Global History (H2) Regents Practice Teachers' Answer Key. Social Studies Department Mr. Winograd, Assistant Principal

Transcription

1 Global History (H2) Teachers' Answer Key Social Studies Department Mr. Winograd, Assistant Principal

2 Byzantine Empire June The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilizations by (1) recognizing the Pope as the head of the Byzantine Church (2) preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage (3) establishing trade routes to the Americas (4) encouraging the spread of Buddhism Aug Which development in Russian history led to the other three? (1) Orthodox Christianity was adopted in Russia. (2) Trade developed along rivers linking Russia and the Byzantine Empire. (3) The Cyrillic alphabet became the basis of Russian written language. (4) Russian rulers took the title of czar, or caesar. June What is a major contribution of the Byzantine Empire to global history? (1) preservation of Greek and Roman culture (2) construction of the pyramids (3) expansion of equal rights (4) invention of writing June The fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Turks (1453) prompted Spain and Portugal to (1) seek new trade routes to East Asia (2) extend religious tolerance to Muslim peoples (3) reform their political systems (4) expand the Catholic Inquisition into the Middle East Aug One reason for the growth and success of 9thcentury cities such as Baghdad, Constantinople, and Ch ang- an (Xian) was that they (1) were part of the Roman Empire (2) tolerated religious diversity (3) traded only with people from their immediate region (4) were located on major trade routes

3 Byzantine Empire Jan After the western Roman Empire fell to Germanic invaders in the 5th century A.D., the eastern part of the empire eventually became known as the (1) Byzantine Empire (2) Carthaginian Empire (3) Islamic Empire (4) Persian Empire Aug Which action would best complete this partial outline? I. Byzantine Heritage A. Blended Christian beliefs with Greek art and philosophy B. Extended Roman engineering achievements C. Preserved literature and science textbooks D. (1) Adapted the Roman principles of justice (2) Used a senate as the chief governing body (3) Led crusades to capture Rome from the Huns (4) Helped maintain Roman rule over western Europe Jan Which empire had the greatest influence on the development of early Russia? (1) Roman (3) Egyptian (2) Byzantine (4) British Jan Constantinople s location on the Bosporus Strait was one reason that the Byzantine Empire was able to (1) conquer the Russian city of Moscow (2) spread Judaism throughout western Europe (3) control key trade routes between Europe and Asia (4) unite the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches Aug One of the major achievements of Byzantine Emperor Justinian was that he (1) established a direct trade route with Ghana (2) defended the empire against the spread of Islam (3) brought Roman Catholicism to his empire (4) preserved and transmitted Greek and Roman culture

4 Byzantine Empire Jan What is considered one of the Byzantine Empire s greatest contributions to western European society? (1) spreading Hinduism throughout the region (2) supporting the Catholic Church (3) defeating the Mongols at Kiev (4) preserving Greek and Roman culture

5 Byzantine Empire June Base your answer to this question on the graphic organizer below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which title best completes this graphic organizer? (1) Arab Accomplishments (2) Achievements of Meso- American Civilizations (3) Russian Law and Architecture (4) Byzantine Achievements

6 Byzantine Empire Eastern Orthodox Church June Which empire introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Cyrillic alphabet to Russia? 1 Mongol 3 British 2 Byzantine 4 Gupta Aug An important contribution of the Byzantine Empire to Russia is the establishment in Russia of 1. Orthodox Christianity 2.representative democracy 3.a free- market economy 4.a jury system Jan Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia? 1 Latin language 2 democratic ideas 3 Orthodox Christianity 4 silk cloth Jan The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Cyrillic alphabet originated in the Byzantine Empire. What does the practice of this religion and the use of this alphabet in Russia indicate? (1) Russia was conquered by the Byzantine Empire. (2) Russia s leaders eliminated the influence of the Mongols. (3) Russia was influenced by cultural diffusion. (4) Russia s geographic isolation led to cultural diversity. Aug Kievian Russia adopted the Eastern Orthodox religion, the Cyrillic alphabet, and different styles of art and architecture through contact with (1) traders from South Asia (2) conquering invaders from Mongolia (3) crusaders from western Europe (4) missionaries from the Byzantine Empire Aug Which group introduced the Cyrillic alphabet, Orthodox Christianity, and domed architecture to

7 Russian culture? (1) Mongols (3) Jews (2) Vikings (4) Byzantines Byzantine Empire Justinian Code June The importance of the Code of Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian Code is that they (1) established legal principles (2) instituted democratic governments (3) provided religious freedom (4) promoted equality for all classes June One way in which the Twelve Tables of Rome, the Code of Hammurabi, and the Justinian Code were similar is that they established (1) trade agreements with neighboring countries (2) tolerance for the different religions of their people (3) written legal systems (4) social class equality Jan One way in which the Twelve Tables and Justinian s Code were similar is that both provided (1) a standardized system of laws (2) a means of achieving social equality (3) the freedom to pursue their own religion (4) the right to a public education June The Twelve Tables, Justinian s Code, and the English Bill of Rights are similar in that each addresses the issue of (1) social mobility (2) economic development (3) the individual and the state (4) the importance of religion Jan The Justinian Code is considered a milestone because it (1) preserved many ancient Chinese legal decrees in writing (2) served as a model for European legal systems (3) became the first democratic constitution (4) united Muslim and Roman thought

