis which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ), which is presented in Table 5.9. The statistical values presented in Table 5.9 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Table 5.9: Weather Parameter Statistics for Gambhir Basin Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/yr Wind Speed, km/hr Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation, cm Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ); Rainfall statistics based on IMD,RD and WRD dataset ( ) Mean Annual Rainfall in Gambhir Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 3.74 C. Gambhir Basin has 3 Medium and 113 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of Mm 3 and Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 1,913 WHSs in basin is Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix Parbati Basin Parbati River originates in the hills near Rampur-Langra ranges of Karauli District. It flows in a southwest-northeast direction and joins River Parbati near Kharaghar village in the Dhaulpur District. It lies between 26 22' and 26 55' North latitude and 77 09' and 78 16' East longitude. Parbati Basin is located on the eastern edge of the Rajasthan State. It occupies an area of 1, km 2 and covers major part of Dhaulpur District and parts of Karauli and Bharatpur Districts. It lies between Gambhir Basin in the north and Chambal basin in the south. The eastern periphery of the basin forms the State boundary with State of Uttar Pradesh. More details are given in Volume 2a and Volume 3a of Final Report No Chapter 5 Page 11

12 There are 20 micro-watersheds delineated in Parbati Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Table 5.10: Area Details of Parbati Basin Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km 2 Parbati Parbati Total 1, Parbati Basin falls in three Districts of Rajasthan namely: Bharatpur (0.38%), Dhaulpur (78.94%) and Karauli (20.68%). Weather statistics for Parbati Basin have been analysed based on 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for rainfall analysis which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ) and are presented in Table The statistical values presented in Table 5.11 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Table 5.11: Weather Parameter Statistics for Parbati Basin Weather Parameters Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Coefficient of Deviation Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/yr Wind Speed, km/hr Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation, cm Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ); Rainfall Statistics based on IMD, RD and WRD dataset ( ) Chapter 5 Page 12

13 Mean Annual Rainfall in Parbati Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 3.74 C. Parbati Basin has 1 Major, 2 Medium and 21 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of Mm 3, Mm 3 and Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 727 WHSs in basin is Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix Sabi Basin Sabi River originates from the eastern slopes of the Saiwar Protected Forest hills in Sikar District of Rajasthan State. After covering about 157 km distance in the State, it enters Haryana beyond Kotkasim, near village Ujauli and covers a total distance of about 222 km up to Dhasa Bund. In some of its reaches, from Mandawar and Kotkasim to Haryana border, meandering of the river causes bank erosion. Otherwise, the river has a defined course up to Pataudi railway station and thereafter the water spreads, flowing into several branches, till its outfall into the link drain from Jahajgarh Jheel to Najafgarh Jheel. The flow ultimately joins Yamuna River through the Najafgarh Drain. The catchment area of Sabi River in Rajasthan is 4, km 2 which covers parts of Jaipur, Alwar and Sikar Districts, between latitudes 27 16' and 28 11' and longitudes 75 42' and 76 57' (See Table 1.1-1). The main tributaries of Sabi are Sota, Kotkasim Drain and Indori Nallah. More details are given in Volume 2a and Volume 3b of Final Report No There are 20 micro-watersheds delineated in Sabi Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Table 5.12: Area Details of Sabi Basin Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km 2 Sabi Sabi Chapter 5 Page 13

14 Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km Total 4, Sabi Basin falls in three Districts of Rajasthan namely: Alwar (62.11%), Jaipur (29.30%) and Sikar (8.59%). Weather statistics for Sabi Basin have been analysed based on the 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for rainfall analysis which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ), and is presented in Table The statistical values presented in Table 5.13 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Table 5.13: Weather Parameter Statistics for Sabi Basin Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Coefficient Deviation of Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/yr Wind Speed, km/hr Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ); Rainfall Statistics based on IMD, RD and WRD dataset ( ) Mean Annual Rainfall in Sabi Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 45.8 C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 2.45 C. Sabi Basin has 2 Medium and 70 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of Mm 3 and Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 1,436 WHSs in basin is Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix 4. There is 1 ongoing project in Sabi basin, salient features of which are given in Appendix Banas Basin Banas River originates in the Khamnor hills of the Aravali range (about 5 km from Kumbhalgarh) and flows generally in a southwest-northeast direction. Entire length of the river is about 512 km, which lies in Rajasthan State. It is a major tributary of the River Chambal, to which it meets near village Rameshwar in the Khandar Block in Sawai Madhopur District. Chapter 5 Page 14

