Power Quality in Isolated Systems, Requirements and Examples Analysis.

Transcription

1 Power Quality in Isolated Systems, Requirements and Examples Analysis. Daniel CZARKOWSKI, Edward SZMIT, Polish Register of Shipping, Janusz MINDYKOWSKI, Mariusz SZWEDA, Gdynia Maritime Academy Marek OLESZ, Gdańsk University of Technology 2007 PRS S.A.

2 Overview PRS activities Power quality standards Ships Industry Instrumentation Examples of isolated systems: ORP Kontradmirał X. Czernicki e-m/v IMOR m/s Wawel UPS What influence on poor electric quality? Effects of poor quality of electric power How to increase power quality? 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 2/21

3 Polish Register of Shipping Classification society, activities: Type Approval Tests Surveys on new-built ships Surveys on existing ships Annual Survey Intermediate Survey Class renewal survey Surveys based on Rules for the Classification More details on PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 3/21

4 Considered Requirements Ships IEC :1995 Electrical installations in ships Part 101: Definitions and general requirements STANAG 1008 Characteristics of Shipboard Electrical Power Systems in Warships of the North Atlantic Treaty Navies Publication 25/P, Technical requirements for shipboard power electronic systems, 2006, Polski Rejestr Statków S.A Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-going Ships, Part VIII, Electrical Equipment and Automation, PRS S.A. Gdańsk Rules for the Classification and Construction of Navy Ships, Part VIII, Electrical Equipment and Automation, Ministry of National Defense, Warsaw Industry EN 50160:2002, Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems IEC :2003, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-4: Environment - Compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 4/21

5 Power quality based on requirements Ships Industry STANAG 1008 EN Steady-state voltage deviations +6%, -10% ±5% (±6%) ±10% ±10% Phase to phase voltage unbalance (continuous) 3% 2% 2% 2% Voltage momentary deviation ±20% ±16% (±20%) ±40% ±90% Voltage transients recovery time 1,5 s 2 s 1s 3s THD 5% 5% 8% 8% A single distortion even s.h. up to 1% (any harmonic greater than) 3% 3% odd s.h. up to 6% Steady-state frequency deviations ±5% ±3% ±2% ±4% Frequency momentary deviations ±10% ±4% (±5,5% ) ±15% agreed Frequency transients recovery time 5 s 2 s not specified 2 s 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 5/21

6 Power distribution Requirements given in our Rules Active load distribution 15% Reactive load distribution 10% Current distribution 15% New Rules for the classification of Navy Ships! 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 6/21

7 Instrumentation Software LabView sampling frequency 10kHz / 150kHz Off-line data analysis in MathCAD voltage deviations frequency deviations voltage asymmetry THD, 5 th and 25 th harmonic distortion Measurements were carried out in accordance with: IEC :2002 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-7: Testing and measurement techniques - General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto IEC Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques - Power quality measurement methods 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 7/21

8 Examples of Isolated network e-m/v IMOR ORP Kontradmirał X. Czernicki m/s Wawel Uninterruptible Power Supply 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 8/21

9 ORP Kontradmirał X. Czernicki Warship without significant non-linear consumers U [V ] ,9 91, t [s ] Voltage deviation ±5% 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 9/21

10 ORP Kontradmirał X. Czernicki 0,6 0,4 0,2 C VA <2% ,6 75, Cva [%] t [s] 2 1,8 T H D [ % ] 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,0 4,0 8,0 12,0 16,0 20,0 23,9 t [ s ] THD<5% voltage asymmetry and THD within permissible limits 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 10/21

11 ORP Kontradmirał X. Czernicki PG1 & P G2 [kw] ,2 7,8 15, ,6 38,2 45,8 53,4 t [s] Permissible active load distribution15 % Active power changes during coming into port It was recommended to check engine governors 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 11/21