8 Middle Ages Jan Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe during the Middle Ages? 1 The Church encouraged individuals to question authority. 2 Church leaders were only involved in spiritual activities. 3 The Church gained influence as people became more interested in secular affairs. 4 The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order. June One similarity between the social patterns in medieval Europe and those in colonial Latin America is that both societies (1) separated religion and politics (2) separated people into distinct classes (3) gave women the power to assume leadership positions (4) followed the rule of the majority Aug Which factor contributed to the decline in the power of the European nobles in the late Middle Ages? (1) decreasing importance of towns and cities (2) collapse of international trade (3) rise of nation- states (4) increase in the influence of serfs Aug The histories of the serfs in medieval Europe, the harijans in traditional India, and the native population in colonial Latin America are similar in that each group (1) used political power to improve living conditions (2) successfully revolted against rulers (3) was socially mobile (4) had little or no political power Jan The Peace of God declared that feudal warfare could not take place on church property, and it promised sanctuary in churches and abbeys to fugitives from combat. The Truce of God forbade fighting from Wednesday evening until Monday morning, on holidays, and during the religious seasons of Christmas and Lent.... Medieval and Early Modern Times This quotation implies that

9 (1) the church had considerable political power during this time (2) war was limited to religious holidays (3) religion was dictated by feudal law (4) landlords determined when warfare took place Middle Ages June One way in which the encomienda system and European feudalism were similar is that both (1) encouraged social mobility (2) created a class structure in which landowners held the power (3) resulted from the growth of the African slave trade (4) depended on extensive trade routes Aug During the early Middle Ages, western European societies were most influenced by (1) national monarchies (2) the Roman Catholic Church (3) elected parliaments (4) the Byzantine emperors Aug The caste system in India and the feudal system in Europe were similar in that both (1) provided structure for society (2) developed concepts of natural rights (3) established totalitarian governments (4) promoted peace and prosperity June During the feudal period in Europe, power and position in society were based on the (1) amount of money earned (2) level of education achieved (3) number of slaves owned (4) amount of land possessed Aug In western Europe, the Middle Ages began after the collapse of which empire? (1) Mughal (3) Ottoman (2) Roman (4) Byzantine

10 Middle Ages Feudalism - Comparative Jan One way in which the code of chivalry in Europe and the code of Bushido in Japan were similar is that both codes were intended to (1) help the ruler control his people (2) guide the behavior of a warrior class (3) benefit all the social classes (4) support revolutionary ideas Aug Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by (1) providing social stability (2) fostering the growth of religion (3) eliminating warfare (4) encouraging formal education Jan The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by (1) a decentralized political system (2) religious diversity (3) an increased emphasis on education (4) the development of a wealthy middle class Jan Which practice in medieval Europe was most similar to a Japanese warrior s code of bushido? (1) indulgences (3) chivalry (2) serfdom (4) tribute Aug Both European medieval knights and Japanese samurai warriors pledged oaths of (1) loyalty to their military leader (2) devotion to their nation- state (3) service to their church (4) allegiance to their families

11 Middle Ages Visuals Jan Base your answer to question 8 on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies. 8 The principal cause of the trend in England shown in the graph was (1) famine (3) immigration (2) disease (4) a lower birthrate June 2003 Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the illustration below and on your knowledge of social studies. 11 The illustration represents a society based on (1) social class (2) educational achievement (3) accumulated wealth (4) political ability 12 This illustration suggests that the European feudal system was (1) designed to promote political and economic equality (2) controlled by a powerful middle class (3) intended to provide opportunities for social mobility (4) supported by the labor of the peasants

12 Middle Ages Visuals Regents Practice Aug Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 11 One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and the Italian city- states was that both were (1) protected by mountains (2) isolated from the rest of Europe (3) accessible by water (4) close to a network of navigable rivers 12 Which economic practice developed as a result of the growth of the trade routes shown on the map? (1) capitalism (2) hunting and gathering (3) subsistence farming (4) manorialism Jan Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social studies. 11 Most economic activities on this feudal manor were related to (1) guilds (3) banking (2) industry (4) agriculture 12 Which economic concept can be inferred from this diagram? (1) self- sufficiency (2) inflation (3) trade embargo (4) competition

