Battery chemistries. Shmuel De-Leon

Transcription

1 Battery chemistries Shmuel De-Leon 1

2 Primary Batteries Chemistry Characteristics Leading Manufacturers Main Applications Comments Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Voltage 1.6v Power - L Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range 0-50 Duracell Energizer Consumer market portable application Long shelf life, low cost and reasonable drain rate make them attractive for commonplace applications. Carbon Zinc Voltage 1.5v Power -L Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range 0-50 Energizer Consumer market portable application For the less expansive market Lithium Bromine Chloride Complex Voltage 3.9v Power H,M Wh/Kg 470 Wh/L Temp. Range Electrochem Military and oil exploration markets Lithium thionyl chloride with chemical additive improved passivation Lithium Carbon Monofluoride Voltage 3.2v Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Eagle-Picher Spectrum Brands Electrochem Memory backup, Metering, Space 1000 wh/kg for the space market (low current discharge) Lithium Iodine Voltage 3.67v Power - L Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Electrochem Litronik Medical applications Very few cells in the market 2

3 Primary Batteries Chemistry Characteristics Leading Manufacturers Lithium Ion Voltage 4.1v Power -H Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Lithium Iron Disulfide Lithium Manganese Dioxide Lithium Sulfur Dioxide Voltage 1.77v Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Voltage 3.2v Power H,M Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Voltage 2.95v Power - HM,L Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Tadiran Energizer, Manufacture also by some Chinese manufacturers Duracell Energizer Sanyo Saft Eagle-Picher Main Applications Military & Aerospace systems Automatic External Defibrillators Portable Medical Devices Communications systems Telemetric Photo cameras, consumer portable application Memory Backup Photoflash Military applications Military applications Comments Manufacture only by Tadiran Patented lithium technology from Energizer used in industrial applications such as asset tracking due to its excellent rate capability. These batteries offer high energy density, extremely long life, a wide operating temperature and excellent durability. The batteries share lithium primary advantages. They also have good high rate capabilities and perform well at low temperatures. 3

4 Primary Batteries Chemistry Characteristics Leading Manufacturers Main Applications Comments Lithium Sulfuryl Chloride Voltage 3.67v Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Electrochem Tadiran Military, Space, Oil exploration high energy density long shelf life Lithium Thionyl Chloride Voltage 3.67v Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Saft Tadiran Vitzro Military, Metering, Oil exploration, Memory backup Share lithium primary advantages. LiSOCl2 cells have the highest energy density of all Lithium types. Service life is typically 15 to 20 years. Silver Zinc Voltage 1.55v Power - L Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Varta Toshiba Sony Renata Watch, Calculators Mainly button size, better performance than Alkaline manganese cells Zinc Nickel Oxyhydroxide Voltage 1.72v Power H, M Wh/Kg Wh/L Temp. Range Duracell Photo cameras, consumer portable application New technology competing lithium iron disulfide and alkaline manganese 4

5 Primary Cells Energy Density Comparison (commercial cells) Battery system Nominal voltage Wh/kg Wh/l Manu./ model Alkaline Silver Oxide ENERGIZER ENERGIZER EXP76 Zinc-Air Lithium Sulfur Dioxide Lithium Thionyl Chloride Lithium Manganese Dioxide Lithium Sulfuryl Chloride ENERGIZER AC EAGLE PICHER TADIRAN TL FDK ENERGY CR TADIRAN TL6930 Lithium Polymono Carbonate PANASONIC BR2477A Lithium Iron Disulfide ENERGIZER L91 5

6 Rechargeable Batteries Chemistry Characteristics Leading Manufacturers Main Applications Comments Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Voltage 1.57v Wh/Kg Wh/L 420 Typ Cycles - 50 Ray-O-VAC Accucell Toys, Home portable applications Limited number of cycles, low cost Lead Acid Voltage 2v Wh/Kg 40 Wh/L 110 Typ Cycles Fiamm Yuasa stationary or wheeled applications easy to maintain, have low self-discharge rates and are less expensive than other rechargeable batteries. Lithium Ion Voltage 4.2v Wh/Kg Wh/L 650 Typ Cycles Sony Sanyo Saft GS Yuasa Hitachi Maxell LG, Samsung Portable applications, Military, Industrial, Commercial High energy density Li-ion chemistry reduces the cell s weight by half and the volume by 20 to 50 percent. The self-discharge rate is less than half that of nickel-based chemistries. Lithium Ion Polymer Voltage 4.2v Wh/Kg Wh/L 500 Typ Cycles Sony Sanyo LG, Samsung Portable applications, Military, Industrial, Commercial Have greater energy density in terms of weight than Li-ion. There is more flexibility in cell sizes and shape and a wider margin of safety. Lithium Iron Phosphate Voltage 3.65v Power H,M Wh/Kg Wh/L 300 Typ Cycles A123 Advance battery factory Saft Laclanche EV, E-Bike, Energy Storage Excellent cycle life, high rate capability, and best in class safety 6

