Colony: a territory under the control of a larger nation British Colonies began as businesses chartered by the government and funded by investors

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2 Colony: a territory under the control of a larger nation British Colonies began as businesses chartered by the government and funded by investors Charter: a written contract issued by a government giving a company the right to a establish a colony

3 Resources Discovery of gold and silver Tobacco Corn Mercantilism: the belief that a nation s wealth is based on the amount of precious metals (gold & silver) they own Through exportation and accumulation of precious metals, business boomed The British government could tax these businesses The British economy thrived Competition Spain and France had found success Religious freedom Disagreed with the Church of England

4 Colonies Provide raw materials/precious metals Buy finished goods Could trade only with England England Imports cheap materials from colonies Exports finished goods to colonies and other nations

5 We must always take heed that we buy no more from strangers than we sell them, for so should we impoverish ourselves and enrich them.

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7 Hostile Native Americans Poor soil Wild, untamed land Harsh winters Humid summers Disease There were never Englishmen left in a foreign country in such misery as we were in this newly discovered Virginia.

8 Native American Perspective No tribe has the right to sell, even to each other, much less to strangers...sell a country! Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Didn't the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children? European Perspective A right to property is founded in our natural wants, in the means with which we are endowed to satisfy these wants, and the right to what we acquire by those means without violating the similar rights of other sensible beings.

9 The Lost Colony of Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh created England s first colony Violent Native American tribes Wild, untamed land Cold, harsh winters Starvation We found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly enclosed with a high fence of great trees, and one of the chief trees had bark taken off, and five foot from the ground in fair capital letters was carved CROATOAN.

10 Settled by the Virginia Company of London Year #1: 62 of the original 100 settlers died Year #2: settlers resorted to eating rodents and snakes Year #7: tobacco trade saved the colony Year #15: the Powhatan attacked and killed 25% of the population Year #16: the Virginia Company failed and Jamestown became a royal colony (owned by the king)

11 The Virginia Company allowed colonists to own their own land (property ownership) created the House of Burgesses, a group of elected representatives who made decisions/passed laws for the colony (democratic republic) Protested when the king eliminated the House of Burgesses (right to protest)

12 New England colonies New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut Middle colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Southern colonies Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

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14 Formed by religious dissenters (people who disagree w/ the common view) Mostly wealthy, highly skilled, and educated Most populated region (cities) Economy Fishing Fur trade Timber Iron Ships Difficult to farm Subsistence farming: farming that produced only enough to feed the people in town No plantation farms = no need for slavery We must be knit together in this work We must delight in each other, make others conditions our own and rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together. For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill; the eyes of all people are on us.

15 Pilgrims Location: Plymouth Wanted complete separation from the Church of England Nearly starved to death Taught by Native Americans to plant native crops (Thanksgiving) Puritans Location: Massachusetts Bay Wanted to change the Church of England Founded Boston Valued hard work, education, and representative government Both were self-governed, they elected officials and made their own laws separate from England

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18 Not all Puritans agreed Violence toward Natives? Forced church attendance? Separation of church and state (government)? Religious freedom? Many left to form their own colonies Rhode Island (the only New England colony to accept ALL religions) New Hampshire Connecticut

19 THE QUAKERS Believed Ministers/pastors were unnecessary Women were spiritually equal to men Eventually founded Pennsylvania William Penn

20 Watch the videos below and using the information and notes, complete the Pilgrims, Puritans, Quakers chart. Pilgrims: Puritans: Quakers:

21 THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT We, whose names are underwritten. having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and the honor of our King and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia

22 We have changed our interest. The Interest of New England was religion, which did distinguish us from other English colonies. Now we begin to espouse a Worldly Interest and so choose a new God.

23 Tobacco and rice industry Plantation farming (no cities) Fertile soil and year-round crops Labor-intensive Required slaves or indentured servants (people who worked for a set time without pay in exchange for free passage to America) About 68% of the 235,000 African slaves lived in the South and made up nearly half of the entire South s population Religious acceptance The Act of Toleration banned religious persecution Wealthy Valuable goods (tobacco/rice) + slave labor = $$$$$$$$$$ My father had among his slaves carpenters, coopers, sawyers, blacksmiths, tanners, curriers, shoemakers, spinners, weavers and knitters, and even a distiller.

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26 New York was originally New Amsterdam Originally founded by the Dutch England brought ships and forced the Dutch to surrender Perfect for farming Rich soil Mild winters Did not rely heavily on slaves Poor immigrants became wealthy landowners Fur, cattle, grain, tobacco, iron, ships, timber In many ways, the middle colonies were a blend between New England and the southern colonies Religious and ethnic diversity Quakers, German Lutherans, French Protestants, etc All persons shall, in no ways, be prejudiced for their religious persuasion, or practice, in matters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled at any time, to frequent or maintain any religious worship.

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28 A letter to the Native Americans: I am very sensible to the unkindness and injustice which have been too much exercised toward you by the people of these parts of the world I have a great love and regard toward you, and desire to win and gain your love and friendship by a kind, just and peaceable life.

29 In small groups, you will be assigned one of the three regions New England Middle Colonies Southern Colonies You will create a poster indicating important information about your colony States within region Type of industry Founders Any other essential details Afterward, you will conduct a gallery walk and complete a similarities and differences chart about the three regions

30 Navigation Acts: laws passed by England to guarantee profit All goods had to be carried on English ships or on ships made in the English colonies Products such as tobacco, wood, and sugar could be sold only to England or its colonies European imports to the colonies had to pass through English ports Officials were to tax any colonial goods not shipped to England Led to smugglers (people who import or export goods illegally) and pirates (people who would steal from colonial ships)

31 Write 1-2 paragraphs (5-8 sentences each) comparing and contrasting the three colonies (New England, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies) Due Wednesday August 8 th