The Virus. Virus Reproduction The Lysogenic Cycle. The Virus Structure. Virus Reproduction The Lytic Cycle. Virus Reproduction

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1 The Virus & The Bacteria The Virus 20nm-60nm Not considered alive. Can only reproduce inside the Host Cell. Specific Attach only to specific cells based on the proteins in the cell membrane. The Virus Structure Virus Reproduction The Lysogenic Cycle Made up of Nucleic Acids containing either, DNA or RNA. Capsid- a protein coat that surrounds the Genetic material. Virus Reproduction The Lytic Cycle Virus Reproduction The Lysogenic Cycle Do not destroy the host cell at first. Continue to reproduce with the virus Genetic Material inside. The Lytic Cycle Virulent virus Direct Death of the Host cell 1

2 Hemorrhagic Fever Hemorrhagic Fever Ebola Ebola Marburg Found in Primates Animal-Borne Virus RNA virus Incubation 2-21 days Fever, headache, joint & muscle pain rash red eyes Bleeding from all orifices. Ebola Transmission 1 st patient comes in contact with the infected animal. Direct contact with blood and/or secretions. Ebola Reston airborne only in monkeys Hot zones Congo, Gabon, Sudan SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Hot Zone- China, Toronto Symptoms Flu like- fever, headache, dry cough Transmission- Person to person contact, respiratory secretion Military action has been taken to keep virus controlled. Spans 1,000 s of years. 30% fatality rate 100% fatality rate in the flat & hemorrhagic strains. Eradicated from the world Last U.S. case 1949 World case Humans are the natural host. Spread by face to face contact. Also body fluids. Most Contagious during Early Rash continues till the last scab falls off. 2

3 Feared to be used as a Biological Weapon Known vials Siberia, Atlanta Believe India, Pakistan, China, Israel, Iraq, North Korea, Iran, Cuba, Taiwan, Former Yugoslavia, France, Al- Qaeda, Aum Shinrikyo Historical Facts The first urban Virus - arose 7,000 years ago in large cities. Why? Pharaoh Ramses V died of the pox Chinese worshiped the goddess of small pox named T ou Shen Niang-Niang India the goddess what Shitala Ma HIV Human Immune Deficiency Virus West Nile Virus Fastest Spreading disease in Africa Effects white blood cells. T-Cells T-cell count below 200 you have AIDS. Blood Tranmission Host Birds Spread through mosquitoes Fever, headache, and body aches, occasionally with skin rash and swollen lymph nodes. Rare encephalitis 1% of mosquitos carry the virus, 1% of those infected will die. The Bacteria Bacteria-Eubacteria Prokaryotic Cells Two Kingdoms Archaebacteria - The extremists. 3 types Lives in Oxygen free environments High salt content Hot acidic waters Eubacteria Many varieties Heterotrophic Saprobes feed off the dead. Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic autotrophs - feed off the break down of inorganic substances. Reproduce Sexually Reproduce asexually fission Reproduce sexually 3

4 Reproduction Genetic Recombination 1. Transformation When a bacteria transfers a piece of its DNA into another bacteria creating a slightly different genotype and phenotype. 2. Conjugation when two bacteria form pili between one another transfer genetic material. Bacteria - Structure Different Shapes Sphere - coccus Rods - bacillus Spirals sprillium Structures Capsule Cell wall Plasma membrane Pili DNA Flagella Antibiotics only Kill Bacteria Anthrax Direct contact Many different strains Found in lower vertebrates goats, sheep, cattle Three types Cutaneous skin death rare if treated Inhalation Cold-like fatal Gastrointestinal 25-60% Flesh Eating Necrotizing Fasciitis Bubonic Plague or Black Death Group A Streptococcus with a mutation. Reproduces rapidly Tissue must be removed. Patient must be put into a pressure chamber to reduce the spread. 4

5 Bubonic Plague or Black Death Lyme Disease Swollen lymph nodes (buboes, hence the name), high fever, and delirium. 90% Death Rate Killed 137 million people Host is the Deer tick. Botulism & E. Coli Botulism Muscle-paralyzing disease. Food-borne Anaerobic E. Coli 1,000 of strains Undercooked meat Sewage water Lives in intestines. Bacteria can be Good Nitrogen Fixation Food Source Nitrogen gas is changed into a usable form to make proteins, DNA, RNA, & ATP Found in the roots of Legume plants. 5

6 Decomposer 6