Introduction to Activity 3. Biotechnology and Human Health

Transcription

1 Introduction to Activity 3 Biotechnology and Human Health

2 Biotechnology and You Background Biotechnology is used to: Diagnose disease Prevent disease Treat disease

3 How can biotechnology diagnose disease? Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay ELISA File Number:

4 How is biotechnology used prevent Vaccines disease? Whole organism Partial organism Recombinant

5 How can biotechnology be used to treat disease? Gene therapy Stem cells Cloning

6 Part A. Spread and Detection of Infectious Disease Model the spread of a disease Use biotechnology to detect disease

7 How do diseases spread? Viral versus Bacterial Exposure levels Infectious versus genetic

8 Activity In this activity you will model how an infectious disease is spread. You will then apply a test developed through the use of biotechnology to determine levels of infection. Each student will receive a container of fluid. One of these containers has been contaminated. Each student will exchange fluid with three other classmates.

9 Activity After the exchanges are complete, you will use an assay to determine if your sample is contaminated. Assays are a type of biotechnology. They are tests that indicate the presence of a particular substance. Examples of medical assays include glucose meters (used by diabetics), drug tests, pregnancy tests and disease tests (such as for HIV). File Number: File Number:

10 Activity In this case, samples will change color if they have been infected. A positive result (color change) indicates an infected sample A negative result (no color change) indicates the sample has not been infected.

11 Spread of diseases Carrying capacity # infections Exponential growth phase Lag phase Number of interactions

12 Reflection Questions What factors might affect the way a disease spreads in real life? How was biotechnology used in this activity? What types of assays are available over the counter in local stores?

13 Part B: Vaccinations Explore different types of vaccines Research and investigate required vaccines

14 Vaccinations What vaccines have you been given? What are these vaccines designed to prevent? How do vaccines work?

15 Types of Vaccines Whole Organism Partial Organism Recombinant

16 Whole Organism Vaccine Live, attenuated vaccine Dead vaccine

17 Partial Organism Vaccine Protein coat only

18 Recombinant Vaccine Produced by genetic engineering

19 Activity Make an informational poster on one of the vaccines you are required to have. Be sure to address the following questions: What is the vaccine designed to prevent? How is the vaccine made? How does the vaccine work? Is the vaccine live, attenuated or recombinant? Is the vaccine required for all people? If not, explain. At what age is the vaccine given? Are boosters required? What are the benefits of the vaccine? What are the risks associated with the vaccine? List two debate topics associated with your vaccine.

20 Part C: Edible Vaccines Explore the science behind edible vaccines Create your own edible vaccine

21 Vaccines How are vaccines most commonly given? What does edible vaccine mean? How would an edible vaccine be created?

22 Benefits of Edible Vaccines Edible Safer because there is no needle Economical to mass produce and transport Heat stable Subunit vaccine so won t cause disease

23 Risks of Edible Vaccines Oral Tolerance Accumulation of enough antigen Public perception of Genetically Modified Organisms Transfers of genes to non-target organisms Dosage

24 Activity Design an Edible Vaccine! What is the name of your transgenic plant? Describe the transgenic organism and describe where the vaccine proteins are produced (stem, flowers, fruit, etc). Why did you chose this particular type of plant? What is the purpose of your edible plant vaccine (or transgenic plant)? What type of disease does it protect against? What are the benefits of this transgenic organism? What are the risks of this transgenic organism? What country do you plan to market this plantbased vaccine? Why?

25 Part D: Transgenic Plants: Risks and Benefits Assessment Define the different categories of transgenic plants Investigate the risks and benefits associated with the different categories of transgenic plants File Number:

26 Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Plants How do humans use plants? What are the different categories of use? File Number:

27 Categories of Transgenic Plants Agronomic Pharmaceutical Food Crop Non-Food Crop

28 Risks and Benefits Agronomic transgenic plants Pharmaceutical Transgenic plants Food-crop versus non-food crop transgenic plants

29 Activity Design a PowerPoint presentation of your assigned topic Use the rubric provided to make sure you include all the required information

30 Questions How should regulatory organizations (such as the Food and Drug Administration) deal with the different categories of transgenic organisms? How does human error figure into risk assessment? How should the possibility that the risks and benefits for different groups of people be addressed?