Wireless IoT Technologies and Applications - Near Field Communication

Transcription

1 Wireless IoT Technologies and Applications - Near Field Communication Bryce Yau Manager, IC Design 6 May 2016

2 Outline IOT and NFC NFC Introduction NFC Standards NFC Chip Manufactures and Users NFC Device Architecture NFC Forum Test NFC in Mobile Payment Summary 2

3 IOT and NFC The Internet of Things (IOT) Physical objects (such as: devices, vehicles, building...), they are embedded with electronics, software, sensor and with network connectivity to collect and exchange data. Enabling Technologies RFID, NFC, Optical tags, Bluetooth low energy, ZigBee, Z-Wave, LTE-Advanced, WiFi-Direct 3

4 NFC Introduction (1) NFC technology builds on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) foundation. NFC forum, formed in 2004 by Nokia, Philips and Sony, promotes NFC and device compliance, 180+ members. Physical touch isn t required to share information. Bringing two devices containing NFC chips together activates electromagnetic induction, similar to the way of proximity cards. 4

5 NFC Introduction (2) Devices exchange data over the unlicensed 13.56MHz radio spectrum, at the relatively slow data rate of up to 424Kbps. Distance less than 10cm and supports encryption. NFC forum defines three operation modes. 5

6 NFC History (1) 1983 The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton "Portable radio frequency emitting identifier" U.S. Patent 4,384, ISO/IEC was published 2004 Nokia, Philips and Sony established the NFC Forum 6

7 NFC History (2) 2006 First NFC Phone Nokia First Android NFC Phone: Samsung Nexus S 2011 First company for its devices to be certified by MasterCard Worldwide: RIM 2014 Apple Pay Initial release, Oct

8 NFC Features Ease of use, security and versatility. It enables easy payments, information sharing, and data transfer. It can be easily integrated with public transit payment systems, retailers' POS, and healthcare systems. 8

9 NFC Applications 9

10 NFC Forum and ISO NFC Forum Developing standards-based specifications Encouraging the development of products using NFC Forum specifications Educating the market globally about NFC technology Ensuring that products claiming NFC capabilities comply with NFC Forum specifications ISO Proximity, near field and vicinity standards ISO/IEC (proximity contactless cards) Included as a base standard in Digital Protocol and Analogue specifications ISO/IEC NFCIP-1 Included as a base standard in Digital Protocol and Analogue specifications ISO/IEC Vicinity Out of scope of NFC Forum work ISO/IEC NFCIP-2 Specifies the communication mode selection mechanism 10

11 NFC Standards (1) ISO/IEC Identification cards- Contactless integrated circuit cards Proximity cards (2000) Physical characteristics Radio Frequency power and signal interface Initialization and anticollision Transmission protocol ISO/IEC ISO/IEC Identification cards- Contactless integrated circuit cards Vicinity cards (2000) Read: 70cm, Authenticate: 50cm, Write: 35cm (max distance:1.5m, out of NFC forum scope) Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Near Field Communication (2004) Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) ISO/IEC Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Near Field Communication (2005) Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol -2 (NFCIP- 2) 11

12 NFC Standards (2) The ISO standard has two modes with the following features: Reader to Card (PCD > PICC) Type A Type B Frequency MHz MHz Modulation 100% ASK 10% ASK Bit coding Modified Miller NRZ Data rate 106 kb/s 106 kb/s Card to Reader (PICC > PCD) Modulation Load Load Bit coding OOK BPSK Subcarrier 847kHz 847kHZ Bit coding Manchester NRZ Data rate 106 kb/s 106 kb/s PICC: Proximity inductive coupling card (card, tag) PCD: Proximity coupling device (reader, writer) 12

13 NFC Standards (3) ISO/IEC18092 Communication modes: Active, Passive Operation modes: Read/Write, Peer-to-peer, Card-Emulation Mode Read/Write Card-Emulation Peer-to-Peer Operation NFC enabled devices can read or write data to any of the supported types in a standard NFC data format. NFC-enabled devices can act as a reader when in contact with tags, also it can act as a tag (contactless card) for other readers (POS terminals) Two NFC-enabled devices can exchange data. Read/Write: Proximity coupling device (PCD) Card-Emulation: Proximity inductive coupling card (PICC, card, tag) Peer-to-Peer: NFC devices 13

