Multiple Choice Select the response that best answers the question or completes the statement.

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1 Chapter 23 Northern Europe and Spain, 1500 to 1600 Multiple Choice Select the response that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1. The dissolution of the in 1477 led to a realignment in the European geopolitical landscape. a. Burgundian Netherlands c. Holy Roman Empire b. United Kingdom d. German Republics 2. sparked the Reformation in 1517 at Wittenberg. a. John Calvin c. Martin Luther b. Ignatius Loyola d. Ulrich Zwingli 3. Luther declared the pope the. a. Limb of Satan c. Antichrist b. Great Heathen d. Messenger of God 4. Which of the following precipitated the Reformation? a. political ambition c. dissatisfaction with Church leadership b. Methodists d. political anxieties 5. The self-portrait by is the first known Northern European self-portrait by a woman. a. Sofonisba Anguissola c. Levina Teerlinc b.jan Gossaert d. Caterina Van Hemessen 6. declared Protestantism illegal in a. Francis I of France c. Henri II of France b. Charles VII of France d. Louis XI of France 7. were inexpensive and easily circulated, they were a useful and effective teaching tool. a. oil paintings c. altarpieces b. manuscripts d. prints 8. was the first artist outside Italy to become an international art celebrity. a. Dürer c. Lucas Cranach the Elder b. Matthias Grünewald d. Hans Holbein the Younger 9. became the court painter to Francis I shortly after a. Francesco Primaticcio c. Leonardo b. Rosso Fiorentino d. Benvenuto Cellini 25

2 10. The incorporation of Italian architectural ideas can be seen in the redesigning of the in Paris. a. Fontainebleau Palace c. Chateau Chambord b. Louvre d. Chateau Cloux 11. produced the sculptures on the exterior of the Louvre. a. Pierre Lescot c. Jean Goujon b. Jean Clouet d. Rosso Fiorentino 12. Which of the following served as a model for the Château de Chambord? a. Italian palazzo c. English manor house b. German castle d. Greek villa 13. was among the most commercially advanced and prosperous countries in Europe. a. Germany c. England b. France d. The Netherlands 14. Jan Gossaert became fascinated with. a. medieval iconography c. German prints b. classical antiquity d. Persian carpets 15. In Bruegel s work the most dominant theme was. a. human activity c. the lives of the saints b. still life d. vanitas works 16. The construction material of the Escorial in Spain was. a. marble c. limestone b. concrete d. granite 17. Doménikos Theotokópoulos, El Greco, was born in Crete and emigrated to as a young man. a. Greece c. London b. Paris d. Italy 18. By 1577, El Greco left for Spain to spend the rest of his life in. a. Madrid c. Granada b. Toledo d. Barcelona 19. El Greco s strong sense of movement and use of light prefigured the style. a. Mannerist c. Rococo b. Impressionist d. Baroque 26

3 20. The primary concerns of emotion and religious fervor were the focus of the work of. a. Pieter Bruegel the Elder c. Caterina van Hemessen b. Mabuse d. El Greco Slide Questions A. Chateau de Chambord (Figure 23-11) 21. What was the model for this work? 22. How is this work related to the Gothic style? 23. What was the purpose of this work? 24. Who was the patron? B. Quinten Massys, Money-Changer and His Wife (Figure 23-15) 25. How does this work combine the secular and the religious? 26. What is the medium? C. Burial of Count Orgaz (Figure 23-25) 27. How does this work define 16 th century Spanish style? 28. How does the artist use allegory to inform the viewer? 29. Who is the artist? D. Elizabeth I as a Princess (Figure 23-18) 30. How does this work express the Flemish style? 31. What does this work say about the artist? 32. What does this work say about women in 16 th century European society? E. Allegory of Law and Grace (Figure 23-7) 33. Who is the artist?? 34. What is the message in this work? 35. What is the medium? What are the benefits of this medium? Short Answer 36. What was the perception of Church hierarchy during the 16 th century? 37. What is the fundamental doctrine of Protestantism? 38. Who was François Rabelais? 27

4 39. How did humanism affect northern Europe? 40. Define iconoclasm. 41. What did Hans Holbein the Younger incorporate in his work? 42. Define maulstick. 43. Describe the extent of the Spanish Empire in the sixteenth century. 44. What did the gridlike plan of the Escorial represent? 28

5 ANSWERS Multiple Choice 1. A page C page C page A page C page D page C page B page D page A page A page D page D page D page A page B page B page D page B page D page 646 Slide Questions A. 21. The Italian Renaissance palazzo served as the model for part of the chateau, particularly the lower levels and their matching horizontal and vertical features. Page The dormers, chimneys, and lanterns on the third level of Chateau de Chambord recall the Gothic style. Page The Chateau de Chambord served as a country house and hunting lodge for Francis I, the king of France. Page Francis I. Page 636 B. 25. The image presents a professional man of business transacting business with his wife looking on, but the room s interior is replete with iconographical symbols presenting religious principles. Pages Oil on panel (wood). Page 639 C. 27. The intense emotionalism of the work appeals to Spanish religious fervor at this time. Page He has carefully delineated between the two planes, heavenly and earthly. The figures in the earthly realm are presented more realistically and conform to portraiture while the heavenly figures are elegantly elongated, the long line emphasizing the divine status of these characters. Page El Greco. Page 646 D. 30. Precise and detailed rendering of the image. Page It bears witness to her reputation as she was invited to the English court in order to paint the royal heirs. Page Teerlinc s invitation to a royal court indicates the reputation she gained. Along with her peers, she made valuable contributions, and her work along with the work of her colleagues was collected by women of 29

6 importance and discerning judgment, women who not only had the good eye to collect, but women who held the reigns of power. Page 641 E. 33. The artist is Lucas Cranach the Elder, who was a follower and close friend of Martin Luther. Page This work depicts the differences between Catholic and Protestant views of how to achieve salvation. Instead of the Catholic belief in good works and following the commandments, the Protestants emphasized God s grace as the source of redemption. Page Woodcut. Woodcuts were more easily disseminated and cheaper to produce; this allowed them to gain a wider dispersal among the Northern populations. Page 631 Short Answer 36. The perception was that popes were more interested in temporal, secular power and wealth. The ranking clergy were also perceived in this fashion: more interested in the accumulation of wealth and material objects rather than the spiritual well-being of the faithful. Page Only absolute faith in Christ could justify sinners and ensure salvation, with the guidance of Scripture Page He was a former monk who recommended the rejection of stagnant religious dogma and an injection of humanist spirit. Page It filtered up from Italy and was well met. The Northern humanists focused on classical learning and culture but also on reconciling humanism with Christianity. Page The objection to and destruction of religious imagery. Page Italian ideas about monumental composition, bodily structure, and sculpturesque form. Page A stick used to steady the hand while painting. Page A large part of Europe, the western Mediterranean, a strip of North Africa, and vast expanses in the New World. Page It symbolized the gridiron where Saint Lawrence, patron of the Escorial, was martyred. Page