SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND

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1 SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND CHALLENGES IN ZAMBIA Mary Lubungu and IAPRI Team Presented at the High Level Government Policy Meeting, Chaminuka Lodge, Lusaka, 13 th April, 2013 INDABA AGRICULTURAL POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Indaba LUSAKA, Agricultural ZAMBIA Policy Research Institute

2 1. Outline 1 Importance of the Livestock sector in Zambia Smallholder Livestock Production Challenges to Livestock Production in Zambia Policy Recommendations

3 2. Importance of the Livestock Sector 2 Livestock contributes 3.2% to national GDP and 42% to agric. GDP (MAL et al., 2012) 6% of smallholder HH income-sales and consumption (RALS 2012) Over 30% among cattle selling households Livestock constitutes 20% of household assets Yet livestock budget allocation is only about 17% of the agriculture budget Actual expenditure share is much less

4 3 3. Smallholder Livestock Production

5 population of livestock Livestock Production Trends - National 4 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, ,000 - cattle goats pigs sheep ,489,728 1,179, ,465 51, ,392,893 1,740, , , ,815,583 2,420,077 1,016, , ,162,357 2,073, ,349 49,063 Source: CSO/FSRP Supplemental Surveys (2001,2004, 2008) and RALS(2012).

6 Cattle Production Provincial Trends 5 Source: CSO/FSRP Supplemental Surveys (2001, 2004, 2008) and RALS(2012).

7 Cattle Goats Pigs Sheep Average Number of livestock owned per smallholder HH keeping that livestock type Source: RALS (2012)

8 percent of households percent of households percent of households percent of households Livestock Herd Size owned by Small Holder Households Cattle Goats Pigs 20 Sheep Source: RALS (2012)

9 8 4. Challenges to Livestock Production in Zambia

10 I. Low Productivity 9 In breeding resulting in loss of performance Limited animal husbandry technology Poor pasture management leading to poor feeding practices Especially in lean periods

11 Policy Options to Increase Productivity 10 Effective breeding programs Rehabilitate the existing breeding centres-to fully operational Genetic improvement-for local breeds Promoting cross breeding to enhance the fertility rate and improve productivity Encouraging farmers to conserve pasture Through intensive trainings

12 II. High Livestock Mortality Rates 11 Livestock mortality rates (per 1000) by province 2012 Cattle Goats Pigs Central Copperbelt 80 Eastern 83 Luapula 15 Lusaka Muchinga 88 Northern 57 NorthWestern 38 Southern 93 Western Source: RALS (2012) Overall 127

13 II. High Livestock Mortality Rates 12 Livestock mortality rates (per 1000) by province 2012 Cattle Goats Pigs Central 279 Copperbelt 80 Eastern 83 Luapula 15 Lusaka 148 Muchinga 88 Northern 57 NorthWestern 38 Southern 93 Western Source: RALS (2012) 174 Overall 127

14 II. High Livestock Mortality Rates 13 Livestock mortality rates (per 1000) by province 2012 Cattle Goats Pigs Central 279 Copperbelt Eastern Luapula Lusaka Muchinga Northern 57 NorthWestern Southern 93 Western Source: RALS (2012) 174 Overall

15 II. High Livestock Mortality Rates 14 Livestock mortality rates (per 1000) by province 2012 Cattle Goats Pigs Central Copperbelt Eastern Luapula Lusaka Muchinga Northern NorthWestern Southern Western Source: RALS (2012) Overall

16 II. High Livestock Mortality Rates 15 Livestock mortality rates (per 1000) by province 2012 Cattle Goats Pigs Central Copperbelt Eastern Luapula Lusaka Muchinga Northern NorthWestern Southern Western Source: RALS (2012) Overall

17 II. High Livestock Mortality Rates 16 Livestock mortality rates (per 1000) by province 2012 Cattle Goats Pigs Central Copperbelt Eastern Luapula Lusaka Muchinga Northern NorthWestern Southern Western Source: RALS (2012) Overall

18 17 III. High Livestock Diseases Prevalence Smallholder households with diseased animals 62.7% 61.5% 31.3% 39.5% 42.2% Source: RALS (2012)

19 Extent and Methods of Disease Control 18 Source: RALS (2012)

20 Sources of Veterinary Medicine/vaccines 19 Source: RALS (2012)

21 Policy Options to Reduce Livestock Mortality and Disease Prevalence 20 Encourage farmers to use veterinary drugs and vaccines through Livestock vaccination campaigns Improve availability of vaccines Through electronic voucher -FISP Strengthen the vet. extension service delivery Improve training for vet assistant officers

22 IV. Distance to Livestock Services 21 Source: RALS (2012) Mean Median Km Agro-dealer Agricultural camp / block office Dip tank Seller of veterinary products Point where you can sell livestock/livestock products to private buyers Livestock service center Para-vet

23 Policy Options to Increase Access to Livestock Services 22 Training /deploy more veterinary assistants Construction of new and rehabilitation of existing community dip tanks to effectively control tick borne diseases Promote agro dealership in rural area

24 Concluding Remarks 23 Ultimately, effective implementation of the suggested policy options will require Sustained funding from both public and private sector Realignment of spending priorities within the agric. sector Increasing the budget allocation/actual release to livestock sector

25 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 24

% of smallholder households Livestock Ownership 25 80 70 76 Of 1,417,992 smallholder farmers, 82.

26 % of smallholder households Livestock Ownership Of 1,417,992 smallholder farmers, 82.5% own at least one type of livestock or poultry Village chicken Goats Cattle Pigs Sheep Source: RALS (2012): Note HH=household

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