14 NFC Standards (4) ISO/IEC (NFCIP-2) Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol -2 Specifies the communication mode selection mechanism, designed to not disturb any ongoing communication at 13,56 MHz, for devices implementing ISO/IEC and the reader functionality for integrated circuit cards compliant to ISO/IEC or ISO/IEC This International Standard requires implementations to enter the selected communication mode as specified in the respectivestandard. 14

15 NFC Forum and ISO NFC Forum NXP (Mifare) NFC-A ISO A Infineon NFC-B ISO B Sony (Felica) NFC-F Rejected Same frequency: 13.56MHz 15

16 NFC Type A vs. Type B 16

17 NFC Forum The Standardization Body of NFC The NFC Forum N-Mark - It is the consumer facing trademark. - Anyone can use, as long as the tag or device meets the applicable NFC Forum technical specifications, as described in the N-Mark Trademark License Agreement. - Touchpoint for NFC tags and NFC-enabled devices. - Indicator of NFC functionality in software. The NFC Forum Certification Mark - It is the industry-facing mark. - It is used to indicate that a hardware device has been certified compliant with NFC Forum specifications. - Use of the NFC Forum Certification Mark is granted only to NFC Forum member companies that have successfully completed certification 17

18 NFC Technology at a Glance Short-range (~ 10 cm), MHz secure contactless technology Standardized in ISO 18092, ECMA and ETSI Compatible with existing ISO contactless cards & reader infrastructure Reader and card mode possible in same device Device-device connectivity Data exchange rate up to 424kbit/sec 18

19 NFC Major Chip Suppliers NXP (Netherlands) STMicroelectronics (Switzerland) Broadcom (US) TI (US) Inside Secure (France) MediaTek (Taiwan) Qualcomm (US) Marvell (US) Samsung (Korea) Ranks No. 1 in chips for egovernment applications such as electronic passports, No. 1 in transport and access management, and is No. 1 in RFID tags and labels Shipped out NFC chip since $47.5 million purchased UK based company in 2010, announced its first NFC chip in Sep 2011 (40nm SOC). Combo chip with WiFi, Bluetooth, FM and NFC in First combo wireless chips incorporation NFC, Bluetooth, WiFi Though the end of 2011, was one of only two providers of NFC chips to handset makers. A major supplier of processor chips for smartphones, announced its first NFC chip in 2013 The world s largest supplier of processor chips to smartphone makers, has entered the NFC market, expects to begin shipping a standalone NFC chip in volume to device makers by the third quarter of Chip to include WiFi and NFC, to be shipped out during first half of (Marvell holds up to 85% WiFi chip market) Announced at Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2013 in Barcelona, Spain, Samsung-Visa alliance to boost NFC payments adoption 19

20 NFC Chip Users (1) Apple NXP chip Samsung NXP chip Sony Ericsson NXP chip, STMicroeletronics Huawei NXP chip Nokia NXP chip (Symbian based phones) Google Nexus S NXP chip Motorola NXP chip RIM BlackBerry Inside Secure chip ZTE 中 興 Inside Secure chip Intel Inside Secure chip + others NFC embedded phone 2013: 138 models 2016: 376 models Acer, Alcatel, Apple, Asus, BlackBerry, C- Mii, Casio, Fujitsu, Google, HTC, Huawei, Kuoziro, Lenovo, LG, Megafon, Mobiwire, Motorola, Nokia, Orange, Panasonic, Pantech, Samsung, Sharp, Sonim, Sony, Toughshield, Turkcell, Vertu, Xolo, ZTE Nintendo Wii U Broadcom NTT DoCoMo Sony Felica Chip Hong Kong Octopus Sony Felica Chip China Unicom Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics Shanghai Simcon Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics Google wallet over 200,000 merchants across the United States. 20

