UK Yearbook 2015 Cattle

Transcription

1 UK Yearbook 2015 Cattle

2 AHDB Beef and Lamb Stoneleigh Park Kenilworth Warwickshire CV8 2TL Tel: beefandlamb.ahdb.org.uk Cover pictures: Cattle stockfotoart/shutterstock.com Sheep - Kelly Fletcher/Shutterstock.com Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including by photocopy or storage in any medium by electronic means) or any copy or adaptation stored, published or distributed (by physical, electronic or other means) without the prior permission in writing of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, other than by reproduction in an unmodified form for the sole purpose of use as an information resource when the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board is clearly acknowledged as the source, or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act All rights reserved. All other trademarks, logos and brand names contained in this publication are the trademarks of their respective holders. No rights are granted without the prior written permission of the relevant owners. While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. ISBN:

3 Contents UK Yearbook 2015 Cattle Page 1. Introduction Marketing Chain Meat balance sheet, UK, Product flows in the cattle marketing chain, UK, Livestock Numbers Density of beef breeding cows, UK, June Cattle numbers by category, UK, June Cattle numbers by region, UK, June Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK Slaughterings and Production Red meat production, UK, Trends in red meat production, UK, Cattle slaughterings, UK, Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, Changes in regional share of cattle slaughterings, UK, Prime cattle average carcase weights, UK, Liveweight/deadweight cattle marketings, GB, Beef and veal production by region, UK, Consumption Meat consumption, UK, Trends in meat consumption, UK, Per capita meat consumption, UK, Self-sufficiency rates, UK, Household expenditure on food and drink, UK, Share of expenditure on main food groups, UK,

4 Contents Page 5.7 Changes in source of retail meat purchases, UK, Per capita beef consumption by region, UK, Weekly household expenditure on beef by region, UK, Retail expenditure profile for beef, UK, Livestock and Meat Prices Deadweight cattle prices, GB, Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, Seasonality of beef prices, GB, Liveweight cattle prices, GB, Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, Store cattle prices, England and Wales, Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, Imports and Exports Volume and value of beef imports, UK, Imports of fresh/frozen beef by source, UK, Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, Imports of beef by product, UK, Volume and value of beef exports, UK, Exports of fresh/frozen beef by destination, UK, Abattoirs Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, Size profile of red meat abattoirs, England, Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, Auction Markets Auction market throughputs by region, GB, Auction market centres by region, GB, Auction markets held by region, GB, Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB,

5 Contents 10. Carcase Classification Percentage distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, Percentage distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, Percentage change in distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, Percentage change in prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, Notes...32

6 Introduction Introduction The latest edition of the AHDB Beef and Lamb yearbook delivers key statistics from 2014, a challenging year for the UK beef industry. Where the previous few years were characterised by record prices and 2013 had barely begun when horsegate hit the headlines, 2014 will be remembered as the year of the beef crisis. With increased domestic production and increased imports, the volume of beef on the UK market was higher than year earlier levels for much of last year. These increased supplies, at some times during the year, met a lacklustre demand, with the fine weather and strong prices discouraging consumers. As such, the supply/demand balance was, at times, out of kilter and very unfavourable for producers, with farmgate prices coming under serious and sustained pressure for a large part of the year. In July, the all prime average price was at its low point in the year at around 325p/kg on a deadweight basis, having fallen 50p/kg since the early part of the year. At this level, prices were at their lowest point since mid However, despite this, while processors were applying increasing penalties to some cattle which were outside market specifications, prices for steers and heifers meeting tight supermarket specifications still consistently fared better. The second half of the year saw a modestly improved situation to the first half, and farmgate prices demonstrated some seasonal strengthening in the run-up to the Christmas period. For the year as a whole, at 360p/kg the R4L average, while being behind that of the year earlier, was still significantly ahead of its average over the previous five-year period. The total number of prime cattle slaughtered at UK abattoirs in the year increased almost 2% on the year to 1.96 million head. In addition to the overall position of more prime cattle being slaughtered, on the back of improved conditions and lower feed costs, carcase weights for steers and heifers were also higher on the year earlier, up 6.8kg and 8.7kg, respectively, at 367.5kg and 324.6kg. The UK adult cattle kill for the year fell almost 2% to 597,000 head. The difficult weather conditions in 2012/13 impacted on adult cattle supplies, while high prices and limited supplies of feed led to an increase in slaughterings in Beef and veal production was 4% up on the year at 877,000 tonnes. Availability had a positive impact on export performance, increasing 6% on the year earlier. While the top five export destinations for the year as a whole continued to be other EU member states, their collective share of trade fell compared to the year earlier. Hong Kong became a more important market for British beef last year, as did a wide range of smaller markets. The year saw another positive move away from exporting carcases towards higher priced cuts. The unit value of exports fell slightly compared to the year earlier, which meant that the overall value of exports was broadly unchanged on the year at 375 million. With shortages of beef in markets such as the US and Australia this year, the prospects for beef exports could be promising. The recent announcement on the opening of the US market to Irish beef sends an important and positive signal to the other EU member states which have requested the US to re-establish access. The contents of the 2015 AHDB Beef and Lamb yearbook provide an overview of facts and figures from the beef and sheep meat sectors during We hope it serves as a useful reference guide for industry and other interested stakeholders. 1

