Gardner s Art Through the Ages, 13e. Chapter 20 Northern Europe, 1400 to 1500

Transcription

1 Gardner s Art Through the Ages, 13e Chapter 20 Northern Europe, 1400 to

2 Europe in the 15 th Century 2

3 Goals Understand the effect of political power in the development of Northern European art. Examine the variety and types of media used in art in this period. Identify specific artists, their respective styles, and their key works of art. Understand the integration of sacred and secular power and wealth, along with its resultant display in art. 3

4 The Art of France and Flanders Examine the effect of political power on the sumptuous art forms that developed in the 15 th Century. Examine the results of Burgundian wealth and largesse directed to art. Understand the growth of public devotional art, the artists, new art media and new illusionistic devices developed. 4

5 The Very Sumptuous Hours Examine the sumptuous art forms that developed in the 15 th Century. Explore French manuscript illumination and the new spatial and illusionistic devices used in art. 5

6 Figure LIMBOURG BROTHERS (POL, JEAN, HERMAN), January, from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, Ink on vellum, approx. 8 7/8" X 5 3/8". Musée Condé, Chantilly. 6

7 Figure LIMBOURG BROTHERS (POL, JEAN, HERMAN), October, from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, Ink on vellum, 8 7/8" X 5 3/8. Musée Condé, Chantilly. 7

8 Figure 20-2 CLAUS SLUTER, Well of Moses, Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon, France, Limestone with traces of paint, Moses 6 high. 8

9 Figure 20-3 MELCHIOR BROEDERLAM, Retable de Champmol. from the chapel oft he Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon, France, installed Oil on wood, each wing 5 5 3/4 X 4 1 1/4. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Dijon. 9

10 Figure 20-4 ROBERT CAMPIN (MASTER OF FLEMALLE), Merode Altarpiece (open), ca Oil on wood, center panel 2 1 3/8 X 2 7/8, each wing 2 1 3/8 X 10 7/8. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (The Cloisters Collection, 1956). 10

11 Burgundian Wealth and Art Understand the need for sacred sculpture and new sacred art. Examine the growth of devotional altarpieces, the media, and individual artists. 11

12 Figure 20-5 JAN VAN EYCK, Ghent Altarpiece (closed), Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium, completed Oil on wood, 11 6" X 7 6". 12

13 Figure 20-6 JAN VAN EYCK, Ghent Altarpiece (open), Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium, completed Oil on wood, 11 5" X

14 Figure 20-8 ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN, Deposition, center panel of a triptych from Notre-Dame hors-les-murs, Louvain, Belgium, ca Oil on wood, 7 2 5/8" X 8 7 1/8". Museo del Prado, Madrid. 14

15 Figure 20-9 ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN, Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin, ca Oil and tempera on wood, 4 6 1/8 X 3 7 5/8. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Lee Higginson) 15

16 20.2 Flemish Public and Private Devotional Art Examine the large numbers of private and public devotional art created at this time. Identify specific artists, their respective styles and their key works of art. Understand the relationship between religious and secular authority in the development of art. Examine the rise of portraiture and self-portraits. 16

17 Flemish Public Devotional Art Examine the complex illusionary images of the Flemish artists, especially noting the development of a single vanishing point. 17

18 Figure DIRK BOUTS, Last Supper central panel of the Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament, Saint Peter s, Louvain, Belgium, Oil on wood, 6 X 5. 18

19 Figure HUGO VAN DER GOES, Portinari Altarpiece (open), from Sant Egidio, Florence, Italy, ca Tempera and oil on wood, 8 3 1/2" X 10 center panel, 8 3 1/2" X 4 7 1/2" (each wing). Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. 19

20 Figure HANS MEMLING, Virgin with Saints and Angels, center panel of the Saint John Altarpiece, Hospitaal Sint Jan, Bruges, Belgium, Oil on wood, 5 7 3/4" X 5 7 3/4" (center panel), 5 7 3/4" X 2 7 1/8" (each wing). 20

21 Private Images Examine the private devotional art created at this time. Understand the illusionistic devices in painting, the atmosphere of the private home, and the attention to symbolism. 21

22 Figure 20-1 JAN VAN EYCK, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride, Oil on wood, approx. 2 9" X /2". National Gallery, London. 22

23 Figure PETRUS CHRISTUS, A Goldsmith in His Shop, Oil on wood, approx. 3 3" X 2 10". Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (the Robert Lehman Collection, 1975). 23

24 Portraiture and the Growing Interest in Secular Art Examine the rise of portraiture and self-portraits and the social and economic factors that made portraiture desirable. 24

25 Figure 20-7 JAN VAN EYCK, Man in a Red Turban, Oil on wood, 1 1 1/8 X 10 1/4". National Gallery, London. 25

26 Figure ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN, Portrait of a Lady, ca Oil on panel, 1 1 3/8" X 10 1/16". National Gallery, Washington, D.C. (Andrew W. Mellon Collection). 26

27 15 th Century French and German Art Understand the royal court art in France and the integration of the sacred and the secular in art. Examine the art that developed in Germany and in the Holy Roman Empire. Comprehend the variety and types of media used in art in this period. Identify specific artists, their respective styles, and their key works of art. Examine the development of graphic art, especially in Germany in the 15 th Century. 27

28 French Sacred and Secular Art Understand royal court art and the integration of the sacred and the secular. Identify specific artists, their styles, media and works of art. 28

29 Figure JEAN FOUQUET, Melun Diptych. Étienne Chevalier and Saint Stephen, (left wing), ca Oil on wood, 3 1/2 X 2 9 1/2. Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. Virgin and Child, (right wing) ca Oil on wood, 3 1 1/4 X 2 9 1/2. Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp. 29

30 15 th Century German Art Examine the art patronage interest in private piety and familiar themes. Identify specific artists, styles and works of art. 30

31 Figure KONRAD WITZ, Miraculous Draught of Fish, from the Altarpiece of Saint Peter, from Chapel of Notre-Dame des Maccabées in the Cathedral of Saint Peter, Geneva, Switzerland, Oil on wood, approx. 4 3 X 5 1. Musée d art et d Histoire, Geneva. 31

32 Figure VEIT STOSS, The Death and Assumption of the Virgin (wings open), altar of the Virgin Mary, church of Saint Mary, Kraków, Poland, Painted and gilded wood, central panel 23 9 high. 32

33 Figure TILMAN RIEMENSCHNEIDER, The Assumption of the Virgin, center panel of the Creglingen Altarpiece, Herrgottskirche, Creglingen, Germany, ca Lindenwood, 6 1 wide. 33

34 Development of Graphic Arts Examine the development of graphic arts, especially in Germany in the 15 th Century. Understand the processes that were developed in relief and intaglio printmaking. 34

35 Figure MICHEL WOLGEMUT and shop, Tarvisium, page from the so-called Nuremberg Chronicle, Woodcut,1 2 X 9. Printed by ANTON KOBERGER. 35

36 Figure MARTIN SCHONGAUER, Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons, ca Engraving, 1 1/4" X 9". Fondazione Magnani Rocca, Corte di Mamiano. 36

37 Discussion Questions What were some of the most important innovations in art media and spatial techniques at this time? How does the court and wealthy merchant patronage shape the content and appearance of religious and secular art? Why does the portrait absent in art for nearly 1000 years return in this period? 37