Buzau, Romania, Large Infrastructure Projects ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria

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1 New Infrastructure project for Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Baltic region and the Danube Buzau, Romania, Large Infrastructure Projects ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria

2 Large Infrastructure Projects ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria Large infrastructure projects ltd. is both the creator and the developer of ABC+De project ABC+De project is New Pan- European transport project ABC+De means Aegean sea to Baltic sea Connection and Danube river

3 The objectives of the ABC+De project are: 1. To create a new highly effective railway connection for carriage of cargoes between Suez Canal, Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East, Aegean sea and Marmara Sea regions, South East Europe and Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Northern Europe and the Baltic region; 2. Be set up a new Europe trade gateway to Africa, Middle and Far East ; 3. To transform the Danube river into an efficient inland waterway, which can be relied on throughout the whole year; 4. To create a new high-speed train lines between Istanbul, Bucharest, Warsaw and Berlin; 5. To reduce greenhouse gases, environmental pollution and harmful impact of road transport; 6. Increasing economy of the regions covered by the project; development of tourism.

4 The reason for creating the ABC+De project In relation with activities of another our company in mining and processing of ores from large Bulgarian deposit ( ) and the erection of new plants we have created and developed the ABC+De project. Kremikovtsi deposit

5 History of the ABC+De project creation New Kremikovtsi deposit ore processing plant and new iron & steel plant will take place in the town of Nikolaevo. It is envisaged that the products be sold to markets in South Europe, MENA and Far East. We have studied some alternatives for deep-sea port (for ships draught 25 m.) at Aegean sea in Greece and Turkey and the rail link between the deep-sea port and future plants in the town of Nikolaevo. Thessaloniki Kremikovtsi Sofia BULGARIA Nikolaevo Alexandropolis AEGEAN SEA Burgas Edirne TURKEY BLACK SEA Istanbul Bursa

6 We chose the place for the new port near the town of Feres and designed a port in two parts on land and in the sea and a new railway for heavy loads. It was found that the cargo of future plants in the town of Nikolaevo are not enough for the economy of the future infrastructure-port and railway line. With the intention future infrastructure to give and receive additional cargo we went the route of the railway to the Danube. It turned out that goods turnover in the river is much smaller than the one seen in past periods.

7 ROMANIA Pitesti Bucharest Constanca Mosteni Gradually the railway project was extended to: Belgrade Yantra Port Varna SERBIA Kremikovtsi Sofia Nikolaevo Burgas BLACK SEA - Industrial center Pitesti and Bucharest KOSOVO BULGARIA Edirne Istanbul MAKEDONIA Alexandropolis Feres Port Bursa Thessaloniki AEGEAN SEA TURKEY SLOVAKIA UKRAINE Bratislava - Zahony (Hungary)- large rail station, located on the border with Ukraine and Slovakia HUNGARY Budapest Sebes ROMANIA Sibiu Belgrade SERBIA Sofia Pitesti Yantra Port Bucharest Mosteni Nikolaevo Constanca Varna Burgas BLACK SEA KOSOVO BULGARIA Edirne Istanbul MAKEDONIA GREECE Thessaloniki Alexandropolis AEGEAN SEA Feres Port TURKEY Bursa

8 BALTIC SEA LITHUANIA RUSSIA DENMARK Gdansk Wisla Baltic Port BELARUS To Warsaw and Baltic sea GERMANY POLAND Warshaw CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA UKRAINE Bratislava AUSTRIA Budapest HUNGARY Sebes ROMANIA Sibiu ITALY SLOVENIA CROATIA BOSNA AND HERZEGOVINA Belgrade SERBIA MONTENEGRO KOSOVO ADRIATIC SEA Pitesti Sofia BULGARIA MAKEDONIA GREECE Thessaloniki Yantra Port Bucharest Mosteni Alexandropolis Varna Burgas Nikolaevo AEGEAN SEA Constanca Edirne Feres Port BLACK SEA TURKEY Istanbul Bursa