13 Crusades June Which historical events are in the correct chronological order? 1 Crusades Renaissance Neolithic Revolution Roman Empire 2 Roman Empire Neolithic Revolution Crusades Renaissance 3 Renaissance Neolithic Revolution Crusades Roman Empire 4 Neolithic Revolution Roman Empire Crusades Renaissance Aug A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades ( ) was to 1. establish Christianity in western Europe 2.capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers 3.unite warring Arab peoples 4.strengthen English dominance in the Arab world June Which situation is considered a cause of the other three? (1) development of a European middle class (2) increase in European demand for Eastern goods (3) European renewal of interest in learning (4) European involvement in the Crusades Aug A direct result of the Crusades was that (1) the pope lost control of the Church (2) Europeans increased their demands for goods from the East (3) Christians gained permanent control of the Holy Land (4) nobles gained power over the monarchs Jan Base your answer to question 8 on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. Come then, with all your people and give battle with all your strength, so that all this treasure shall not fall into the hands of the Turks.... Therefore act while there is still time lest the kingdom of the Christians shall vanish from your sight.... And in your coming you will find your reward in heaven.... Emperor Alexius Comnenus, quoted in The Dream and the Tomb 8 Which event is referred to in this quotation?

14 (1) Enlightenment (3) Glorious Revolution (2) French Revolution (4) Crusades June One result of the Crusades was an increase in trade between the Middle East and (1) East Asia (3) North America (2) Africa (4) Europe Crusades Jan Which heading would be best for the partial outline below? I. A. Desire to be released from feudal obligations B. Defense of the Holy Land C. Forgiveness of sins D. Desire for wealth from the Middle East (1) Reasons for the Reformation (2) European Motives for Fighting the Crusades (3) Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire (4) Reasons for the Split Between the Eastern and Western Churches Aug Christian warriors, He who gave His life for you, today demands yours in return. These are combats worthy of you, combats in which it is glorious to conquer and advantageous to die.illustrious knights, generous defenders of the Cross, remember the examples of your fathers who conquered Jerusalem, and whose names are inscribed in Heaven; abandon then the things that perish, to gather unfading palms, and conquer a Kingdom which has no end. St. Bernard of Clairvaux This statement was most likely used to encourage people to (1) repel a Viking invasion (2) stop advancement of the Huns in Europe (3) join the Crusades (4) force Russians to convert to Catholicism Aug Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of the (1) Crusades and eastern Mediterranean trading networks (2) merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution (3) Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange (4) conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along the Silk Road June Revival of trade in western Europe, decline of feudalism,

15 revival of interest in learning, and cultural interaction with the Middle East are associated with the (1) impact of the Crusades (2) effects of the barter system (3) growth of the Maya Empire (4) rise of Charlemagne Crusades Jan Which circumstance best describes a long- term result of the Crusades? (1) Muslim control of Jerusalem ended. (2) Feudalism began in western Europe. (3) Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew. (4) Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace.

16 Japan Geography June Which geographic characteristic is shared by both Greece and Japan? (1) navigable rivers (2) irregular coastline (3) tropical rain forests (4) abundant mineral resources June Which fact relating to early Japan was a result of the other three? (1) Japan experienced earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. (2) The Japanese developed a nature- based belief called Shinto. (3) Tsunamis and typhoons sometimes destroyed coastal Japanese villages. (4) Mountains are found throughout the islands of Japan. June 2005 Base your answer to question 2 on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. The fertile soil of river valleys allowed early civilizations to develop and flourish. In the 1500s and 1600s, control of the Strait of Malacca determined who traded in the Spice Islands. Because Japan is an island that is mostly mountainous, people live in densely populated areas along the coast. 2 Which conclusion is best supported by these statements? (1) Major urban centers are found only along rivers. (2) The geography of a nation or region influences its development. (3) Without mountains and rivers, people cannot develop a culture. (4) The spread of new ideas is discouraged by trade and conquest. June Both Inca farmers and Japanese farmers adapted a geographic feature of their countries by (1) engaging in overseas expansion

17 (2) growing crops suited to desert climates (3) building terraces into the mountainsides (4) reclaiming land from the sea by building dikes Jan Which statement about the geography of Japan is most accurate? (1) Location has made it easy to invade. (2) The irregular coastline has many natural harbors. (3) Large plains are its primary physical feature. (4) Earthquakes do not threaten the islands. Japan Culture Aug Historians are interested in studying Maya ruins in Mexico, the haiku poetry of Japan, and the music of Chopin because such cultural and intellectual developments 1 reflect the values of that society 2 illustrate the economic status of individuals in that society 3 help to explain the role of geography in that society 4 reveal the political structure of that society Jan Carefully drawn calligraphy, Zen gardens, and the tea ceremony are examples of (1) artifacts of Mansa Musa s Timbuktu (2) the accomplishments of the Protestant Reformation (3) early Japanese culture (4) the achievements of Renaissance Florence Aug Many of Africa s traditional musical instruments are made of gourds and shells. Ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus, a reed found growing near the Nile River. A major feature of Japanese art is the relationship between humans and nature. Which concept is illustrated in these statements? (1) role of education in the ancient world (2) development of traditional government (3) effect of artistic expression on religion (4) impact of geography on cultural development Aug Which two cultures most influenced the development of early Japan? (1) Greek and Roman (2) Chinese and Korean (3) Egyptian and Mesopotamian