7 Rechargeable Batteries Chemistry Characteristics Leading Manufacturers Main Applications Comments Lithium Manganese Dioxide (not Li-Ion spinal) Voltage 3.67v Wh/Kg - 60 Wh/L 150 Typ Cycles Lithium Sulfur Voltage 2.5v Power H,M Wh/Kg Wh/L 220 Typ Cycles - 50 Lithium Vanadium Pentoxide Voltage 3.4v Power - L Wh/Kg - 50 Wh/L 130 Typ Cycles Nickel Cadmium Voltage 1.2v Power H, M Wh/Kg - 50 Wh/L 160 Typ Cycles Nickel Hydrogen Voltage 1.55v Power M Wh/Kg - 75 Wh/L 50 Typ Cycles Sanyo Hitachi Maxell Varta Sion Oxis Energy Memory backup UAV, EV Button cells Under development Memory backup Button cells Hoppecke Saft Sanyo Saft Eagle-Picher Automotive, Energy storage, Space, Satellite Energy storage, satellite, space Robust and relatively inexpensive, NiCD batteries are typically used for applications in which long life, high power and extended temperature range are important. Differ from NiMh by use of hydrogen in a pressurized cell of up to 1200 psi 7

8 Rechargeable Batteries Chemistry Characteristics Leading Manufacturers Main Applications Comments Nickel Metal Hydride Voltage 1.2v Wh/Kg Wh/L 400 Typ Cycles Nickel Zinc Voltage 1.7v Wh/Kg - 90 Wh/L 300 Typ Cycles Silver Zinc Voltage 1.86v Wh/Kg Wh/L 510 Typ Cycles Sanyo Automotive, Consumer portable applications capacities as much as 90 percent higher than equivalent size NiCD cells. They have less memory effect and are environmentally safe and lighter in weight. Powergenix Consumer products Under development Zpower Consumer products Under development 8

9 Rechargeable Cells Energy Density Comparison (commercial cells) Battery system Nominal voltage Wh/kg Wh/l Manu./ model LEAD ACID YUASA NPH12-12 NICKEL CADMIUM SANYO KR-1500AUL NICKEL METAL HYDRID SANYO HR-3U LI- ION PANASONIC NCR18650A LI- ION POLYMER Varta LPP454261, PLF

10 Reserve Batteries Chemistry Characteristics Leading Manufacturers Main Applications Comments Lithium Iron Disulfide Voltage 1.7v Power H,M wh/kg, Lithium Thionyl Chloride Voltage 3.67v Power L 250wh/kg, 360wh/l ASB Eagle Picher Rafael Military, Missals Batteries only Eagle Picher Military Batteries only Magnesium Silver Chloride Voltage 1.3v low densities Silver Zinc Voltage 3.67v low densities Zinc Air Voltage 1.4v 530 wh/kg, 1600 wh/l Ultralife Military, Safety Products Batteries only - Sea water activated Tadiran Eagle Picher Yardney Duracell Electric Fuel Energizer Renata Ray-O-Vac Toshiba Varta Military, Missals Military, Commercial ear phones Batteries only, Primary and Rechargeable versions Non Rechargeable 10

11 Thank You for Your Attention Shmuel De-Leon Shmuel De-Leon Energy Ltd Information for presentation obtained by: 1. Public web sources. 2. Shmuel De-Leon Battery/Energy Sources DataBase (Includes cell PDF data sheets )

12 This presentation has been compiled for the exclusive, internal use by our client. Within the framework of the engagement, Shmuel De-Leon Consultants will act solely in the interest of the client. Property rights in favor of third parties will not be constituted and no protective effect shall arise for the benefit of third parties. The presentation shall be treated as confidential and may not be passed on and/or may not be made available to third parties without prior written consent from Shmuel De-Leon Energy. 12