9 In order to provide as much as possible load for the new railway we designed new branches : Istanbul; Bursa (Turkey); Bremerhaven / Hamburg via Berlin NORTH SEA Bremerhaven GERMANY SWITZERLAND DENMARK Hamburg ITALY SWEDEN Berlin Gdansk CZECH REPUBLIC AUSTRIA BALTIC SEA POLAND Bratislava SLOVENIA CROATIA WLLC Wisla Baltic Port SLOVAKIA Budapest HUNGARY BOSNA AND HERZEGOVINA LITHUANIA Warshaw Belgrade SERBIA MONTENEGRO KOSOVO ADRIATIC SEA Sebes BELARUS UKRAINE Sofia ROMANIA Sibiu Pitesti Yantra Port Bucharest Mosteni BULGARIA Nikolaevo Constanca Varna Burgas Edirne MAKEDONIA Feres Port GREECE Thessaloniki AEGEAN SEA RUSSIA BLACK SEA TURKEY Istanbul Bursa

10 NORTH SEA DENMARK SWEDEN BALTIC SEA LITHUANIA RUSSIA NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN IRELAND UNITED KINGDOM ENGLISH CHANNEL NETHERLANDS BELGIUM Bremerhaven Hamburg GERMANY Berlin Gdansk CZECH REPUBLIC WLLC POLAND Wisla Baltic Port Warshaw SLOVAKIA BELARUS UKRAINE MOLDOVA Passau Vienna Bratislava FRANCE SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA Budapest HUNGARY Sebes ROMANIA Sibiu PORTUGAL SPAIN ITALY TYRRHENIAN SEA SLOVENIA CROATIA BOSNA AND HERZEGOVINA ADRIATIC SEA Belgrade SERBIA MONTENEGRO KOSOVO ALBANIA Pitesti MAKEDONIA GREECE DANUBE Sofia Yantra Port BULGARIA Bucharest Feres Port Nikolaevo AEGEAN SEA Edirne BLACK SEA Istanbul Bursa TURKEY IONIAN SEA STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR MOROCCO ALGERIA TUNISIA MEDITERRANEAN SEA SUEZ CANAL

11 1. Shortcut ( distance and time ) for cargoes between Suez Canal / Middle East and Scandinavia, the Baltic region, Western Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe. Avoiding the long journey to North European ports through Gibraltar. Comparison of the distances: Port Said/ Hamburg port km. Port Said/ Feres port km., Hamburg port/ Berlin- 288 km. Feres port Berlin-1880 km km km. 2. Enhancing the competitive position of the waterway from the Far East through the Suez Canal to consumers in Europe compared to China -Europe railways and sea route through the Arctic Ocean. 3. Several times reducing the time and significantly reducing the cost of transport in the regions and destinations within the new infrastructure. For example, cargo from Turkey and the Middle East to Europe. 4. Open a new trading gateway to Europe and "green" transport corridor Aegean Sea - Baltic Sea.

12 ABC + De project elements are: 1. New port in the town of Feres (Greece) at Aegean sea; 2. SNS South North Stream - high efficient new double railway; 3. New port on the 532,600 th km. on the Danube river, which will be a hub for countries linked by the river; 4. New port on the Baltic Sea; 5. Large number of new logistics centers around the ports and along new SNS railway; 6. Activities, that convert the Danube river into a route for inexpensive and predictable transportation of goods.

13 FERES PORT

14 Feres port Deep sea water port, capable to handling more than 25 m. draught ships; Terminals for bulk cargo, containers, oil, LNG, general goods, agricultural products, semi trailers, newly produced cars and other vehicles ; for acceptance of ferries and cruise ships; May adopt ships due to the size and type of load can not pass through the Straits; European trade gate; Hub for Eastern Mediterranean, Aegean sea, Marmara sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea. Provided all conditions for transshipments; Connectivity with railways, highway; available international airport; Provided supporting infrastructure-water, electricity, gas main pipeline; Design capacity million tons per year (phased), quay walls over 100 km. (phased).