18 (4) Indian and Persian Japan Religion June One similarity between Japanese Shintoism and African animism is the belief that (1) everything in nature has a spirit and should be respected (2) only one God exists in the universe (3) people s moral conduct determines their afterlife (4) religious statues should be erected to honor the gods Jan Shintoism and animism share a belief in the importance of (1) reincarnation (3) holy books (2) spirits in nature (4) missionaries Aug Which belief is shared by an African who practices animism and a Japanese who practices Shinto? (1) Only one God rules the universe. (2) Periodic fasting is essential to spiritual purity. (3) Spirits exist in both living and nonliving things. (4) All suffering is caused by desire and selfishness. Jan Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature? (1) Shinto and animism (3) Judaism and Christianity (2) Hinduism and Confucianism (4) Islam and Buddhism June Which pair of belief systems share a belief that spirits reside in natural objects and forms? (1) Hinduism and Confucianism (3) Shintoism and animism (2) Islam and Judaism (4) Christianity and Buddhism Aug One similarity between animism and Shinto is that people who follow these belief systems

19 (1) practice filial piety (2) worship spirits in nature (3) are monotheistic (4) are required to make pilgrimages Aug Buddhist temples are found in Japan. Most Indonesians study the Koran. Catholicism is the dominant religion in Latin America. These statements illustrate a result of (1) westernization (3) economic nationalism (2) cultural diffusion (4) fundamentalism Japan Ethnocentric Aug Throughout much of history, both China and Japan held a common view that other nations were 1 valued sources of worthwhile knowledge 2 envoys of an advanced civilization 3 barbarians not worthy of their attention 4 sources of cheap labor and goods

20 Japan Isolation Jan Base your answer to question 14 on the information below and on your knowledge of social studies. Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries. No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. The ship so involved must be impounded and its owner arrested, and the matter must be reported to the higher authority. If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death.... Any informer revealing the whereabouts of the followers of padres (Christians) must be rewarded accordingly. If anyone reveals the whereabouts of a high ranking padre, he must be given one hundred pieces of silver. For those of lower ranks, depending on the deed, the reward must be set accordingly.... Source: David John Lu, Sources of Japanese History, McGraw-Hill 14 These rules reflect the Japanese policy of (1) totalitarianism (2) appeasement (3) interdependence (4) isolationism

21 Japanese Feudalism Jan One way in which the code of chivalry in Europe and the code of Bushido in Japan were similar is that both codes were intended to (1) help the ruler control his people (2) guide the behavior of a warrior class (3) benefit all the social classes (4) support revolutionary ideas Aug Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by (1) providing social stability (2) fostering the growth of religion (3) eliminating warfare (4) encouraging formal education Jan The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by (1) a decentralized political system (2) religious diversity (3) an increased emphasis on education (4) the development of a wealthy middle class Jan Which practice in medieval Europe was most similar to a Japanese warrior s code of bushido? (1) indulgences (3) chivalry (2) serfdom (4) tribute Aug Both European medieval knights and Japanese samurai warriors pledged oaths of (1) loyalty to their military leader

22 (2) devotion to their nation- state (3) service to their church (4) allegiance to their families Japanese Feudalism Jan Base your answer to question 6 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social studies.

23 6 Which type of political and social order is shown in this diagram? (1) theocratic (3) fascist (2) tribal (4) feudal China Geography June Which geographic factor had the greatest influence on the early history of South Asia and China? (1) river valleys (3) vast coastlines (2) island locations (4) tropical rain forests Jan Before the use of the Silk Road, how did geography affect early China? (1) The mountains and deserts in western and southwestern China slowed the exchange of ideas. (2) The northwestern region provided many fertile areas suitable for farming. (3) The three major river systems provided barriers against invasion. (4) The lack of deep- water ports on the eastern coast prevented China from developing trade with other nations. Jan The ancient cultures of both the Incas and the Chinese adapted to the physical geography of their region by (1) developing terrace farming on hillsides (2) building chariots to protect their open plains against invaders (3) becoming maritime traders (4) constructing harbors to encourage exploration

24 China Geography Jan Base your answers to questions 35 and 36 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

25 35 Which Chinese city shown on this map is located closest to the equator? (1) Beijing (3) Shanghai (2) Chengdu (4) Hong Kong 36 Which conclusion is best supported by the map? (1) The Gobi Desert is located in southern China. (2) Many mineral resources are located along the East China Sea. (3) The least populated areas in China are found in the north and west. (4) Beijing is one of China s busiest seaports. China Geography Aug Base your answer to question 45 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 45 Which inference is best supported with information provided on the map?