15 Banas Basin having catchment area of 47,060 Km 2 within Rajasthan lies between latitudes 24 15' and 27 20' and longitudes 73 25' and 77 00'. The main tributaries of Banas are Berach and Menali on the right, and Kothari, Khari, Dai, Dheel, Sohadara, Morel and Kalisil on the left. Western and northern boundaries of the Banas Basin are formed by the Aravali hill ranges, having a maximum elevation of about 1,200 m amsl. East of the Aravali range, the area is characterised by generally flat to undulating topography, with small isolated ridges and hills. The broad Banas Alluvial plain, deposited in the form of small, isolated valley fills, slopes generally northwards. The width of the Alluvial plain increases towards downstream. The Alluvial deposits of the Banas River thin out towards the west, while the thickness increases towards east and north. Extensive dunes cover the Basin areas in Jaipur, Ajmer and Dausa Districts. The geological sequence consists of basaltic lava flows, Sandstone, Limestone, shale, schists, gneiss, silt, clay and sand. There are 10 Sub-basins in Banas namely Banas (11, Km 2 ), Berach (8, Km 2 ), Dain (3, Km 2 ), Gudia ( Km 2 ), Kalisil ( Km 2 ), Khari (6, Km 2 ), Kothari (2, Km 2 ), Mashi (6, Km 2 ), Morel (5, Km 2 ), Sodra (1, Km 2 ). More details are given in Volume 2b and Volume 3b of Final Report No Brief descriptions of the important tributaries are given in the following paragraphs. Berach River Berach River originates from the hills northeast of Udaipur City. It flows in a northeast direction for about 157 km in Udaipur, Chittaurgarh and Bhilwara Districts before joining the Banas near Bigod village in Mandalgarh Tehsil of Bhilwara District. The river flows in a hilly region up to Badgaon reservoir and then through plains. Its catchment lies between latitudes 24 29' and 25 14' and longitudes 73 25' and 75 02'. The main tributaries of Berach are Ayar, Wagli Wagon, Gambhiri and Orai joining from the right. Kothari River Kothari River originates from the eastern slopes of the Aravali range near Horera village in Bhilwara District. The river flows through Rajsamand and Bhilwara Districts for about 51 km in a hilly region, and further 100 km through plains, before joining the Banas near Nandrai village in Bhilwara District. The catchment lies between latitudes 25 14'30" and 25 34'45" and longitudes 73 47'30" and 75 3'30". Bahamani River is the only major tributary joining Kothari River from the right near Choppan village in Bhilwara District. Khari River Khari River originates from the hills near Deogarh in Rajsamand District. It flows northeast for about 192 km through Udaipur, Bhilwara and Ajmer Districts before joining the Banas River near Chosala village in Ajmer District. The catchment lies between latitudes 25 26' and 25 05' and longitudes 73 50' and 75 21'. The main tributaries of Khari River are Nekhadi and Bara Rivers on the left and Mansi River on the right. Chapter 5 Page 15

