AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR Anticipation Guide The British lost the Revolutionary War. Many of the early colonists were loyal to England. It is unfair

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6 Revolutionary War Unit Pre-requisite: You students should have studied American History up to and including the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War will be an important event that you will want to refer back to with your students. Lesson 1: Anticipation and Hook Approximately 30 minutes Materials: Enduring Understanding and Essential Questions Anticipation Guide/KWL Chart George Washington s Rules of Civility (selection of a few) 17 th Century Alphabet 1. Introduction to the Unit: Introduce the Enduring Understanding and Essential Questions and hang them in a place where you can refer back to them throughout the unit. 2. Anticipation Guide: Hand out the Anticipation guide/kwl to activate students curiosity. Have the students keep this in a folder or portfolio so that they can revisit it throughout the unit. Note: If you have never used a KWL chart you will need to instruct the students on how to fill it out. The K section is where they add what they already know. The W is section where the students write what they want to learn and questions they have. The L section will be left blank at this time; this is the section they fill out as they learn more. 3. Hook Activity: Hand out George Washington s Rules of Civility. Explain to the students that George Washington had some very high expectations for himself. Read through the first couple with the class and model how you can decipher them. Model writing them in your own language. Then as a group have the students figure out what the others mean.. After their group has figured out the rest of the rules, have each student choose their favorite of the ten and write it using the 17 th century alphabet. Reasoning Behind the Activities of Lesson 1:

7 AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR Anticipation Guide The British lost the Revolutionary War. Many of the early colonists were loyal to England. It is unfair to tax people who cannot vote on how the taxes are to be spent. The American Revolutionary war started in The American Colonies were fighting for their independence. There were 13 original Colonies in America. George III was the King in Britain. The Boston Massacre was the first battle of the war. The Declaration of Independence was signed on August 2 nd, Wars need to be fought to fix things that are wrong. Soldiers are scared to fight their enemies for the first time. Soldiers are often compassionate and understanding of their enemy s cause. Soldiers experience personal growth because of war. Death is one of the consequences of fighting a war, and should not be feared. Women were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. The Revolutionary War fought between the North and the South. Slaves were forced to fight in the revolutionary war.

8 George Washington s Rules of Civility In the presence of Others Sing not to yourself with a humming Noise, nor Drum with your Fingers or Feet. Keep your nails clean and short, also your hands and teeth clean, yet without showing any great concern for them. When you sit down, Keep your feet firm and Even, without putting one on the other or Crossing them. Gaze not on the marks or blemishes of Others and ask not how they came. Undertake not what you cannot Perform but be Careful to keep your Promise. Speak not Evil of the absent for it is unjust. Sleep not when others Speak, Sit not when others stand, Speak not when you Should hold your Peace, walk not when others Stop.

9 Lesson 2: Setting the Stage 1. Note Taking Strategy 2. Document Analysis Paying the Excise Man or Tarring and Feathering 3. Discussion Taxation w/o Representation 4. Assessment: add to essential questions notes Additional Literacy Activity: Early America Readers Theater

10 Name Date Primary Source Analysis: Hand-Colored Engraving by Philip Dawe 1774 Directions: As each quadrant is uncovered write down any people, objects, or activities (actions) you see. In some quadrants you may have empty boxes. 1. Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2 Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4 People: People: People: People: Objects: Objects: Objects: Objects: Activities: Activities: Activities: Activities: 2. Now that you have seen this engraving in pieces take a couple minutes to examine the whole primary source. Are there any people, objects or actions that you missed that you now see? Please list them. 3. Describe what you think is happening in this engraving: 4. What do you see happening in the background of this picture?

11 Background Information: A tax is a money that is collected from individuals and businesses by the government to pay for the services it provides, such as schools, roads, or police. In colonial times, the British government collected taxes from people who lived in the colonies. The government added charges to special things like tea and playing cards and put a stamp on the items to show the tax had been paid. One reason the colonists didn t like this tax was that the money was sent back to Britain. The colonists didn t have a say as to how the money would be used. They though they were being cheated. The colonists were mad at King George III and at the British government, but they took out their anger on the man who collected the taxes. He was called the excise man. Gilder Lehrman American Revolutionary War Collection In the 1700 s Tarring and Feathering was a form of punishment. It was typically meant to humiliate and hurt someone so they would either leave town or stop bad behavior. The person would have their clothing removed to their waist. They would be covered with hot tar then feathers. The person being tarred and feathered in this engraving was named John Malcolm. This was his second time being tarred and feathered. 6. Who looks like the good guy in this engraving? 7. Who looks like the bad guy in this engraving? 8. This engraving was printed in England. Why would the British print this picture? 5. Why do you think there is a noose hanging from the tree? 9. Do you think this picture shows what actually happened to the tax collector?

