Truly ecological or just a label? ambition and reality in building The new Federal Environment Agency s office and library complex in Dessau

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1 Truly ecological or just a label? ambition and reality in building The new Federal Environment Agency s office and library complex in Dessau Gerd Schablitzki, FEA, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany

2 Contents: History, Facts and Figures Objectives for the new building and for the library Building and technical solutions to reduce energy demand Quality assurance and monitoring in the areas of air hygiene and construction materials and energy What can we learn?

3 Photo: Mr. Busse

4 History after the reunification in 1992 decision to relocate the FEA from Berlin to Saxony-Anhalt in 1996 Dessau is fixed as legal seat; there re-use of an old brownfield area in the city 1997/1998 an international architecture competition had been carried out January 2001 approval of the planning by the ministries 2002 beginning of the construction work Mai 2005 relocation from Berlin to Dessau and start of working in the new building

5 Facts and Figures FEA has been established in 1974 as federal institution. It has to counsel the federal government and the public in all environmental aspects or questions. FEA has about employees in 6 different locations (legal seat in Dessau, 3 sites in Berlin, one in Hessen, one in Saxony and seven environmental monitoring sites). The library is located in Dessau, it s the largest german-language, environmental library. The library is open to the public.

6 Building data Total: Library: usable floor area: m² net floor area: m² gross floor area: m² usable floor area: 892 m² net floor area: 892 m² gross floor area: m² costs: 68,3 Mio. costs: 2,7 Mio.

7 General objectives for the FEA s building in Dessau Exemplary implementation of a sustainable, environmental sound administrative building integrative planning Energy Air hygiene and construction materials Flexible office concept, standardization, transparency Quality assurance and monitoring Exemplary design with regard to accessibility to people with disabilities Economic viability (investment and operating costs)

8 Cascade of objectives to reduce the energy demand site selection to support sustainable urban development (centrally located, re-use of a derelict former commercial-industrial site in the inner city) use existing buildings as far as possible minimise the surface-volume ratio of the building provide a high level of thermal insulation utilise solar gains as extensively as possible install technical equipment and installations as energy-efficient as possible utilise waste heat cover remaining demand with renewable energy sources as far as possible

9 Energy-related related targets Annual heating requirement < 30 kwh/(m² a), 50% lower than required by the Thermal Insulation Ordinance of 1995 Electricity requirement kwh/(m²bgf a) Create acceptable climate conditions mainly without mechanical cooling Cover basic heat and electricity requirement via the local utility Cover > 15% from renewable energy sources (solar-based cooling, geothermal heat exchanger, photovoltaic system) Technical and economic monitoring

10 Functional demands for the library generally open access to most of the books (ca. 1 Million stock, periodicals etc. because of the plus of comfort, but also because of decreasing staff) two special collections 12 carrels 50 working places 12 PC with Internet-accessibility good perception of the various spaces separation from library and work places of the employees, but: direct accessibility as comfortable as possible ( library of short ways ) one access lockers and sanitation in common use with the auditorium

11 Special commands for the library project had to be based on the German s Industry Standards technical report concerning libraries (DIN Fachbericht 13), including accessibility for persons in wheel chairs for those persons accessibility of the counter (for readers as well as for employees) clear orientation system (sign-posts, well contrasted stripes on the floor...) as far as functional and organisational purposes allow division of the books / collections according to their climate demands (reducing demands for air-conditioning of rooms)

12 Technical equipment in the library Ventilation by the geothermal heat exchanger; pillars are used for Lighting system: shelving light strips with daylight-sensor, presence detector and an infrared interface between the shelves ceiling lights dry sprinklering in the ancient building (109)

13 the starting point: FEA s future library, 1998

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15 library s western facade, 2007

16 Library under construction, 2003

17 FEA s library in Dessau-Roßlau under construction, Summer 2004

18 Open access; balconies with working places

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20 Use of renewable energy ressources - example: geothermal heat exchanger