7 Marketing Chain 2.1 Meat balance sheet, UK, Beef and veal (000 tonnes) Production Imports Fresh/frozen Processed Exports Total consumption 1, , , ,149.1 Note: Total supplies of meat available for consumption, including imported processed meat. Net production figures are for standard 52-week years. Note: All fresh meat and processed products have been converted to carcase weight equivalent (cwe). Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, Defra, GTIS/HMRC 2.2 Product flows in the cattle marketing chain, UK, 2014 (Volumes are cwe) Exc. from food chain 10,000 head Prime cattle slaughterings 1.96 million head Cows and bull disposals 607,000 head Calf disposals 232,000 head Value of product 2,795 million Cow and bull slaughter 597,000 head Calf slaughter 112,000 head (recorded) 120,000 (est unrecorded) Liveweight sales - 20% Prime cattle = 13% Cows/bulls = 31% 0.44 million head 439 million Meat exports Total 142,000 tonnes Carcase 132,000 tonnes Processed 10,000 tonnes Total 403 million Slaughtered production Total: 877,000 tonnes Prime cattle: 683,000 tonnes Cows/bulls: 189,000 tonnes Calves: 5,000 tonnes Wholesalers/ depots/traders Total beef & veal usage 1,149 million tonnes 8,061 million Deadweight sales - 80% Prime cattle = 87% Cows/bulls = 69% 2.56 million head 2,356 million Meat imports Total 414,000 tonnes Carcase 315,000 tonnes Processed 99,000 tonnes Total 1,212 million Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, Defra, GTIS 2

8 Livestock Numbers 3.1 Density of beef breeding cows, UK, June 2013 Number per 100 hectares of farmed land. No Data < >30 Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 3

9 Livestock Numbers 3.2 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June (000 head) Jun 2011 Jun 2012 Jun 2013 Jun 2014 Female cattle aged 2 years or more: 4,305 4,229 4,177 4,228 Breeding herd (cattle which have calved): 3,482 3,463 3,393 3,411 Beef 1,687 1,666 1,611 1,569 Dairy 1,796 1,796 1,782 1,841 Other female cattle (not calved or in calf for first time): Beef Dairy Female cattle aged between 1 and 2 years: 1,372 1,394 1,414 1,373 Beef Dairy Female cattle less than 1 year: 1,532 1,549 1,492 1,499 Beef 993 1, Dairy All male cattle: 2,779 2,779 2,761 2,737 2 years and over to 2 years 1,050 1,030 1,060 1,011 Under 1 year 1,343 1,381 1,316 1,302 Total cattle and calves 9,988 9,952 9,844 9,837 Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 4

10 Livestock Numbers 3.3 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June (000 head) Dairy cows Beef cows Total cattle & calves England , , , , , , , ,374 Wales , , , ,103 Scotland , , , ,793 Northern Ireland , , , ,567 Note: Dairy and beef cows defined as breeding females over 2 years old with offspring. Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 5

11 Livestock Numbers 3.4 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June No. of dairy cow holdings Average dairy herd size No. of beef cow holdings Average beef herd size Total cattle holdings England , , , , , , , , , , , ,215 Wales , , , , , , , , , , , ,040 Scotland , , , , , , , , , , , ,386 Northern Ireland , , , , , , , , , , , ,781 Note: Dairy herd sizes are based on number of holdings with dairy cattle rather than number of registered dairy producers. Dairy and beef cows defined as breeding females over 2 years old with offspring. Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 6

12 Livestock Numbers 3.5 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK 11% England (June 2013) 26,990 beef cow holdings 4% 40% % 31% 29% Wales (June 2013) 8,910 beef cow holdings 10% 3% 38% % 19% Scotland (June 2013) 9,481 beef cow holdings 21% 13% 24% % 25% Northern Ireland (June 2013) 15,356 beef cow holdings 5% 1% 44% % Note: Beef cows defined as breeding females over 2 years old with offspring. Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 7

