Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in Zimbabwe. Gibson Mandishona (CREET, Zimbabwe)
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1 Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in Zimbabwe Gibson Mandishona (CREET, Zimbabwe) Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) Week Harare, October 2012
2 RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABWE I. THE SOLAR ENERGY RESOURCE 1.1 ALMOST ALL ENERGY ON EARTH DERIVED THE SUN (90 HYDROGEN 10% HELIUM), SURROUNDED BY 9 PLANETS. SUN IS ONE OF MORE THAN 200 BILLION BILLION STARS
3 SOLAR-DERIVED ENERGY CONVERSION TO HEAT, AIR, EARTH, OCEANS 81000TW-45% SOLAR 1 RADIATION TW SHORTWAVE RADIATION 52000TW (30%) PHOTOSYNTHESIS 40TW (1%) WINDS, WAVES CONVECTION CURRENTS 370TW (1%) HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE( EVAPORATION, PRECIPITATION 40000TW (23%) [Source: Renewable Energy for a Sustainable Future; ed. G. Boyle]
4 RE HAS THREE DEVELOPMENTAL IMPACTS; -POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES -EFFICIENCY (ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL) -SIMPLICITY (USER FRIENDLY) SOLAR ENERGY SOLAR THERMAL: HEATING EFFECT, COLLECTORS, FLAT PLATES, PARABOLIC DISHES, HEATING AND COOLING, CONCENTRATING SOLAR TECHNOLOGY (CST)- COMBINATION OF TRACKING LENSES AND MIRRORS. HAS 30% EFFICIENCY CONVERSION RATE TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY FROM HEAT SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (SPV): CONVERTS SUNLIGHT INTO DIRECT ELECTRICITY; HAS 15% EFFICIENCY CONVERSION RATE AN INNOVATIVE ENERGY RESOURCE IS TO COMBINE CST AND SPV
5
6 SOLAR AND OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES 1.4 SOLAR BIOMASS HYDRO WIND GEOTHERMAL TIDAL/WAVE/OCEAN SOLAR(SPV), THERMAL (CST), GEYSER, FUEL CELLS, CONVECTION TOWERS BIOGAS, BIOFUELS, LANDFILLS, ALCOHOLS MINI-HYDRO ELECTRICAL/MECHANICAL ENERGY ELECTRICAL/MECHANICAL ENERGY, VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL AXIS TURBINES, WIND FARMS HOT SPRINGS, THERMAL ENERGY SEA-BOUND ENERGY SYSTEMS ENERGY EFFICIENCY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT, ENERGY AUDITS, CARBON CREDITS NUCLEAR? GRID ELECTRICAL, THERAPY, ISOTOPES
7 RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL IN ZIMBABWE SOLAR INSTALLATIONS IN HOMES, SCHOOLS, CLINICS SOLAR FARMS (CST) WITH LARGE POWER OUTPUT BIOGAS DIGESTERS FOR HOMES,SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, FARMS LANDFILL TECHNOLOGY WIND ENERGY ZIMBABWE A LAND-LOCKED COUNTRY, LOW WIND SPEEDS STRATEGY IS TO SELECT HIGH WIND SITES OR USE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES EXPAND WIND TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOP WIND FARMS BIOFUELS, ALCOHOLS MINIHYDRO POWER PLANTS SELECT SITES
8 ENERGY FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION - EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION - INCOME GENERATING PROJECTS - FINANCE SCHEME-LOW INTEREST LOANS - LOW COST SYSTEMS, LANTERNS, DIY KITS - RELIEF FROM DUTIES AND TAXES DIVERSIFY ENERGY DELIVERY MODES - NATIONAL UTILITY - PRIVATE SECTOR - NGOS - DISTRICT COUNCILS - COOPERATIVES - DONOR AGENCIES
9 ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: 3 LEVELS - CORE TECHNOLOGY AS OPPOSED TO PERIPHERAL - SKILLS TRANSFER - PRIORITISATION- WHICH TECHNOLOGY TO ADOPT ENCOURAGE LOCAL MANUFACTURE OF ENERGY COMPONENTS -ENGAGE SMEs, RESEARCH CENTRES, INDUSTRY SMEs CHALLENGES - ACCESS TO CREDIT - BUSINESS/TECHNICAL SKILLS ( REFRESHER COURSES) - MARKETING OF PRODUCTS - PROVISION OF PHYSICAL STRUCTURES - SEED CAPITAL TO JUMP-START BUSINESS
10 RENEWABLE ENERGY MANUFACTURERS TO EMERGE: - ENERGY PLAYERS ASSERTIVENESS - NEW ACTORS EMBRACING NEW TECHNOLOGIES - ABILITY TO INNOVATE, MODIFY AND ADAPT - FAVOURABLE POLICIES TO ATTRACT NEW ENERGY PLAYERS
11 ULTIMATE
12 : RESOURCE MOBILIZATION INDUST RY GRID GOVERN MENT PUBLIC RENEW ABLE ENERGY TRAINI NG SKILLS NGOS + FINAN CE FUNDI NG
13 WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY? SUSTAINABILITY - RESOURCES CONSUMED ARE REPLACED - CALLS FOR DECOUPLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION - INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TO MEASURE BOTH LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND ECLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS -
14 VI. SUSTAINABILTY OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE 6.1 Sustainable development or sustainability is a Latin-derived word from sustinere (tener = to hold, sus = up) (maintain, support, endure). It calls for the reconciliation of environmental, social and economical demands, which are its three pillars. Three Pillars of Sustainability SOCIAL Bearable Equitable ENVIRONM ENT Sustainable Viable ECONO MIC
15 DESIGN INSTALLATION OPERATION DISTRIBUTION END-USE Acceptance variables Feedback variables
16 DECENTRALISED DISSEMINATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONDITIONS POLITICAL COMMITMENT ACTIVITY ENERGY POLICY, RESOURCE MOBILISATION ALLOCATION OF BUDGET FINANCE SCHEMES, PUBLIC WARENESS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER END-USER INVOLVEMENT LOCAL MANUFACTURE, DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRIES DEMAND ANALYSIS, DEMONSTRATIONS
17 RE TECHNOLOGY PORTAL RENEWABLES, FUEL CELLS, SPV/CST PROJECT NOAH SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PORTAL EDUCATION, HEALTH, HOUSING, EMPLOYMENT
18 THANK YOU
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