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21 WISLA BALTIC PORT

22 Wisla-Baltic port Designed primarily for "green" corridor loads; Terminals for bulk cargo, containers, LNG, general goods, agricultural products, semi trailers, newly produced cars and other vehicles ; for acceptance of ferries; Design capacity million tons per year, quay walls- 12,5 km.

23 Yantra Danube Port

24 Yantra Danube port A large new port on the Danube -533,600 th km ; Connection between Feres port through SNS railway and countries and regions of Central Europe; Primary port for shipping lines along the Danube; Terminals for containers, general cargo, bulk, LNG, oil and oil products; Capacity of 100 million tones per year. ABC+De project activities will make the Danube river in a waterway to km that the convoys, consisting of barges with coupled pushers with dimensions: length m, beam m, draft m in the whole year (even at the lowest waters) will speed up to 17 km/h. and can carry up to tones of cargo or up to 2520 TEUs. As a result of the reduced distance and increased speed, the travel time from a new port, located at the 533,600 th km to Bratislava / Vienna will be halved.

25 UNITED KINGDOM ENGLISH CHANNEL NORTH SEA NETHERLANDS BELGIUM DENMARK Bremerhaven Hamburg GERMANY SWEDEN Berlin BALTIC SEA Gdansk WLLC POLAND LITHUANIA Wisla Baltic Port Warshaw BELARUS UKRAINE RUSSIA CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA MOLDOVA Passau Vienna Bratislava FRANCE SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA Budapest HUNGARY Sebes ROMANIA Sibiu ITALY TYRRHENIAN SEA SLOVENIA CROATIA BOSNA AND HERZEGOVINA ADRIATIC SEA Belgrade SERBIA MONTENEGRO KOSOVO ALBANIA Pitesti MAKEDONIA GREECE DANUBE Sofia Yantra Port BULGARIA Bucharest Feres Port Nikolaevo AEGEAN SEA Edirne BLACK SEA Istanbul Bursa TURKEY

26 New railway- South North Stream SNS New double railway line running from Feres port (Istanbul, Bursa), passing through Eastern and Central Europe to a new port on the Baltic Sea, and to the existing port at North sea in Germany; Branches which connect to the railway backbone include new railway routes to and from Istanbul, Bursa, Bucharest, Warsaw, Mikoszewo (Wisla mouth), Berlin, Hamburg and Bremerhaven; SNS is characterized by: high capacity + high commercial speed = high efficiency The railway is intended primarily for freight trains. The parameters of railroad are designed also for high-speed trains movement.

27 Scheme of the railway station along the new railroad from ABC+De project

28 Track gauge mm; No of lines 2; Curve radius not less than 7000 m ; Vertical curve not less than m ; Max. slope -14 ; Warp - not more than 110 mm; Axle load - 31,5 t per axle; Train length max m (rail stations length not less than 2250 m ); Max. train weight t ; Static reference profile- width 3250 mm, height mm; Maximum speed for freight trains km/h; Catenary- AC 25 kv; Maximum speed for high-speed trains km/h; Total power of locomotives in a freight train kw; Ballastless tracks.

29 FERES PORT-WISLA BALTIC PORT FREIGHT TRAIN SCHEDULE 2 Feres sea port Tichero railway yard Tichero railway yard Lyubimets station BG Nikolaevo south station Tsenovo station BG Moshteni station Piteshti East station Sibiu station Mera station H-SK-UA Log Center station Vrbovec station Debica North station Zaskale station Kowiesy station Zawidz station Redaki station Wisla pre port station Wisla pre port - Wisla Baltic port distance (km) duration km/h 1 667,45 12h 19min 135,38

30 Y AR NG NIA HU MA RO New railway in Romania 545 km 24 stations Cluj-Napoca Galati Szeged Braila Sibiu + an 435 utrak nita-t 9.Olte Dam Har s ov ad am Sebes 700 Pitesti +750 m 561 lene Da nele-be 8.Fanta SlaMag 0 no lav tra it nd am Bistrets Stanevo Dam rt antra Po Cetate-Y ntrance Canal E Bucharest Ruse A ANI IA ROM GAR BUL Constanta