12 The Bostonian s Paying the Excise-Man or Tarring and Feathering Engraving by Philip Dawes, Courtesy of the National Archives (archives.gov)

13 The Bostonian s Paying the Excise-man, or Tarring and Feathering. Hand-colored engraving by Philip Dawe, (Gilder Lehrman Collection, GLC )

14 Lesson 3: Road to the Revolution 1. Story of Mrs. Colter 2. Poem Daughters of Liberty 3. Broadside

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16 The 20 Daughters of Liberty (PARTIAL) By Anonymous Since the men, from a party or fear of a frown, Are kept by a sugar-plum quietly down, Supinely asleep--and depriv'd of their sight, Are stripp'd of their freedom, and robb'd of their right; If the sons, so degenerate! the blessings despise, Let the Daughters of Liberty nobly arise; And though we've no voice but a negative here, The use of the taxables, let us forbear:-- (Then merchants import till your stores are all full, May the buyers be few, and your traffic be dull!) Stand firmly resolv'd, and bid Grenville to see, That rather than freedom we part with our tea, And well as we love the dear draught when a-dry, As American Patriots our taste we deny-- This poem was published anonymously in the Pennsylvania Gazette in It is thought that it was written by a Quaker lady who lived in Philadelphia. It was dedicated to the Daughters of Liberty during the Revolutionary War.

17 The bloody massacre perpetrated in King Street, Boston, on Mar. 5, Engraving by Paul Revere, SC (revolutionary_war_002.jpg)

18 Boston Massacre, Mar. 5, Chomolithograph by John Bufford. 69-N-4877-C. (revolutionary_war_003.jpg)

19 Lesson 5: Boston Tea Party The destruction of tea at Boston Harbor. Litho- graph by Sarony and Major, GW439. (revolutionary_war_004.jpg)

20 Description: The Boston Tea Party - Destruction of the Tea in the Boston Harbor, Source: John Gilmary Shea, The Story of a Great Nation (New York: Gay Brothers & Company, 1886) after 300, says "page 402" W.D. Cooper. "Boston Tea Party." The History of North America. London: E. Newberry, Engraving. Plate opposite p. 58. Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (40) I dressed myself in the costume of an Indian,equipped with a small hatchet, which I and my associates denominated the tomahawk, with which, and a club, after having painted my face and hands with coal dust in the shopof a blacksmith, I repaired to Griffin's wharf,where the ships lay that contained the tea... We then were ordered by our commander to open the hatches and take out all the chests of tea and throw them overboard, and we immediately proceeded to execute his orders, first cutting and splitting the chests with our tomahawks, so as thoroughly to expose them to the effects of the water. In about three hours from the time we went on board, we had thus broken and thrown overboard every tea chest to be found in the ship, while those in the other ships were disposing of the tea in the same way, at the same time. We were surrounded by British armed ships, but no attempt was made to resist us. Anonymous, "Account of the Boston Tea Party by a Participant," (1773)

21 French and Indian War American Revenue Act of 1764 Proclamation of 1763 The Sugar Act The The Currency Act The French and Indian War was a seven-year war where England and the American colonies fought against the French and some of the Indians in North America. France lost a lot of land in North America. The war was expensive for the British. February 10, 1763, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The Proclamation of 1763 was sent out by the king of England (George the 3rd) on October 7th It said that colonists couldn't move anywhere more west than the Appalachian mountains. This made the colonists mad because some had already bought land here. All colonist who owned land there were told to leave immediately. The main reason this rule was issued was because it was costing too much money for the British to keep the revolting Indians away from the settlers. However, this did not work because it was impossible to protect the border of the Appalachian Mountains Act that put a three-cent tax on foreign refined sugar and increased taxes on coffee, indigo, and certain kinds of wine. It banned importation of rum and French wines. These taxes affected only a certain part of the population, but the affected merchants were very vocal. Besides, the taxes were enacted (or raised) without the consent of the colonists. This was one of the first instances in which colonists wanted a say in how much they were taxed. On September 1, 1764, Parliament passed the Currency Act, taking control of the colonial money (currency) system. Colonial printing of paper money was restricted by the Currency Act in The British wanted the colonists to repay debts and taxes using hard currency, causing paper money to be printed to the point of worthlessness.the colonies protested against this act.

22 The Stamp Act The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. The Quartering Act of 1765 March 24th: The Quartering Act was an indirect tax for the colonist. Under the law, the colonist had to give quarters, food, and transportation to the British soldiers. The British forced the colonist to accept it because they were protecting the colonists from the French. The colonists did not consider the French a threat and did not like the idea of paying for the British protection. Patrick Henry s Speech 1765 The Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions May 29th: He compared King George III with tyrants of the past, infuriating the more conservative Americans who accused him of treason. Henry responded, "If this be treason, make the most of it. He is often considered a symbol of America's struggle for liberty and self-government. Patrick Henry was a lawyer, patriot, orator, and willing participant in virtually every aspect of the founding of America. Patrick Henry lead the House of Burgesses to passing 5 resolutions, the fifth was taken back the next day, so four actually passed. Patrick Henry originally suggested six resolutions but the last two were considered too radical. The Stamp Act Congress A Congress of delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies met on October 19th to discuss the Stamp Act. It ended with a Declaration of Rights and Grievances. It was hoped that these would cause the Stamp Act to be repealed.

