Consense Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für nachhaltiges Bauen, Investieren und Betreiben

Transcription

1 Consense Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für nachhaltiges Bauen, Investieren und Betreiben Buildings as a temporary material stock Valentin Brenner 1 1

2 Buildings as a temporary material stock The recycling concept of the Efficiency House Plus in Berlin Dipl.-Ing. Valentin Brenner 2

3 today's reality 3

4 endless construction & demolition waste 58% of total waste from building and construction sector (Data for Germany) Source: Flickr.com, Photo: unknown 4

5 Today's waste treatment Example: Mineral demolition waste official recycling rate: 68,5 % (without Bodenaushub ) But substitution rate only 9% usage as high-quality material (e.g. concrete aggregate) only 3% Downcycling Data Surce: ARGE KwtBau, 5. Monitoring Bericht, Erhebungsjahr

6 growing demand Exploding demand for construction material worldwide 10 times since 1900 Ratio building sector: >50% Billion tons Oil crisis recession Source: US Geological Survey

7 growing demand - shrink resources Shrinking supply of important construction materials Shrinking resource-to-production-ratio Copper (construction: 48%) 32 years plastic (constr.: 25%) 45 years aluminium (constr.: 50%) 100 years Source: Chemie in unserer Zeit 4/2005; E.U. von Weizäcker - Faktor Fünf Pictures:

8 Growing anthropogenic material stock Data based on Rechberger, TU Wien 2009; Baccini

9 Embodied Energy Materials Embodied Energy up to 40% and more of Life-Cycle-Energy* recycling potential (energy-saving-potential by the use of secondary feedstock): Aluminium: 95% Copper: 70-85% Steel: 70% Glass: 68% Plastic: 80-88% *Source: C. Thormark, A low energy building in a life cycle, Building & Environment 2002 Source saving-potentials: E. U. v. Weizsa cke, Faktor 5,

10 Die Erde ist ein energetisch offenes aber stofflich begrenztes System. earth is an open system in terms of energy, but a closed system in terms of resources Q: frei nach: K.Zahn, Berlin

11 3 future options 11

12 Three options: 1. Buildings for eternity 2. Hope for future technologies 3. Design for Recycling & Reuse??! 12

13 High recycling rates in other branches 95% in automotive industry Source: BMW 13

14 Recycability as an advertising vehicle Source: Volkswagen AG 14

15 Can we do the same? Source: Volkswagen AG, WSGreenTechnologies GmbH 15

16 Competition for pilot house in Berlin 16

17 1 st Prize F87, Berlin Combination of E-Mobility and Plus-Energy-Housing Photovoltaics produce energy for house and 2 vehicles + ebike (ca. 17 MWh/a) integrated 40 kwh battery (reused car batteries) planned lifetime: 3 years recycable construction & materials Details: Efficiency House Plus in Berlin: Client: Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development Competition: Werner Sobek, Stuttgart, ILEK (Universität Stuttgart) and WSGreenTechnologies Realisation: Werner Sobek, Stuttgart, WSGreenTechnologies Construction period: 2011 (4 Month) Gross floor area: 180 m² Heating requirement: ca. 21 kwh/m²a Energy production: ca. 17 MWh/a Source: Werner Sobek, Stuttgart 17

18 F87, Opening Berlin December M. Koslik Berlin and auto-reporter.net

19 Project target - recycability completely recycable Source:, WSGreenTechnologies GmbH 19

20 Design for Recycling main principles Use of recycable materials Use of demountable joints Reduction of variety of substances Recycling compatible groups of materials Documentation of materials and recycling pathways 20

21 Proposed end-of-life methods Applied: direct re-use (e.g. PV, heat pump, furniture) material recycling (biological cycle & technical cycle) energetic utilisation (biological cycle only) material downcycling (exceptional case) Avoided: energetic utilisation of materials not renewable combustion and disposal 21

22 Cradle-to-cradle material cycles technical cycle biological cycle Source: V. Brenner, 2010; based on Cradle to Cradle, Braungart/McDonough 22

23 20 material groups defined Source: WSGreenTechnologies GmbH 23

24 Priorities of material choice construction - task NO basic materials recycable? BUILT! YES YES substitution by secondary feedstock YES mono-material-element? NO YES recycling compatible components? NO divide into recycling compatible components Source: V. Brenner, Universität Stuttgart,

25 Definition of recycling-groups (Verwertungseinheiten) recycling compatible material units Example: wood component all materials go same recycling pathway Source: V. Brenner, Universität Stuttgart, 2010; 25

26 Construction wood frame construction prefab elements screw fitting only concrete strip foundation (removable) energy core: concentrated installations in suspended ceiling defined installation zones Source: Werner Sobek, Stuttgart (top), Schwarz Architekturfotografie (bottom) 26

27 Some construction details 27 M. Koslik, Berlin

28 Ceiling structure 15 mm Wood panelling (loose assembly) 3 mm cork 2x 12.5 mm Dry plaster (loose assembly) 30 mm Wood fibre elements, carved for under floor heating pipes 25 mm Honeycomb element with mineral screed filling 25 mm OSB panel 300 mm FJI-beam with hemp insulation filling 25 mm OSB panel 45 mm Aluminium sub construction installation zone 12.5 mm Plasterboard all components demountable no glued or wet joining techniques Source: Werner Sobek, Stuttgart 28

29 Wall structure [inside to outside] 12.5 mm Plasterboard panels, painted 60 mm Installation level with hemp insulation vapor barrier 20 mm OSB panel 360 mm FJI-beams, cavity filled with cellulose insulation, blown in 2x 12.5 mm Dry plaster (loose assembly) 20 mm OSB panel moisture barrier 30 mm vertical panels 30 mm Agraffe profile (aluminium) 30 mm Thin-film PV modules all components demountable no glued or wet joining techniques Source: Werner Sobek, Stuttgart 29

30 Material allocation (mass %)* 4,6 4,1 3,4 0,6 53,7% - concrete foundations 14,4% - wood 6,4 6,7% - insulation glazing 6,2 6,7 53,7 6,2% - cellulose, hemp and cork insulation 6,4% - gypsum wallboard 4,6% - mineral screed filling 4,1% - aluminium and steel 14,4 3,4% - recycled glass panel and glasswool 0,6 % - foils, paint, other * Excluding technical installations (PV, electric, heating and plumping) and loose furniture 30

31 Thank you! M. Koslik, Berlin 31