Key Concepts in Physical Education

Transcription

1 Competence Performance Have learned the skills needed for the activity e.g. shooting in basketball or cartwheel in gymnastics Be physically fit enough to be able to perform e.g.. Not get tired, be able to keep up with play. To have the right mental approach e.g.. determination to complete the activity or to win Definition The relationship between skill, the selection and application of skills, tactics and compositional ideas and the readiness of body and mind to cope with physical activity. Creativity Key Concepts in Physical Education Using your imagination and trying different ideas to find the best way to do something, eg using different techniques, trying new tactics, choreographing sequences of moves Definition Exploring and experimenting with techniques, tactic and compositional ideas to produce an effective and efficient outcome How well a task is completed, so performance can be good, average, poor etc. Combines physical ability. skills, knowledge and understanding Definition Using physical competence with knowledge and understanding to produce effective outcomes when participating in physical activity Healthy Active Lifestyles There is a link between physical activity and how healthy you are The more you exercise the better you feel both physically and emotionally Definition Understanding the positive contribution that regular exercise makes to the physical and mental health of the individual

2 Making and Applying Decisions To be able to use tactics in a game eg in basketball whether to pass or shoot To be able to use strategies to help you win e.g. making substitutions in basketball or setting a filed in rounders Using compositional ideas, eg choosing the best moves to show the judges in a gymnastics competition Making informed choices about Healthy Lifestyles Developing Skills Learning new skills Adapting skills you already have e.g. shooting in basketball to shooting in netball Improving control, accuracy and fluency Key Processes in Physical Education Evaluating and Improving Developing Physical and Mental Capacity Improving the components of fitness, strength, stamina, speed and flexibility so that you can cope with the demands of activities eg. Having the stamina to keep up with a game of ruby of the spped to get to a ball in tennis. Having the determination to work hard to succeed. Having the motivation to train to improve skills and fitness The amount of exercise you take The type of exercise you do eg distance running to improve your cardiovascular system. Understanding how lifestyle choices such as diet, smoking, work and rest affect our health Being able to look at a performance and identify the strengths and weaknesses Being able to action plan how to help them improve To be able to set SMARTER goals to help someone improve

3 Fundamental motor Skills The basic skills upon which more advanced skills are developed Running Throwing Catching Jumping Kicking Hitting Developing skills and Techniques Motor Skills A skill is a learned ability A motor skill involves movement Gross motor skills involve large muscle groups eg handstand Fine motor skills involve small muscle groups eg a gesture in dance Skillfulness involves consistency, fluency control and precision. Examples of FMS in sport Running sprinting, marathon, running to get to a ball, running to make a tackle Throwing shot, discus, javelin, passing in netball, throwing ball up to serve in tennis Catching ball in cricket, rounders, rugby, basketball, goalkeeper in football Jumping long jump, high jump, to get rebound in netball, to head a ball in football vaulting Kicking ball in football, rugby, kick to handstand in gymnastics Hitting ball in hockey, rounders, cricket, tennis, boxing

4 Amount of force exerted by a muscle or group of muscles Sports examples Gymnastics, Rugby, Weight Lifting, Shot putt Lifestyle example to be able to lift and carry heavy objects safely. Tests Grip dynamometer, 1 rep max on resistance machine Strength Suppleness (flexibility) Range of movement of a joint Sports examples Gymnastics, Dance, Trampolining, Tae kwon do Lifestyle example to be able to reach for things Test Sit and reach Time taken to cover a specified distance (distance/time) Sports examples Sprinting, Cycling, Speed skating Lifestyle example to get a job done quickly Tests 3om sprint, 100m sprint Physical and Mental Capacity Components of Fitness Speed Muscular Endurance Ability of a muscle or group of muscles to exercise without tiring Sports examples Skiing, Rowing, Swimming, Hill walking Lifestyle example to be able to carry out repetitive tasks without tiring Tests Abdominal Curl test Cardiovascular Endurance Ability of the heart, lungs, blood vessels and blood to supply the muscles with fuel and oxygen without tiring. Sport examples, Distance Running, Football, Rugby, Hockey Lifestyle example To be able to complete a job and not be tired Tests Cooper 12 min run, Multi Stage Fitness Test