16 Dai River Dai River originates in the south-eastern slopes of the Aravali range, near Nasirabad Tehsil of Ajmer District. It flows southeast for about 40 km and east for about 56 km in Ajmer District and for a short reach through Tonk District, before joining Banas River near Bisalpur village in Tonk District. The catchment lies between latitudes 25 5' and 26 31' and longitudes 74 29' and 75 29'. A large number of nallahs join Dai River in Ajmer and Tonk Districts. Mashi River Mashi River originates from the hills near Kishangarh in Ajmer District. It flows initially in an eastward direction and then towards south for about 96 km in partly hilly and partly plain areas of Ajmer and Tonk Districts before joining Banas River near Tonk. The catchment is located between latitudes 26 11' and 26 16' and longitudes 74 48' and 75 54'. The main tributaries of the river are the streams Bandi, near Dudu, and Sohadara. Sohadara River Sohadara River originates in the hills east of Ajmer. It flows eastwards for about 100 km in Tonk District before joining Mashi River near Dhundia village. The catchment lies between latitudes 26 06' and 26 26' and longitudes 75 00' and 75 44'. A number of nallahs join the river. Morel River Morel River originates in the hills near Dharla and Chainpura villages in Bassi Tehsil of Jaipur District. It flows in a southeast direction for 29 km, then towards southwest for 35 km, up to the confluence with river Dhund. It flows further southeast for 83 km in Jaipur and Sawai Madhopur Districts, before joining Banas River near Hadoli village in Karauli Tehsil of Sawai Madhopur District. The catchment lies between latitudes 26 14' and 27 9' and longitudes 75 42' and 76 56'. The main tributaries of Morel are Dhund, Kankrauli and Kalisil Rivers. Description of a separate Sub-basin for Kalisil River is given below. Kalisil River Kalisil River originates from the hills near Rajpura village in Sawai Madhopur District. The river flows generally towards southwest, partly through hills and partly in the plains of Sawai Madhopur District, for about 48 km, before joining Morel River. The catchment lies between latitudes 26 8' and 26 25' and longitudes 76 37' and 76 56'. A few small nallahs join the river. Dheel River Dheel River originates from the plains near Bauli village in Tonk District. The river flows generally from north to south in Jaipur, Tonk and Sawai Madhopur Districts, for about 64 km, before joining Banas River near Philpura village in Sawai Madhopur District. The catchment lies between latitudes 26 11' and 26 32' and longitudes 75 48' and 76 14'. Gudia River is the main tributary of river Dheel. Chapter 5 Page 16

17 There are 71 micro-watersheds delineated in Banas Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Table 5.14: Area Details of Banas Basin Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km 2 Banas Banas 001 1, , , Sub-Total 11, Berach , Sub-Total 8, Dain , Sub-Total 3, Gudia Sub-Total Kalisil Chapter 5 Page 17

18 Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, km 2 Sub-Total Khari , Sub-Total 6, Kothari , Sub-Total 2, Mashi , , Sub-Total 6, Morel , , , Sub-Total 5, Sodra Sub-Total 1, Total 47, Banas Basin falls in twelve Districts of Rajasthan namely: Ajmer (11.80%), Bhilwara (19.97%), Bundi (0.36%), Chittaurgarh (11.60%), Dausa (2.51%), Jaipur (13.80%), Karauli (2.37%), Pratapgarh (0.37%), Rajsamand (8.96%), Sawai Madhopur (8.20%), Tonk (14.37%) and Udaipur (5.70%). Maximum area of Banas Basin is covered by Bhilwara District followed by Tonk District. Weather statistics for Banas Basin have been analysed based on 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for rainfall analysis which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ). The statistical values presented in Table 5.15 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Chapter 5 Page 18

19 Table 5.15: Weather Parameter Statistics of Banas Basin Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/yr Wind Speed, km/hr Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation, cm Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ) ; Rainfall statistics based on IMD,RD and WRD dataset ( ) Mean Annual Rainfall in Banas Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 3.79 C. Banas Basin has 9 Major, 33 Medium and 1,302 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of 1, Mm 3, Mm 3 and 1, Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 31,572 WHSs in basin is 1, Mm 3 while considering the WHS in Gambhiri and Orai project catchment outside Rajasthan the approximate water storage capacity of 31,610 WHSs is 1, Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix 4. There are 3 ongoing and 2 proposed projects in Banas basin, salient features of which are given in Appendix Chambal Basin Chambal River, a principal tributary of Yamuna River, originates in the Vindhyan range near Mhow in Indore District of Madhya Pradesh, at an elevation of 354 m amsl, at latitude 22 27' and longitude 73 20'. The river flows through the States of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Chambal Basin has a catchment area of 31,242 km 2 in Rajasthan and lies between longitudes 73 20' and 79 20' and latitudes 22 27' and 27 20'. The basin is roughly rectangular in shape, its maximum length being 560 kms in a northeast - southwest direction. The river flows for some 320 kms in a generally northerly direction before entering a deep gorge in Rajasthan at Chourasigarh, about 96 kms upstream of Kota. The deep gorge extends up to Kota. The river flows for about 226 kms in Rajasthan in a north-easterly direction, and then forms the boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan in a length of about 252 kms. Thereafter, the river forms the boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh for about 117 kms, entering UP near Charak Nagar village and flows for about 40 kms before joining Yamuna River. Chapter 5 Page 19