23 The Declaratory Act The Townshend Revenue Act This act basically told the colonists they didn t have the right to meet or have a Congress. This Act established that all government power and authority lies only with the Crown and Parliament. It was accompanied by the repeal of the Stamp Act The Townshend Acts were designed to collect money from the colonists in America by taxing the imports of glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. This cause the colonists to boycott the British goods and increase tensions. The British ended up sending soldiers to enforce compliance. They were also known as the intolerable acts The Boston Non-importation Agreement Boston Massacre In a town meeting in Boston, merchants and traders agreed to boycott goods that were subject to England's Townshend Revenue Act until the duties (taxes) imposed on those goods were repealed. Some critical supplies, such as salt, hemp, and duck, were exempt from the boycott. Some sixty merchants signed the Boston Non-Importation Agreement on August 1, 1768, and within two weeks, all but sixteen of Boston's shopkeepers, traders, and merchants had joined the effort. Tradesmen and craftsmen soon joined the cause, since the protest would encourage their business. Within weeks and months, most of the major cities and many of the colonies subscribed to the non-importation movement. As in other areas, Boston led the way in fomenting opposition and protest to Parliament's taxing measures. The Boston Massacre was the killing of five colonists by British soldiers on March 5, It was the culmination of civilian-military tensions that had been growing since royal troops first appeared in Massachusetts in October 1768 to enforce the heavy tax burden imposed by the Townshend Acts. All victims of the Massacre, Crispus Attucks, Samuel Gray, James Caldwell, Samuel Maverick and Patrick Carr, were buried at Granary Burying Ground in Boston.

24 The Boston Tea Party The Gaspee Affair The Tea Act On June 9th, 1772 some American Patriots lured Commander Lt. William Dudingston of the British Navy to a sandbar. The Commander was known for harrassing and delaying ships. He was sent to enfore the Stamp act and prevent smuggling. The Patriots captured the crew. The next moring the ship was burned. The Patriots were never identified even though the Crown had offered a reward. This act helped spread a Patriotic spirit of unity. The Tea Act, passed by Parliament on May 10, 1773, would launch the final spark to the revolutionary movement in Boston. The act didn t actually raise taxes, as taxes were already being imposed. This act made it so the colonies could only receive and buy tea from one company. This would hurt merchants and the colonists felt it imposed again, on their rights. Colonists turned tea ships back, let cargo rot on the docks, prohibited unloading and boycotted the goods. Governor Thomas Hutchinson allowed three ships carrying tea to enter Boston Harbor. Before the tax could be collected, Bostonians took action. On a cold December night, radical townspeople stormed the ships and tossed 342 chests of tea into the water. Disguised as Native Americans, the offenders could not be identified. Painting c1892 by Charles DeWolfe Brownell, Courtesy RI Historical Society

25 Boston Port Act (Intolerable Act) Administration of Justice Act (Intolerable Act) March 31: This Act closed the Port of Boston. This stopped all good from going into and out of Boston. Bostonians are cut off from food and supplies and have to rely on neighboring towns to help them survive. May 20: Commonly called the Murdering Act because it took away American authority to enforce laws and put people on trial. This way Britain could ensure that trials went their way rather then the way of the Patriots. It was ultimately designed to help Britain maintain or regain power over the colonies Massachusetts Government Act (Intolerable Act) An Act for the better regulating the government of the province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. This completely took away all rights of selfgovernment in Boston. The governor and all officials were to be determined by the King. Quartering Act of 1774 (Intolerable Act) Unlike the previous quartering act, this one did not provide for provisions for the soldiers who were required to be quartered, or given a place to live. So the Governor would have to use any unoccupied building available to house soldiers as needed and provide necessities such as food, drink, and provisions as they were needed.

26 1774 Quebec Act (Intolerable Act) 1774 The First Continental Congress Declaration and Resolves 1774 The Association 1774 Galloway s Plan Rejected

27 Paul Revere's ride, Illustration. 208-FS (revolutionary_war_007.jpg) The first blow for liberty. Print by A.H. Ritchie. 200(S)-JH-3. (revolutionary_war_008.jpg)

28 Battle of Lexington. Drawing from engraving by Amos Doolittle, a Connecticut militiaman. 111-SC (revolutionary_war_009.jpg)

29 Retreat frnm Concord. Illustration. 66-G (revolutionary_war_010.jpg)