5 Levels of Skill Novice a beginner, they will not perform the skill consistently or fluently. Outcome will be varied. Elite performer will make the skill look easy and effortless, will have the desired outcome most of the time Characteristics of Skilful Movement Co-ordinated the muscles working together to provide movement Aesthetic the way movement looks Pre-determined the outcome happening as it should Fluency smooth, controlled movements Efficiency-without wasting energy Evaluating and Improving Performance and Outcome Goals Outcome goals This is related to your performance versus others eg To win a medal in a competition To finish top of the league and gain promotion They can be outside of your control because you cannot control the opposition! Performance goals These are specific to the performer and are to do with improving personal performance eg To run 100m in less than 11 seconds To be able to somersault on the trampoline To achieve level 12 in the bleep test To get 70% of first serves in They are more flexible and within the control of the performer and coach. Assessing readiness for exercise and training Health Screening Blood Pressure, BMI, Resting Heart Rate Fitness testing Speed, Stamina, Strength, Flexibility, test protocols Family History Disability, Illness, Eating Disorders etc Regularity of exercise amount and type Lifestyle choices diet, smoking, alcohol, drugs, stress

6 Indicators of Health and Wellbeing Positive mental health Frequency of positive & negative feelings Access to green spaces Level of participation in other activities Frequency of feelings which have an impact on wellbeing Factors affecting performance Age Gender Disability Smoking Alcohol Over & under eating Performance Enhancing drugs Characteristics of active, healthy lifestyle Non smoker Active for age group 5 x 1hour of exercise per week for school age Balanced diet Limited alcohol No drug taking Making Informed Choices about Active Healthy Lifestyles Methods of exercise and training methods Dance exercise Pilates Yoga Spin Circuit training Body pump Aerobics/aqua aerobics Diet Components of food Carbohydrates provide energy, starches such as rice, pasta, bread, potatoes slow release energy; sugars glucose and sucrose quick release energy, important for endurance events (carb loading) Fats, oils, butter, high energy foods should be limited in a healthy diet, saturated (animal) fats can cause high cholesterol levels Protein builds & repair muscle fibre, found in meat, fish, beans and lentils, needed for power/ strength events Water needed to prevent dehydration Fibre needed to aid digestion Vitamins and Minerals needed in small amounts to keep the body healthy

7 Reasons for participation (Positive) Health reasons: weight management, life expectancy, stress, wellbeing, illness Image Social/friendship Vocation (jobs in sport) Hobby Enjoyment Parental or Role Model Influences Identification and description of pathways for involvement in physical activity Reasons for non participation (negative) Health or disability Injury Peer pressure Cultural Other pressures & influences The technological sedentary lifestyle Discrimination Lack of confidence Lack of opportunity Lack of role model/parental support Opportunities, pathways & participation in P.E. Specific, social, cultural & locational reasons affecting participation Age Gender Ethnicity Family Education Disability Religion Environment Climate School influences on participation Regularly getting involved in sport, P.E and physical activity Taking part in school and community sport Working towards accreditation as a leader, official, coach or performer Routes into sport and physical activity through volunteering Reaching the highest standards of involvement in physical activity Becoming involved in increasingly complex activities. How the National Curriculum helps to promote participation Developing Skills (being skilful enough to participate) Making informed choices about Active Healthy Lifestyles (HRF, information about importance of exercise etc) Making and Applying Decisions ( such as being an official, captaining a team) Developing Physical and Mental Capacity (how to train to improve fitness, skills, developing leadership) Evaluating and Improving (analysing technique, coaching roles)