26 (1) Most of China s people live in the eastern part of the country. (2) Much of China has a climate that is too hot to allow farming. (3) China has more people than its land can support. (4) Most Chinese people make a living working in factories. China Ethnocentric Aug Throughout much of history, both China and Japan held a common view that other nations were 1 valued sources of worthwhile knowledge 2 envoys of an advanced civilization 3 barbarians not worthy of their attention 4 sources of cheap labor and goods June The countries beyond the horizon and from the ends of the Earth have all become subjects and to the most western of the western or the most northern of the northern countries however far away they may be. Ming dynasty official The intent of this statement about the Ming dynasty was to (1) demonstrate supremacy and strength in China (2) control the Mongols (3) stop European imperialism (4) impose Chinese culture and slavery on neighboring countries

27 China Silk Road Aug One reason for the growth and success of 9th century cities such as Baghdad, Constantinople, and Ch ang- an (Xian) was that they (1) were part of the Roman Empire (2) tolerated religious diversity (3) traded only with people from their immediate region (4) were located on major trade routes Aug Developed a tribute system Reestablished trade along the Silk Roads Created an empire from Eastern Europe to the Pacific coast of Asia Which group was responsible for the results described above? (1) Huns (3) Koreans (2) Japanese (4) Mongols June The Silk Road was important because it allowed for the (1) exploration of China by the Roman Army (2) development of agriculture by the nomadic people of Central Asia (3) movement of Chinese armies through Southeast Asia (4) exchange of goods between Asia and the Middle East

28 China Silk Road - Maps Regents Practice June 2002 Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 9 Which conclusion is supported by information provided by the map? (1) Traders depended mainly on rivers as avenues of transportation. (2) More products were carried on the ocean than across the land. (3) Silk was the principal product traded. (4) Traders often combined sea and land routes. 10 Which concept is illustrated by the map? (1) socialism (3) self- sufficiency (2) interdependence (4) cultural isolation Jan Base your answer to question 16 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 16 According to the map, which conclusion about China during the Tang and Song dynasties is accurate? (1) Most trade routes began in Beijing. (2) China s overland trade routes connected China

29 to Japan. (3) The areas under the control of these dynasties did not change. (4) China traded extensively with other nations and regions. June 2005 Base your answer to question 7 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 7 The technology of papermaking traveled from China to Baghdad along the (1) Saharan caravan trails (3) Silk Roads (2) Trans- Siberian Railway (4) Suez Canal China Achievements Jan Block printing, gunpowder, and the abacus were developed. Porcelain making and black- ink painting on silk paper were perfected. The compass was discovered and used to improve the determination of direction when sailing. These advances are associated with the (1) Tang and Sung dynasties of China (2) Gupta Empire in India (3) Ghana and Mali civilizations of Africa (4) Byzantine Empire in the Middle East

30 China Mongols Aug A similarity of the rule of the ancient Mongols and the ancient Greeks is that both 1 protected the human rights of the peoples they controlled 2 destroyed the civilizations they defeated 3 remained isolated and peaceful for centuries 4 established vast empires and spread their cultures to the people they conquered Jan Which statement supports the claim that diversity was an important characteristic of the Mongol Empire ( )? 1 All people in the Mongol Empire were Hindu. 2 The Mongol Empire ruled peoples from China, Russia, eastern Europe, and India. 3 Genghis Khan organized a network of communication across the Empire. 4 The Mongol Empire covered only central Asia. June Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols? (1) avoiding contacts with the West (2) paying monetary tribute to local rulers (3) employing superior military skills (4) converting conquered peoples to Confucianism

31 Jan In less than 50 years, it was the largest unified land empire in history. In 1279, it was the first foreign group to gain complete control of China. It made the caravan routes across Asia safe for trade and travel. When attempting to conquer Japan in 1274 and 1281, its fleets were destroyed by storms. Which empire is most closely associated with these statements? (1) Persian (3) Ottoman (2) Gupta (4) Mongol Aug Some historians suggest that as a result of the Mongol invasions of Russia, the Russian people were (1) united with the Ottomans (3) freed from serfdom (2) converted to Christianity (4) cut off from most of western Europe June One similarity in the rule of Julius Caesar, Genghis Khan, and Catherine the Great is that each leader (1) required the use of Latin throughout the empire (2) engaged in territorial expansion (3) introduced the use of gunpowder in warfare (4) encouraged the spread of independence movements China Mongols - Maps Jan Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 9 The purpose of the Great Wall was to (1) protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes of northern and central Asia (2) supply food from the south to Khanbalik (Beijing) (3) control the flood waters of the Huang He and the Chang Jiang rivers (4) protect the port city of Guangzhou 10 Which statement is best supported by the information on this map? (1) By 1300, the Mongol Empire had reached the Red Sea. (2) The Mongol Empire controlled India and Japan by (3) By 1300, most of Europe had been conquered by the Mongols. (4) The Mongol Empire controlled a large portion of Asia by June 2003