20 There are seven Sub-basins in Chambal Basin within Rajasthan, namely: Chakan ( km 2 ), Chambal Downstream (4, km 2 ), Chambal Upstream (4, km 2 ), Kalisindh (10, km 2 ), Kunu ( km 2 ), Mej (5, km 2 ) and Parwati (5, km 2 ). More details are given in Volume 2b and Volume 3b of Final Report No Main tributaries of Chambal River are Siwana, Retam, Shipra and Choti Kalisindh in MP, Kalisindh, Parwati, Parwan and Banas in Rajasthan. A brief description of important tributaries in Rajasthan is given in the following paragraphs. Kalisindh River River Kalisindh originates in the northern slopes of the Vindhya hills. It flows in MP and enters Rajasthan near Binda village in Jhalawar District. It flows for about 145 km north in Rajasthan before joining river Chambal near Nonera village in Kota District. The catchment in Rajasthan extends over parts of Jhalawar and Kota Districts. Important tributaries of the Kalisindh are Ahu, Amjhar and Parwan. As Parwan has been defined as a separate sub-basin its description is given below. Parwan River River Parwan is an important interstate river. It originates in the Malwa Plateau and after flowing for about 186 km in MP enters Rajasthan near Kharibor village in Jhalawar District. It joins river Kalisindh near Ramgarh village in Kota District. The Rajasthan portion of the catchment lies in Jhalawar and Kota Districts. The main tributaries of river Parwan are Ujar, Newaj, Ghar, Chappi and Ghorapachhar. Mej River River Mej originates east of Mandalgarh Tehsil in Bhilwara District and joins river Chambal near Bhaius Khana village in Kota District. The catchment extends over Bhilwara, Bundi, and Tonk Districts. Chakan River River Chakan is formed by the confluence of many local nallahs. The river flows in a south-easterly direction and joins river Chambal near Karanpura village in Sawai Madhopur District. The catchment is situated in Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Bundi and Kota Districts. Parwati River Parwati river originates in the northern slopes of the Vindhyan hills in MP. It enters Rajasthan near Chatarpura village in Baran District, where it forms the boundary between MP and Rajasthan for about 18 km, then flows for about 83 km in Rajasthan before again forming the boundary between MP and Rajasthan for a length of about 58 km up to Pali village in Kota District, where it joins the Chambal. The river catchment in Rajasthan is situated in Kota and Jhalawar Districts. The important tributaries of the Parwati river are Lhasi, Berni, Bethli, Andheri, Retri, Dubraj, Bilas and Kunu. Chapter 5 Page 20

21 Kunu River River Kunu originates north of Guna town in MP. It flow for 48 km in MP before entering Rajasthan near Museri village in Baran District. The river enters again MP and flows north for about 24 km before again re-entering Rajasthan near Gordhanpura village in Kota District and joins Chambal river. The main tributaries of river Kunu are Karal and Rempi. Chambal River upstream and downstream of Kota Barrage The areas draining directly into River Chambal and not included in any of the above sub-basins, has been divided into two Sub-Basins: Chambal Upstream of Kota Barrage and Chambal Downstream of Kota Barrage upto Rajasthan border. There are 67 micro-watersheds delineated in Chambal Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Table 5.16: Area Details of Chambal Basin Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, Km 2 Chambal Chakan Sub-Total Chambal Downstream Sub-Total Chambal Upstream Sub-Total Kalisindh Chapter 5 Page 21

