Evaluation of Contactless Smartcard Antennas

Transcription

1 Technical Report Evaluation of Contactless Smartcard Antennas Michael Roland University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Josef Ressel Center u smile michael.roland@fh-hagenberg.at Michael Hölzl Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Networks and Security hoelzl@ins.jku.at Abstract This report summarizes the results of our evaluation of antennas of contactless and dual interface smartcards and our ideas for user-switchable NFC antennas. We show how to disassemble smartcards with contactless capabilities in order to obtain the bare chip module and the bare antenna wire. We examine the design of various smartcard antennas and present concepts to render the contactless interface unusable. Finally, we present ideas and practical experiments to make the contactless interface switchable by the end-user. This work has been carried out within the scope of u smile, the Josef Ressel Center for User-Friendly Secure Mobile Environments, funded by the Christian Doppler Gesellschaft, A1 Telekom Austria AG, Drei-Banken-EDV GmbH, LG Nexera Business Solutions AG, NXP Semiconductors Austria GmbH, and Österreichische Staatsdruckerei GmbH. Moreover, this work has been carried out in close cooperation with the project High Speed RFID within the EU programme Regionale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit OÖ (Regio 13) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Province of Upper Austria (Land Oberösterreich). Revision 1.0 June 11, 2015

2 2 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Disassembling Smartcards 4 3. Analysis of Dual Interface Smartcard Antennas 8 4. Disabling the Contactless Interface of Dual Interface Cards Smartcards with Switchable Contactless Interface Summary 27 References 28

3 INTRODUCTION 3 1. Introduction

4 4 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS 2. Disassembling Smartcards 2.1 Construction Principle of a Plastic Smartcard

5 DISASSEMBLING SMARTCARDS Dissolving a MIFARE Classic Card Extracting the Chip from a Dual Interface Smartcard

6 6 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS

7 DISASSEMBLING SMARTCARDS 7

8 8 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS 3. Analysis of Dual Interface Smartcard Antennas 3.1 Non-Destructive Analysis 3.2 Examination of Card Antennas

9 ANALYSIS OF DUAL INTERFACE SMARTCARD ANTENNAS 9

10 10 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS

11 ANALYSIS OF DUAL INTERFACE SMARTCARD ANTENNAS Manufacturing Process

12 12 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS Antenna Geometry Resonant Frequency

13 ANALYSIS OF DUAL INTERFACE SMARTCARD ANTENNAS

14 14 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS 4. Disabling the Contactless Interface of Dual Interface Cards 4.1 Cutting the Antenna Wire

15 DISABLING THE CONTACTLESS INTERFACE OF DUAL INTERFACE CARDS 15

16 16 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS Newer Antenna Concepts and their Possible Consequences

17 DISABLING THE CONTACTLESS INTERFACE OF DUAL INTERFACE CARDS 17

18 18 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS 5. Smartcards with Switchable Contactless Interface 5.1 Concept 1: Clipped Antenna

19 SMARTCARDS WITH SWITCHABLE CONTACTLESS INTERFACE 19

20 20 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS MIFARE Classic

21 SMARTCARDS WITH SWITCHABLE CONTACTLESS INTERFACE 21

22 22 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS Dual Interface Processor Smartcard

23 SMARTCARDS WITH SWITCHABLE CONTACTLESS INTERFACE Concept 2: Short-Cicuited Antenna

24 24 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS 5.3 Concept 3: On-Chip Switching of the Contactless Interface Using Display Cards

25 SMARTCARDS WITH SWITCHABLE CONTACTLESS INTERFACE Using NFC-enabled Mobile Devices Security Considerations for an Interface Management Applet

26 26 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS Smartcard Chips with Dedicated Switching Input

27 SUMMARY Summary

28 28 EVALUATION OF CONTACTLESS SMARTCARD ANTENNAS References

29 REFERENCES 29