32 Base your answers to questions 7 and 8 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 7 The information provided by the map indicates that in 1280 the Mongols controlled (1) areas of Africa, Asia, and Europe (2) territory from eastern China to eastern Europe (3) Japan and Korea (4) all of Asia 8 What was the effect of the extensive Mongol Empire on the people who lived in Europe and Asia in the 1200s? (1) development of a common language (2) adoption of Confucian ideas and practices (3) expansion of Japanese cultural traditions (4) significant increases in trade and travel China Mongols - Maps Regents Practice June 2005 Base your answer to question 12 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 12 Which statement about the Mongols is supported by the information in the map? (1) The Yuan dynasty kept China isolated from outside influence. (2) Most of the Chinese people lived in the river valleys. (3) Kublai Khan and Genghis Khan extended Mongol influence to other parts of Asia. (4) The city of Samarkand was part of the Yuan Empire. June 2006 Base your answer to question 48 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

33 48 Which empire is the focus of this map? (1) Mongol (3) Roman (2) Songhai (4) Persian China Marco Polo Regents Practice June Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo were similar in that both (1) ruled over vast empires that included diverse peoples (2) produced written records of their extensive travels (3) converted thousands of people to Christianity (4) fought to free their people from Mongol rule Jan The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the (1) introduction of gunpowder to China (2) decline of Mongol rule in China (3) expansion of trade between China and Europe (4) use of Confucian teachings in Europe Jan The travels of Marco Polo and of Ibn Battuta were similar in that these travels (1) led to nationalistic movements (2) helped to spread the ideas of religious leaders (3) stimulated the expansion of trade (4) supported democratic forms of government

34 Jan Historians value the writings of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta because they (1) serve as primary sources about trade and culture (2) provide the basis for European holy books (3) include advice on how to be a democratic ruler (4) present unbiased views of life in Africa and Asia June What was a long- term impact of Marco Polo s trips to China? (1) The Silk Roads replaced the all- water route to Asia. (2) The Chinese forced the Europeans to trade only in Peking. (3) China was isolated from other countries. (4) Trade increased between China and Europe. Jan What was one long- term impact of Marco Polo s visit to China? (1) The Chinese began construction of the Great Wall. (2) The principle of divine right was introduced to China. (3) Christianity rapidly spread throughout the Yuan Empire. (4) Europeans increased trade with China. Zheng He June The journals of early travelers such as Ibn Battuta of Morocco, Zheng He of China, and Mansa Musa of Mali are examples of (1) primary sources describing observations of the travelers (2) works of fiction intended to describe the adventures of the travelers (3) secondary sources that record the travelers interpretations of history (4) outdated resources for historical research Aug Zheng He contributed to the prosperity of China under the Ming dynasty by (1) defeating the Manchu invaders (2) constructing the Great Wall along the northern frontier (3) expanding trade with nations of Asia and Africa (4) establishing colonies in Korea and Japan

35 Zheng He Maps Regents Practice Jan Base your answer to question 20 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 20 Which conclusion can be made about the Ming dynasty of China as a result of the travels of Zheng He? (1) China profited more from African trade than from Asian trade. (2) Islam became the dominant religion of China. (3) The Ming dynasty established trade routes to Europe. (4) Advanced navigation technology was available in China. June 2003 Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 18 Which statement can best be supported by the information

36 on the map? (1) The Portuguese taught the Chinese their sailing knowledge. (2) Portugal and China practiced isolationism throughout the 15th century. (3) Only the Portuguese explored the east coast of Africa. (4) The Portuguese and the Chinese were active explorers. 19 Which two explorers are associated with the travels shown on the map? (1) Ferdinand Magellen and Matthew Perry (2) Christopher Columbus and Genghis Khan (3) Vasco de Gama and Zheng He (4) Francisco Pizarro and Marco Polo Zheng He Maps Aug Base your answer to question 17 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 17 Based on this map, which statement is accurate concerning China between 1400 and 1500? (1) Most of China s commerce was conducted on overland trade routes. (2) China remained isolated from outside contacts. (3) The Ming dynasty traded more with Persia than with any other culture. (4) China interacted and traded with many diverse cultures.

37 June 2004 Base your answer to question 21 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 21 Which conclusion is best supported by the map? (1) Eastern Chinese cities had extensive contact with the Persian Empire in (2) Rivers and mountains prevented the expansion of overland Chinese trade. (3) The Chinese came into contact with peoples of other cultures between 1405 and (4) China was isolated from outside contact under the rulers of the Ming Empire. Zheng He Maps Regents Practice Aug Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