13 Slaughterings and Production 4.1 Red meat production, UK, (000 tonnes) Beef and veal Lamb and mutton Pig meat Offal Total red meat (a) , , , ,038 Note: Figures are 52-week year equivalents (a) Excludes offal Source: Defra 4.2 Trends in red meat production, UK, ,200 1, tonnes Source: Defra Beef and veal Lamb and mutton Pig meat 8

14 Slaughterings and Production 4.3 Cattle slaughterings, UK, (000 head) Prime cattle Cows and bulls Calves Total cattle and calves , , , , , , , ,669 Note: Figures are 52-week year equivalents Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, (000 head) UK England Wales Scotland N Ireland ,838 1, ,681 1, ,625 1, ,669 1, Note: Figures are 52-week year equivalents Note: Regional breakdown does not include heavy calves as data not available Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 9

15 Slaughterings and Production 4.5 Changes in regional share of cattle slaughtering, UK, % 21% 2% 63% England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland 15% % 6% 61% England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 4.6 Prime cattle average carcase weights, UK, (kg dw) Steers Heifers Young bulls Prime cattle Note: Figures are 52-week year equivalents Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 10

16 Slaughterings and Production 4.7 Liveweight/deadweight cattle marketings, GB, % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Liveweight Deadweight Source: Defra, AHDB Beef and Lamb 4.8 Beef and veal production by region, UK, (000 tonnes) UK England Wales Scotland N Ireland Note: Figures are 52-week year equivalents Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 11

17 Consumption 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, (000 tonnes) Beef and veal Lamb Pig meat Poultry Total meat , ,559 2,070 5, , ,564 2,091 5, , ,532 2,103 5, , ,570 2,129 5,146 Note: Total supplies of meat available for consumption, both in and outside the home. Includes imported meat products. Source: Defra 5.2 Trends in meat consumption, UK, ,500 2, tonnes 1,500 1, Beef & veal Lamb Pig meat Poultry Source: Defra 12

18 Consumption 5.3 Per capita meat consumption, UK, (kg per person) Beef and veal Lamb Pig meat Poultry Total meat Note: Includes meat in meals eaten both in and outside the home. Includes imported meat products. Source: AHDB, Defra, GTIS 5.4 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, % Beef and veal Lamb Pig meat Poultry Total meat Source: AHDB 13

19 Consumption 5.5 Household expenditure on food and drink, UK, Average pence per person per week Total food and non alcoholic drink 2,492 2,598 2,662 Total food 2,441 2,542 2,608 Total beverages Meat, poultry and meat products Bread, cereals and cereal products Vegetables, incl potatoes Milk, cheese and eggs Sugar, preserves and confectionery Fruit Fish Oils and fats Other food and drink Note: Total beverages does not include alcoholic or soft drinks. Source: Defra Food Survey 5.6 Share of expenditure on main food groups, UK, % 23.8% 2.2% 4.9% 8.8% 4.9% 11.8% 14.1% 13.7% Meat and poultry Vegetables Sugar, preserves and confectionery Fish Other Source: Defra Food Survey Bread and cereals Milk, cheese and eggs Fruit Oils and fats 14

20 Consumption 5.7 Changes in source of retail meat purchases, UK, % 11.3% 0.3% 4.7% 2.5% 2.3% 74.9% Top 5 multiples Freezer centres Total independents and symbols Other retailers (non-grocers) Hard discounters Other multiples Total butchers % 9.8% 7.7% 4.0% 2.0% 8.0% 67.8% Top 5 multiples Freezer centres Total independents and symbols Other retailers (non-grocers) Hard discounters Other multiples Total butchers Source: Kantar World Panel 15

21 Consumption 5.8 Per capita beef consumption by region, UK, 2013 kg per person Note: Carcase meat only. Excludes meat in meals outside the home. Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government g per person per week United Kingdom England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Weekly household expenditure on beef by region, UK, /per person/per week England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Note: Carcase meat only. Excludes meat in meals outside the home. Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 16

22 Consumption 5.10 Retail expenditure profile for beef, UK, Fresh/frozen beef 2,171 million 11% 3% 37% 21% 28% Mince Steaks Roasts Stewing Other 2014 Processed beef 1,764 million 19% 9% 17% 6% 4% 23% 17% 5% Burgers and grills Chilled main meal accompaniments (a) Chilled ready meals Frozen ready meals Meat and pastry products Frozen meat products Sliced cooked meats Other (b) (a) Includes single protein meal solutions (b) Includes beef and pastry products and snacks Source: Kantar World Panel 17