21 Geothermal heat exchanger - construction, 2002

22 Interaction between soil, groundwater and geothermal heat exchanges Wechselwirkung im Feld Temperatur [ C] Depths: Level 1: UOKG 400 cm Pipe centre point: 370 cm UOKG 0-2 Level 2: UOKG 350 cm -4-6 UOKG = below land surface 16. Nov. 18. Nov. 20. Nov. 22. Nov. 24. Nov. 26. Nov. 28. Nov. 30. Nov. Außenluft Messebene 1 (beeinflusst) Grundwasser Messebene 1 (unbeeinflusst) Messebene 2 (beeinflusst) Messebene 2 (unbeeinflusst) Source: BTU Cottbus

23 Energy gains of the geothermal heat exchanger Temperaturen und Klappenstellungen im Feld 2 Temperatur [ C] ,5 2 1,5 1 0, : : : : : : : :00 Klappenstellung Difference between ambient temperature and temperature at entry into the building approx Kelvin 0 Außenlufttemperatur Eintrittstemperatur (Geb.) Erdreichtemperatur Klappe 14 Source: BTU Cottbus

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25 Quality assurance Air hygiene and construction materials Furniture Wood-based materials low in formaldehyde Wall surfaces Zero-emission silicate paint systems Floors Low-emission flooring and adhesives Metal components Low-emission paints Surfaces of wood-based panels Low-emission glazing systems on larch Quelle: GfÖB

26 Indoor air monitoring Quelle: GfÖB

27 TVOC* in indoor air *total volatile organic compounds Source: GfÖB

28 Target: < 30 kwh/(m² BGF a) Planing status: ca. 35kWh/(m² BGF a) First estimate: ca. 38 kwh/(m² BGF a) Main measures: Optimised use of daylight Use of energy-efficient lighting sources and lighting control as a function of light intensity and movement Use of energy-efficient work equipment Installation of an efficient mechanical cooling system low in pressure losses Provision of cooling mainly via an adsorption cooling machine Misc. technical equipment 17,6 % Cold 11,7 % Electricity requirement - Projections - Ventilation/Airconditioning 12,4 % Heating 6,9 % Work equipment 9,2% Lighting 15,4 % Central services 26,8 % Electricity requirement Canteen 10,4 % Computer centre 14,2 %

29 kwh/(m³ a) 1) Annual primary energy demand - Projections - 28,1 17,8 Main office building 15 10,8 10 6,8 5 0 WärmeschutzV EnEV (low-energyhouse standard) FEA with EnEVstandard Passivhausstandard 1) Primärenergie Stand 09/2005

30 Quality assurance Thermal insulation Quelle: IEMB

31 Energy certificate for public buildings under the Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV) Adding energy consumption figures in 2008 Quelle: IEMB

32 Quelle: IEMB

33 Quelle: IEMB

34 first results and evaluation concerning the library The fear of our librarians, to have long ways to realise the necessary working processes, especially because of the one floor storage for the half of the stock didn t become reality. The natural exposure and the lighting systems are evaluated very positively. After having removed the different technical problems within starting to run the building heating is no more a problem. Acoustic problems didn t appear till now. Ventilation presents generally no problem (except main entrance) and the effect of increasing comfort can be measured (max. temperature in summer below 25 C). Combined with the relocation demand has changed. This point will be seized and discussed in 2008 in order to develop a long-term concept.

35 What s to learn? Sustainable Building is not only a label, if the objectives are precise and measurable. Sustainable Building requires much more than other projects a systematic approach of proving and realising the quality demands. Building automation systems combined with a monitoring are indispensable instruments for an efficient long-term orientated use of buildings / libraries. Nevertheless: such buildings can be financed, for the reduction of costs of operation and maintenance of these buildings / libraries will more than compensate in middle and long term higher investments. High acceptance by the users and the development of appropriate, new and supplying future tasks (for libraries, but also for other public spaces) combined with best practice -examples will increase public or political readiness in those investments.

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37 Thank you for your attention!