21 NFC Chip Users (2) Biometric Passport / E-Passport / Identification Card For identification system such as facial recognition, fingerprint recognition and iris recognition. With ISO/IEC14443 standard, minimum of 32KB EEPROM. The comparison of biometric features is performed outside the passport chip. NFC inside Since 2004: USA, Pakistan, Dominican, Belgium Over 55 countries are using. Hong Kong: 2007 China:

22 NFC In Hong Kong 1997 Octopus Card 2008 Hang Seng Bank Enjoy card 2010 AutoTAXI (Service was stopped) Hong Kong Monetary Authority We will conduct a study of the development of an interoperable NFC mobile payment platform to cater to the emergence of NFC-enabled smartphones Sep Apple Pay (American Express only) 22

23 NFC Controller 23

24 NFC Antenna Matching in Board Design Block diagram of standard NFC antenna topology 1 Capacitor C1 and C2 are the antenna matching components. 5/10/

25 NFC Antenna Matching for Simulation 25

26 NFC Antenna Matching Impedance response Coin antenna 25mm circular center tapped Similar to the size of Metro token ISO/IEC14443 class 6 Inductance = 2.2uH Self resonance frequency = 37MHz Medium size antenna 50x40mm rectangular center tapped ISO/IEC14443 class3 Inductance = 3.3uH Self resonance frequency = 26MHz Card antenna 81x49mm rectangular center tapped Similar to the size of octopus card ISO/IEC14443 class 1 Inductance = 3.7uH Self resonance frequency = 21MHz 5/10/

27 NFC Device Architecture Structure of a NFC device Host-Controller Application Execution Environment (AEE) Controls UI, Communication and peripheral devices (Phone OS) NFC-Controller Contactless Front-end (CLF) Converter between HF signal and digital data Host/Baseband Controller NFC Controller Antenna Secure Element Secure Element Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) Secure environment to execute and store 27

28 NFC Forum Certification Process Test Tool Vendor Validation request Test tool approval NFC Forum Certification Administrator Test tool submission Validation results Validation Third Party Certification approval Tool sales Initial registration Certification request Certification Test Lab Product submission Test results report Certification Application 28

29 NFC Forum Certification Test 29

30 NFC Forum Test Important RF tests In active polling mode Carrier Frequency Accuracy Power Level measurement Waveform Characteristic measurement Load modulation sensitivity Threshold level test In passive listening mode Load modulation measurement Power reception test Frame delay time 30

31 NFC Forum Test Source: R&S NFC RF Measurements DUT Positioning To ensure traceability and repeatability robot positioner is required 31

32 NFC - Mobile Payment Juniper Research Juniper Research Mobile Payment Growth Forecast NFC payments to reach $95bn by 2018 The global value of NFC mobile and wearable payments is expected to reach US$95bn annually by 2018, up from less than $35bn last year Mobile ticket purchases to hit 23bn by 2020 With a number of transport agencies enhancing app capabilities and integrating new payment services such as Apple Pay the firm says. MasterCard 38% of payments in Europe will be digital by 2020 co-operative Mobile payments will overtake cards and cash by 2025, says UK retailer Smart Insights Mobile wallet transactions to increase 61% by 2021 The total mwalletrevenue for the payments industry is forecasted to experience a CAGR of 50% over the period, surpassing the 1bn bar by 2021, the firm adds. 32

33 NFC - Mobile Payment Strong global growth for NFC payments 2016: More than 100M people around the world will use an NFC handset to make a purchase. Source: Strategy Analytics December 2015: 3% was mobile payment (6 months after the launch of Apple Pay) 33

34 NFC Technology Summary Near Field Communication (NFC) Communication technology Based on radio waves at MHz frequency Short range (<= 10 cm theoretical, 1-4 cm typical) Low speed (106 / 212 / 424 kbps) => 13-50KBytes per sec Low friction setup (no discovery, no pairing) Setup-time < 0.1 Sec Communication roles Master Device: NFC Initiator (starts communication, typically a device) Slave Device: NFC Target (passive tag or device) Standardization NFC Forum (founded 2004 by NXP, Sony, Nokia) 180+ members Definition of standards (ISO14443,18092, 21481) 34

35 End of Presentation Thank you. Questions are welcome. Corporate website: Contact: Bryce Yau (852)