38 8 The map shows that on his voyages, Zheng He explored (1) both the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans (2) at the same time as the Spanish explorers (3) lands in the Western Hemisphere (4) Arabia and the east coast of Africa 9 One result of the voyages of Zheng He was that (1) Chinese merchants began trading with Africa (2) Christian missionaries arrived in China (3) Indian artisans showed the Chinese how to make Ming porcelain (4) China set up colonies in Europe Bubonic Plague June Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14th-century Europe and in 16th- and 17thcentury North and South America? (1) rise of nation-states (2) outbreak of the Black Death and smallpox (3) fall of Constantinople (4) introduction of new military technologies June Tedious were it to recount, how citizen avoided citizen, how among neighbours was scarce found any that shewed fellow- feeling for another, how kinsfolk held aloof, and never met, or but rarely; enough that this sore affliction entered so deep into the minds of men and women, that in the horror thereof brother was forsaken by brother, nephew by uncle, brother by sister, and oftentimes husband by wife; nay, what is more,

39 and scarcely to be believed, fathers and mothers were found to abandon their own children, untended, unvisited, to their fate, as if they had been strangers.... Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron The author of this passage was describing the (1) breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague (2) power of special courts during the Inquisition (3) treatment of native peoples in Latin American nations (4) outcome of the famine in Ireland in the 1890s Jan s Mongols, merchants, and other travelers carried disease along trade routes west of China The plague reached the Black Sea ports of Caffa and Tana Italian merchants fled plague- infected Black Sea ports The plague became an epidemic in most of western Europe. Which conclusion can be made based on these statements? (1) The plague primarily affected China. (2) The interaction of people spread the plague. (3) Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague. (4) The plague started in western Europe. Bubonic Plague Jan Which cause- and- effect relationship is accurate? (1) The Russian Revolution led to an absolute monarchy. (2) Enlightenment thoughts led to manorialism. (3) The Black Plague led to labor shortages. (4) The Commercial Revolution led to the creation of traditional economies.

40 Bubonic Plague Visuals Jan Base your answer to question 17 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 17 Which groups of people were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death? (1) merchants and pilgrims (3) missionaries and slave traders (2) bankers and explorers (4) soldiers and diplomats

41 Jan Base your answer to question 8 on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies. 8 The principal cause of the trend in England shown in the graph was (1) famine (3) immigration (2) disease (4) a lower birthrate Bubonic Plague Visuals Aug Base your answer to question 17 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 17 Which area of Europe was least affected by the Black Death? (1) southwestern Europe (3) eastern Europe (2) Mediterranean Coast (4) British Isles

42 June 2006 Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 14 Which geographic theme is the focus of this map? (1) Regions: How They Form and Change (2) Movement: Humans Interacting on Earth (3) Location: Position on the Earth s Surface (4) Place: Physical and Human Characteristics 15 The map shows that the Black Death (1) began in England and Ireland and then spread eastward (2) spread slowly over several decades (3) affected most areas of western Europe (4) was most severe in Italy Age of Exploration Regents Practice Jan Which statement best illustrates the concept of European mercantilism during the Age of Exploration? (1) England encouraged free trade among its colonies. (2) Spain reduced exports to its South American colonies. (3) Portugal sought trade benefits from its colonial possessions. (4) France refused to give financial support to weak national industries. Jan During the 1500s, technological advances in navigation, naval engineering, and mapmaking contributed directly to the start of the (1) Gupta Empire (3) Age of Exploration

43 (2) Mongol Empire (4) medieval guilds June Invention of the compass and astrolabe European dependence on spices from Asia Rise of nation- states in Europe These developments influenced the start of the (1) Crusades (3) Reformation (2) Renaissance (4) Age of Exploration June The major reason that Portugal and Spain established water routes to Asia s spice markets was to (1) experiment with new technology such as the astrolabe and sextant (2) provide jobs for navigators, cartographers, and shipbuilders (3) avoid the overland routes that were controlled by Muslim traders (4) discover new continents, plants, and animals Aug The encomienda system in Latin America was a direct result of the (1) Crusades (3) Reformation (2) Age of Exploration (4) Age of Reason June During the 15th century, which two European countries began sea voyages of exploration? (1) Germany and Italy (3) England and France (2) Portugal and Spain (4) Russia and the Netherlands Age of Exploration Maps Jan Base your answer to question 21 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 21 What was a result of the explorers voyages illustrated on this map? (1) Europe became increasingly isolated. (2) European trade with Africa and South America increased. (3) Southeast Asia became Europe s greatest trading partner. (4) European nations created colonial governments throughout central Asia.

44 June 2003 Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 18 Which statement can best be supported by the information on the map? (1) The Portuguese taught the Chinese their sailing knowledge. (2) Portugal and China practiced isolationism throughout the 15th century. (3) Only the Portuguese explored the east coast of Africa. (4) The Portuguese and the Chinese were active explorers. 19 Which two explorers are associated with the travels shown on the map? (1) Ferdinand Magellen and Matthew Perry (2) Christopher Columbus and Genghis Khan (3) Vasco de Gama and Zheng He (4) Francisco Pizarro and Marco Polo Columbian Exchange Aug Which statement about the Columbian exchange is a fact rather than an opinion? (1) The Columbian exchange had a positive effect on the Americas. (2) The Columbian exchange benefited Europe more than it benefited the Americas. (3) The Columbian exchange brought new foods and products to Europe and the Americas. (4) The Columbian exchange created a modern Europe. June 2003