23 Livestock and Meat Prices 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, Steers Young bulls (p per kg) R4L Overall R4L Overall Heifers Cull cows (p per kg) R4L Overall -O4L Overall Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb 18

24 Livestock and Meat Prices 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, (p per kg) Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows England and Wales Scotland Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb 6.3 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, p per kg dw Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Note: Based on GB monthly deadweight cattle prices for steers. Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb 19

25 Livestock and Meat Prices 6.4 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, (p per kg) All prime cattle Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA, IAAS 6.5 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, Friesian/Holstein X Hereford X Continental X ( per head) Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA 20

26 Livestock and Meat Prices 6.6 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, Yearlings 18 Months ( per head) Steers Heifers Steers Heifers Friesian/Holstein X Hereford X Continental X Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA 6.7 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, (p per kg) Ave. farm price Ave. retail price (a) Actual price spread Producer share of retail price (%) Others share of retail price (%) (b) (a) Retail prices converted to an untrimmed carcase equivalent and adjustment made for drip loss. (b) This is the share received by rest of supply chain, including retailers, processers and wholesalers. Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb

27 Imports and Exports 7.1 Volume and value of beef imports, UK, Fresh/frozen Processed Offal (000 tonnes) ( million) (000 tonnes) ( million) (000 tonnes) ( million) Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef by source, UK, (000 tonnes) Fresh/frozen beef & veal of which: bone-in boneless frozen fresh/chilled of which from: EU Irish Republic Netherlands Germany Poland Spain Non-EU Australia Namibia Brazil Uruguay Botswana New Zealand Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS 22

28 Imports and Exports 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, (000 tonnes) Corned beef of which from: Brazil France Argentina Other processed beef of which from: Irish Republic Brazil Beef offal of which from: Irish Republic Netherlands Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS 7.4 Imports of beef by product, UK, % 41.4% 1.1% 5% 0.1% 10.1% 19% Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS 23 Chilled boneless Frozen boneless Chilled carcases Frozen carcases Chilled bone-in Frozen bone-in Procesed

29 Imports and Exports 7.5 Volume and value of beef exports, UK, Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS Fresh/frozen beef and veal Offal (000 tonnes) ( million) (000 tonnes) ( million) Exports of fresh/frozen beef by destination, UK, (000 tonnes) Fresh/frozen beef & veal of which: bone-in boneless frozen fresh/chilled of which to: EU Irish Republic Netherlands France Belgium Italy Germany Spain Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS 24

30 Abattoirs 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, Abattoir numbers Throughput (000 GBU) 7,320 7,394 7,583 7,629 Average throughput (GBU) 36,971 37,919 39,292 41,021 Types of abattoirs Killing cattle Killing sheep Killing pigs Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, England, Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, Size group (GBU) Number of abattoirs Total throughput (GBU) Average throughput (GBU) Share of throughput (%) 1-1, , ,001-5, ,173 2, ,001-10, ,269 7, ,001-20, ,361 14, ,001-30, ,652 26, ,001-50, ,021 38, , , ,439,865 71, >100, ,618, , Total 186 7,629,972 41, Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb Size group (head) Number of abattoirs Total throughput (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-1, , ,001-5, ,336 2, ,001-10, ,365 6, ,001-20, ,076 14, ,001-30, ,605 26, ,001-50, ,856 40, >50, ,492 70, Total 157 1,547,305 9, Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb

31 Auction Markets 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2014 (000 head) England Wales Scotland GB Steers Heifers Young bulls Total prime cattle Cull cows New season lambs 2, ,931 Old season lambs 1, ,227 Total sheep 3,891 1, ,158 Cull ewes 1, ,949 Total clean pigs Cull sows Note: Data relates to finished markets only Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA, IAAS 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, England Wales Scotland GB Note: Data relates to finished markets only Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA, IAAS 26

32 Auction Markets 9.3 Auction markets held by region, GB, England Wales Scotland GB ,074 1, , ,151 1, , ,211 1, , ,225 1, ,549 Note: Data relates to finished markets only Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA, IAAS 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2014 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total marketings (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-2, , ,501-5, ,762 3, ,001-7, ,130 6, ,501-10, ,230 8, ,001-12, ,330 11, >12, ,048 19, Total ,483 4, Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA, IAAS 27