31 19km 20km 0km 2km 4km 6km 1km 3km 5km 7km 8km 9km 10km 11km 12km 13km 14km 15km 16km 17km 18km 19km 20km 21km 22km 23km 24km 25km 26km 0km 2km 4km 6km 1km 3km 5km 7km 8km 9km 10km 11km 12km 13km 14km 15km 16km 0km 2km 4km 6km 1km 3km 5km 7km 8km 9km 10km 11km 12km 13km 0km 2km 4km 6km 1km 3km 5km 7km 8km 9km 10km 11km 12km 13km 14km 15km 16km 17km 18km 19km 20km 0km 2km 4km 6km 1km 3km 5km 7km 8km 9km 10km 11km 12km 13km 14km 15km 16km 17km 0km 1km 18km 19km 20km 21km 22km 14km 15km 16km 17km 18km 23km 24km 25km 3,066 km 26,348 km 2,856 km 17,010 km 2,434 km 18,595 km 2,337 km 20,722 km 2,290 km 25,520 km 2,167 km PITESTI EAST STATION PITESTI NORTH STATION LACURILE STATION CALIMANESTI STATION BALOTA STATION TALMACIU STATION 276,0 335,0 377,0 289,0 340,0 392,0

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33 Bridge-section Profile-in tunnel Tunnel-section

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35 Wagons for cars Overall length of two car units, over couplers 44,30 m Height, extreme 6,15 m 858 cars in block train

36 Wagons for containers, articulated doublestack car Length, over couplers (5-unit car) 80,81 m Height, extreme (loaded) 6,15 m 420 TEU in block train

37 Doublestack cars

38 Wagons for oil and oil products 61 crude oil wagons in block train = bbl.

39 Wagons for LNG 65 LNG wagons in block train = Nm³ NG

40 NORTH SEA BALTIC SEA NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN ENGLISH CHANNEL BLACK SEA ADRIATIC SEA TYRRHENIAN SEA AEGEAN SEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR Legend: 400 km/h Planed km/h 300 km/h 250 km/h km/h <200 km/h Under construction High Speed Railroad Network in Europe SUEZ CANAL

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42 HIGH SPEED TRAIN SCHEDULE Haydarpasha station Ataturk airport station Kapikule station TR Nikolaevo south station Piteshti East station Sibiu station Mera station H-SK-UA Log Center station 9 ( 8 ) ( 18 ) 44 Debica station 10 ( 9 ) ( 19 ) 23 Kowiesy station 11 ( 10 ) 4 21 ( 20 ) 3 Poznan South station 11 ( 10 ) ( 20 ) 50 Berlin Hauptbahnhof 12 ( 11 ) ( 21 ) ,39 km distance 6 h 44 min duration 303,10 km/h

43 Proposal to the European NORTH SEA Commission to include the project ABC+De in Core Network Corridors New Aegean-Baltic corridor BALTIC - ADRIATIC NORTH SEA - BALTIC MEDITERRANEAN ORIENT / EAST - MED SCANDINAVIAN - MEDITERRANEAN RHINE - ALPINE ATLANTIC NORTH SEA - MEDITERRANEAN RHINE - DANUBE BALTIC SEA Gdansk Wisla Baltic Port Hamburg Bremerhaven NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN Warsaw Berlin ENGLISH CHANNEL Passau ABC+De PROJECT: NEW RAILWAY BYPASS AND NAVIGATION CHANALS New Dam Bratislava Vienna Budapest NEW RAILWAY Sebes Sibiu Bucharest Pitesti BLACK SEA Belgrade Yantra Port Nikolaevo Sofia Edirne Istanbul ADRIATIC SEA Bursa Feres Port TYRRHENIAN SEA IONIAN SEA STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR AEGEAN SEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA SUEZ

44 eng. Roumen Markov General Manager Large Infrastructure Projects ltd 1407 Sofia, 28 Banat str., Bulgaria r.markov@largeinfraprojects.eu Thank you for your attention.