45 16 The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas is known as the (1) Scientific Revolution (3) New Imperialism (2) Columbian Exchange (4) Middle Passage June Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans? (1) The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth. (2) New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague. (3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs. (4) Cross- cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined. Jan Maize and potatoes were grown in Europe. Millions of Africans suffered during the Middle Passage. Smallpox had devastating effects on indigenous peoples. Spanish language is used in much of Latin America. Which global interaction is illustrated by these statements? (1) Silk Road trade (3) Columbian Exchange (2) Crusades (4) Scramble for Africa June 2006 Base your answer to question 21 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social studies. 21 What is the best title for this diagram? (1) Encomienda System (3) Silk Road (2) Columbian Exchange (4) Open Door policy Mercantilism Aug The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the 1 Age of Exploration 3 Cold War 2 Enlightenment 4 Green Revolution June Under the policy of mercantilism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be (1) independent nations that traded throughout

46 the world (2) independent nations that had special relationships with European powers (3) possessions to benefit the imperial power (4) possessions being prepared for independence Aug The term mercantilism is defined as an economic system in which (1) prices are determined by the laws of supply and demand (2) colonies exist for the benefit of the colonial power (3) factors of production are owned by the government (4) the proletariat benefit at the expense of the bourgeoisie Jan Which statement best illustrates the concept of European mercantilism during the Age of Exploration? (1) England encouraged free trade among its colonies. (2) Spain reduced exports to its South American colonies. (3) Portugal sought trade benefits from its colonial possessions. (4) France refused to give financial support to weak national industries. June 2005 Base your answer to question 47 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 47 The routes shown on the map reflect Atlantic trade during the (1) Hellenistic Period (3) Early Middle Ages (2) Roman Empire (4) Age of Mercantilism Mercantilism Jan What was one goal of mercantilism? (1) removal of trade barriers (2) elimination of private property (3) establishment of subsistence agriculture (4) creation of a favorable balance of trade

47 Trade Routes Visuals June 2002 Base your answer to question 16 on the graphic organizer below and on your knowledge of social studies. 16 Which title best completes this graphic organizer? (1) Centers of World Trade

48 (2) Latin American Societies (3) Cities of Origin for Major Religions (4) Sites of Early Civilization Aug 2003 Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 11 One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and the Italian city- states was that both were (1) protected by mountains (2) isolated from the rest of Europe (3) accessible by water (4) close to a network of navigable rivers 12 Which economic practice developed as a result of the growth of the trade routes shown on the map? (1) capitalism (2) hunting and gathering (3) subsistence farming (4) manorialism Jan Base your answer to question 18 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 18 Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map? (1) Africa was Europe s most active trading partner. (2) The Hanseatic League controlled trade in the Black Sea. (3) Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes. (4) A vast network of trade routes connected the centers of trade in Europe. Trade Routes Visuals Regents Practice June 2005 Base your answer to question 47 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 47 The routes shown on the map reflect Atlantic trade

49 during the (1) Hellenistic Period (3) Early Middle Ages (2) Roman Empire (4) Age of Mercantilism Commercial Revolution June The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds contributed to the start of the (1) Renaissance (3) Enlightenment (2) Agricultural Revolution (4) Commercial Revolution

50 June In Europe, joint stock companies, shareholders, entrepreneurs, and the bourgeoisie contributed to the (1) rise of capitalism (3) decline of communism (2) development of feudalism (4) increase in power of the guilds Jan During the Commercial Revolution, where did trading centers most often develop? (1) in the mountains (3) along waterways (2) near grasslands (4) on the tundra Jan The terms cottage industries, mercantilism, guilds, and laissez- faire are most closely associated with (1) political systems (3) economic systems (2) social systems (4) belief systems June The Commercial Revolution helped lead to the Industrial Revolution because during the Commercial Revolution (1) the barter system was instituted (2) new forms of business were developed (3) socialism was introduced to Europe (4) subsistence agriculture was promoted Aug Base your answer to question 49 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.... Our foundation rests upon trade, because, as you see, we have a large part of our capital invested [in it]. And therefore we shall have little for exchange operations, and we are forced to exert our ingenuity elsewhere. This, however, in my opinion, does not involve greater risk than one incurs in exchanges today, especially when no risks at sea are run [That is, when shipments by sea are insured.]; nor does it bring smaller profits. And [trade operations] are more legal and more honorable. In them we shall so govern ourselves that every day you will have more reason to be content; may God grant us His grace.... Source: Letter to the home office of the Medici from branch office at Bruges, May 14, 1464 (adapted) 49 This passage best illustrates circumstances that characterized the (1) Crusades (3) Commercial Revolution (2) Age of Reason (4) Scientific Revolution Gutenberg Printing Press June The printing press, the astrolabe, and the Mercator projection were technological advances