22 Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, Km Sub-Total Kunu Sub-Total Mej Sub-Total Parwati Sub-Total Total Chambal Basin falls in eleven Districts of Rajasthan namely: Baran (22.43%), Bhilwara (3.35%), Bundi (17.96%), Chittaurgarh (7.01%), Dhaulpur (2.66%), Jhalawar (20.22%), Karauli (2.62%), Kota (16.41%), Pratapgarh (2.87%), Sawai Madhopur (3.08%) and Tonk (1.38%). Maximum area of Chambal Basin is covered by Baran District followed by Jhalawar District. Weather statistics for Chambal Basin have been analysed and presented in Table 5.17 based on the 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for Chapter 5 Page 22

23 rainfall analysis, which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ). The statistical values presented in Table 5.17 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Table 5.17: Weather Parameter Statistics for Chambal Basin Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/yr Wind Speed, Km/hr Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation, cm Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ); Rainfall statistics based on IMD, RD and WRD dataset ( ) Mean Annual Rainfall in Chambal Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 5.11 C. Chambal Basin has 6 Major, 22 Medium and 223 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of 1, Mm 3, and Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 9,537 WHSs in basin is Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix 4. There are 14 ongoing and 23 proposed projects in Chambal basin, salient features of which are given in Appendix 5. In addition to this, Chambal basin gets imported surface water as per inter-state agreement which is shared at Kota Baggare, details of which are given in Chapter Mahi Basin Mahi River descends from the northern slopes of the Vindhyachal ranges in MP at an elevation of 500 m amsl. It flows southwards for about 120 kms in MP before entering Banswara District of Rajasthan. The river takes a U shaped route in Rajasthan before entering Gujarat, finally discharging into the Gulf of Cambay. The Mahi Basin having catchment area of 16,611 km 2 in Rajasthan lies between longitudes 73 18' and 74 52' and latitudes 23 04' and 24 35'. The main tributaries of the Mahi are Eru, Nori, Chap, Som, Jakham, Moran, Anas and Bhadar. Chapter 5 Page 23

24 Most of Mahi Basin lies in a hilly tract which may be characterised by rocky uplands in the form of minor hill ranges, erosional valleys, generally long, narrow and shallow, and undulating or rolling erosional pediplains. There are 6 sub-basins in Mahi Basin namely Anas, Bhadar, Jakham, Moran, Som, and Mahi have catchment areas of 1, km 2, km 2, 2, km 2, 5, km 2, km 2, 6, km 2 respectively, within Rajasthan. More details are given in Volume 2b and Volume 3b of Final Report No A brief description of important tributaries is given in following paragraphs. Som River River Som originates in the hills near the village Som in Kherwara Tehsil of Udaipur District. It flows southeast through a hilly region and joins river Mahi near the village Baneshwar. The entire catchment lies in Udaipur and Dungarpur. The main tributaries of river Som are Tidi, Gomti and Jakham. Jakham River River Jakham originates southwest of the hills near Chotti Sadari in Chittorrgarh District. It flows through the hilly region of Udaipur District in a south-western direction and joins river Som near Bilara village. The Sub-Basin is situated in Chittor and Udaipur. The main tributaries of river Jakham are Karmai and Sukli. Moran River River Moran originates in the southern hills of Dungarpur town. It flows through Dungarpur District and joins Mahi river near Galiakot village. The total catchment of river lies in Dungarpur. Anas River River Anas originates in the northern slopes of the Vindhyan ranges, near Amber village in MP. It flows in a north-western direction, enters Rajasthan near Meledikhera village and joins Mahi river about 15 km downstream of Galiakot village. The Sub-Basin in Rajasthan is situated in Banswara District. The main tributary of Anas river in Rajasthan is Hiran. Bhadar River The river Bhadar, originating in the hills south of Kanguwa village in Dungarpur District, flows from north to south and enters Gujarat near Kokhakra village in Dungarpur District, where it joins the Mahi near Karanta village in Gujarat. There are 59 micro-watersheds delineated in Mahi Basin within Rajasthan boundary. Chapter 5 Page 24