12 IMOR, power network Main sources of power G1, 425 kva G2, 425 kva G3, 200 kva Propellers MPS, 315 kw MSB, 315 kw APA, 72 kw ASB, 72 kw A P S M P S PWM converters, type CXI made by Vacon G 1 G 2 G 3 Q M S 1 M S 2 A S B M S B Increasing reliability by dividing main busbar! 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 12/21

13 IMOR, curves U [V] , , ,5 u(t) [V] , t [s ] t[ms] f [Hz ]] 51 50,8 50,6 50,4 50, , t [s ] Cva [%] 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0, t [s ] accessible parameters! 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 13/21

14 IMOR, 3.5 khz [%] 6 zawartoϾ3463 Hz [% ] Contents 3463 Hz [%] czas t [min.] Switching frequency of the aft drives converters, 3.5 khz A single distortion more than 3%! It was recommended to install marine RFI filters 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 14/21

15 m/s Wawel a) Urms(1/2) [V] ferry with 6,5 kv and 60 Hz network t 1 t 2 t 3 63 b) 62, 5 62 [Hz] 61, , t [s] 0 9, t [s] 9, 64 voltage momentary deviation, 23%! permissible acc. to IEC ±20% acc. to STANAG 1008 ±16% (±20%) 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 15/21

16 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 16/ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :25 Within limits! , ,5 THDV 1 [%] , V 1 [V] ,5 thdv1 [%] Avg thdv1 [%] Max V1 [V] Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : V 1 [V] V1 [V] Min V1 [V] Avg V1 [V] Max 228 UPS, 120 kva

17 What influence on poor electric quality? Consumers such as: main propeller, bow/aft thrusters, converters. During ship s service, at least every 5 years, parameter measurements should be performed (including harmonic distortions) in the case when The rated power of biggest of power electronic systems exceeds 50% rated power of one of generating-sets supplying it or Total power of all installed power electronic systems exceeds 30% rated power of ship s electric plant. nonlinear devices! 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 17/21

18 An Example Motor supplied by voltage with parameters Voltage, U=377 V Frequency, f=51.85 Hz THD, 12.45% 11 C additional temperature increase For insulation F class additional increase 9.3 C could shorten insulation life time two times. [5] P. Gnaciński, J. Mindykowski, T. Tarasiuk, Thermal Phenomena in Electric Machines in the Wake of Electric Power Quality in Ships Networks. 8 th International Conference Electrical Power Quality and Utilization, Cracow PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 18/21

19 Results of poor power quality Sources of electric power: overheating insulation, coils, which result in aging of electrical insulation materials and damage of bearings. Consumers: overheating of stator and rotor of electric motors, hazard of bearings damage depends on overheating rotor, increased temperature of insulation and in fact, faster aging, not intended deenergizing switches, distortions of equipment installed on board such as navigation equipment, personal computers, as well as in industry. Electrical network: both, ship network as well as industry network, are exposed to cables overheating due to resonance phenomena, reduced current-carrying capacities in wiring system due to skin effect, overheating and faster aging of transformers PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 19/21

20 Way from disturbances to a shipwreck Failure Risk of shipwreck Malfunction Economic loses Disturbances Threat to environment and health 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 20/21

21 How to increase power quality? Measurements: Publication no 25/P, Technical requirements for shipboard power electronic systems, Publication 11/P, Environmental Tests on Marine Equipment, Publication 75/P, Environmental Tests on Naval Ships Equipment, After measurements applying: Active filters, Passive filters. New Requirements given in Publication no 25/P 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 21/21

22 Summary Electric power quality on IMOR was worse in comparison with (Czernicki, Wawel) Reports and publications: Technical Report no 48, Power quality on a selected ship, Gdańsk 2004, Technical Report no 51, Power quality on motor ship IMOR, Gdańsk 2006, Publication no 25, Technical Requirements for shipboard power electronic systems, Gdańsk Action taken: PRS introduced obligatory power measurements 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 22/21

23 Thank you for your attention! PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 23/21