33 Auction Markets 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2014 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total marketings (head) Average throughput (head) 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2014 Share of throughput (%) 1-2, , ,501-5, ,435 3, ,001-7, ,099 6, ,501-10, ,694 8, ,001-12, ,982 10, >12, ,048 19, Total ,241 5, Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total marketings (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-2, , ,501-5, ,883 3, ,001-7, ,501-10, ,536 8, ,001-12, >12, Total 16 24,981 1, Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA 28

34 Auction Markets 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2014 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total marketings (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-2, , ,501-5, ,444 4, ,001-7, ,031 6, ,501-10, ,001-12, ,348 11, >12, Total 17 67,261 3, Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, IAAS 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2014 Head % share Total throughput 254, Top 3 52, Top 5 80, Top , largest auction markets (a): Bridgnorth Northallerton Darlington Sedgemoor Ludlow Selby Market Drayton Thirsk Newark York (a) In alphabetical, not size order. Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb, LAA, IAAS 29

35 Carcase Classification 10.1 Percentage distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, (%) Steers Heifers Young bulls Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb 10.2 Percentage distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2014 Fat class Increasing fatness Prime cattle L 4H 5L 5H Total Conformation class Improving conformation E U U R O O P P Total Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb 10.3 Percentage change in distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, Fat class (%) 1 & Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb Conformation class (%) E U R O P

36 Carcase Classification 10.4 Percentage change in prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, % 8.6% 41.7% 34.1% Target: E-R conformation and 1-4L fat Lean but of poor conformation Too fat Too fat and of poor conformation % 4.1% 54.5% 31.3% Target: E-R conformation and 1-4L fat Lean but of poor conformation Too fat Too fat and of poor conformation Source: AHDB Beef and Lamb 31

37 Notes Notes The Marketing chain The information given in this section has been produced by AHDB Beef and Lamb. It includes data derived from a number of sources as detailed elsewhere in the publication. In addition, and in order to give as full a picture as possible of the UK meat market, data in some areas has been estimated, based on various surveys and known information. Livestock numbers The survey and census figures are collected for the United Kingdom and its regions by the various Agriculture Departments: Defra, Dardni, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government. The census of agricultural holdings is carried out in June each year. December data is sample data. Slaughterings and production Slaughterings and production figures are provided by the UK Agriculture Departments; data for OTMS and OCDS cattle is sourced from RPA. Further analysis, such as average carcase weights and the deadweight/liveweight marketing split, has been undertaken by AHDB Beef and Lamb. Consumption The data shown comes from a variety of sources, which are shown underneath each table. Due to the different methodologies employed by the various sources, it is sometimes not possible to make comparisons between the tables. It is, therefore, important that note is taken of the footnotes to the tables which indicate, for example, whether imported processed products are included or not, and if consumption both in and outside the home has been measured. Livestock and meat prices All data is sourced from AHDB Beef and Lamb unless otherwise indicated. Deadweight producer prices are collected from a sample of abattoirs, while liveweight producer prices are collected from a large sample of auction markets. For more information about how this data is collected, contact the Market Intelligence Department of AHDB Beef and Lamb. Prices from auction markets were not available throughout most of 2001 because the incidence of Foot and Mouth Disease led to the closure of all auction markets. The recording of cull cow prices restarted in 2006 when measures imposed because of BSE were relaxed and cull cows were marketed once more. 32

38 Notes Imports and exports Statistics for trade between the UK and non-eu countries are collected by HM Revenue & Customs at the point of entry and exit. For trade with other EU countries, the data is taken from Global Trade Information Services (GTIS). The trade figures are subject to revision as more information becomes available. Abattoirs Statistics shown are based on data collected by AHDB Beef and Lamb. For comparison purposes, some of the throughput figures are quoted in GB Livestock Units (GBU) where 1 GBU = 1 cattle beast = 2 pigs = 5 sheep. All data for the cattle sector excludes OTMS/OCDS cattle. Auction markets All data is based on sales of finished stock only from markets which reported prices to AHDB Beef and Lamb. For comparison purposes, some of the throughput figures are quoted in GB Livestock Units (GBU) where: 1 GBU = 1 cattle beast = 2 pigs = 5 sheep. Carcase classification All data is sourced from AHDB Beef and Lamb, based on carcases classified by Meat and Livestock Commercial Services Ltd. For cattle, the sampling rate of carcases in 2014 was 1 in 3 and 450,094 carcases were analysed. For sheep, the sampling rate was 1 in 25 with 148,614 carcases analysed. 33