25 Table 5.18: Area Details of Mahi Basin Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, Km 2 Mahi Anas Sub-Total Bhadar Sub-Total Jakham Sub-Total Mahi Sub-Total Moran Sub-Total Som Chapter 5 Page 25

26 Basin Sub-basin Micro-watershed Code Area, Km Sub-Total Total Mahi Basin falls in five Districts of Rajasthan namely: Banswara (26.99%), Chittaurgarh (1.12%), Dungarpur (19.03%), Pratapgarh (20.29%) and Udaipur (32.56%). Maximum area of Mahi Basin is covered by Udaipur District followed by Banswara District. Weather statistics of Mahi Basin have been analysed based on the 20 years ( ) monthly IMD weather data except for rainfall analysis which is based on IMD, RD and WRD data of 54 years ( ) and presented in Table The statistical values presented in Table 5.19 are the values which varies spatially over the region i.e. they signify the spatial variation of a weather parameter over the basin. Table 5.19: Weather Parameter Statistics of Mahi Basin Weather Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Mean Maximum Temperature, C Highest Maximum Temperature, C Mean Minimum Temperature, C Lowest Minimum Temperature, C Annual Rainfall, mm , Monsoon Months Rainfall, mm Rainy Days, Days/yr Wind Speed, km/hr Sunshine Hours, hr/day Relative Humidity, % Annual Evaporation, cm Source: IMD monthly dataset ( ); Rainfall statistics based on IMD, RD and WRD dataset ( ) Mean Annual Rainfall in Mahi Basin is mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from C with a mean value of 5.10 C. Chapter 5 Page 26

27 Mahi Basin has 4 Major, 2 Medium and 271 Minor existing projects with cumulative live storage capacity of 2, Mm 3, Mm 3 and Mm 3, respectively. The approximate water storage capacity of 4,997 WHSs in basin within Rajasthan boundary is Mm 3. The salient features of existing projects are given in Appendix 4. There are 3 ongoing and 9 proposed projects in Mahi basin, salient features of which are given in Appendix 5. In addition to this, Mahi basin gets imported surface water as per inter-state agreement which is shared at Mahi Bajaj Sagar, details of which are given in Chapter Sabarmati Basin Sabarmati River and its tributaries descend from the Aravali hills and drain the slopes of the Aravali hills in Udaipur District. The Vatrak River, a tributary of Sabarmati River, flows through Dungarpur District, roughly marking the western boundary of Udaipur District, and flows in a south-westerly direction. The main tributaries of Sabarmati River are Wakal River and Sei Nadi, which also originate from the Aravali hill range west of Udaipur city and flow south-westwards. Their courses are generally parallel to the Sabarmati River, up to their confluence with the Sabarmati in Gujarat. The hills are part of the Aravali range, and in conformity with the general trend in the range, run mostly north-east-south-west as a broken chain of hills elongated in shape and parallel to each other. Almost the entire western half of the basin is made up of these sub-ranges. In addition, there are isolated hillocks, the eroded remnants of earlier hill ranges, aligned parallel to the sub-ranges. The maximum elevation in the hilly terrain is more than 800 m, the highest peak near the source of the Sabarmati is about 1,173 m amsl. The Sabarmati Basin is situated in the southern part the State of Rajasthan within the Aravalli hill range to the west of the Districts of Udaipur and Dungarpur. It covers an area of 4, km 2 in Rajasthan. There are four Sub-basins in Sabarmati Basin within Rajasthan namely Sabarmati ( km 2 ), Sei ( km 2 ), Vatrak ( km 2 ) and Wakal (1, km 2 ). More details are given in Volume 2b and Volume 3b of Final Report No A brief description of the tributaries of River Sabarmati is given in the following paragraphs. Wakal River River Wakal originates northwest of Udaipur, near Suran village. The river flows in a generally south direction up to Manpur village in Udaipur District, where it turns northeast, and after a distance of about 90 km, leaves Rajasthan near the Goupipli village, and joins Sabarmati river near Eitarwar village in Gujarat.. The main tributaries of Wakal are Manshi and Parvi rivers. Chapter 5 Page 27