Europe s Parking U-Turn. Michael Kodransky CSE Parking Reforms for a Livable City New Delhi, India August 17, 2011

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1 Europe s Parking U-Turn Michael Kodransky CSE Parking Reforms for a Livable City New Delhi, India August 17, 2011

2 TDM tools that can influence driving behavior Land use reforms Fuel prices HOV lanes, Carpooling Congestion pricing Carsharing Employer incentives and disincentives Parking pricing and management

3 Private Vehicle Trend in Chennai 295% in 10 yrs. Source: Statistics Wing, Department of Transport of Tamil Nadu

4 One of Ecobici s 9,000 daily trips

5 One of Ecobici s 9,000 daily trips

6 One of Ecobici s 9,000 daily trips

7 Why do Danes cycle? 1% 6% 19% 61% Environment Cheap Exercise Convenient, Fast and Easy Copenhagen Bicycle Account 2006

8 One of Ecobici s 9,000 daily trips

9 One of Ecobici s 9,000 daily trips

10 Breda, The Netherlands BEFORE AFTER

11 Barcelona, Spain

12 Pricing Matters Grosvenor Square in London Photo from TRL

13 On-Street 4-Wheeler Cost Comparison First Hour Fees *Currencies converted as of July 26, 2011

14 Earmarking/Ring fencing Parking Funds London: Freedom Passes Elderly and disabled ride for free Barcelona: Bicing Bicycle Share Program First city to use 100% of surplus from on-street parking fees to finance a public bicycle sharing scheme Bicing. Antwerp to follow. Antwerp: Parking fines are invested into public transport

surplus from on-street parking fees to finance a public bicycle sharing scheme

15 Parking Benefits Districts Boulder, Colorado, USA

16 Amsterdam Residential Parking Permits

17 London Borough of Camden CO 2 Based Residential Parking Permit Costs

18 The walking distance to a parking place has to be at least as long as the walking distance to the public transport stop Hermann Knoflacher, Inventor of Walkmobile

19 Parking Podiums Chicago Bangkok

20 India Stilt Buildings

22 Minimum Residential Parking Standards

23 Transit Access and Parking Standards Paris: 100% discount if a development is 500 meters from a metro stop. Strasbourg: 50% discount if development less than 500 meters from a public transportation stop.

24 Existing Supply Scan Stockholm: Developers contact Stockholm Parkering to help find available parking spaces off-site to satisfy parking regulations. Strasbourg: When building permits are granted, construction projects clustered in an area are analyzed and unused spaces nearby are shared or consolidated.

25 Mobile Phone Parking Payments London (Westminster): Verrus gets 10% of revenue Lost 200,000 a week from theft before going cashless Stockholm: EasyPark gets 3% of revenue Customer pays subscription fee to EasyPark of 3 per month and a per parking transaction fee of 50 euro cents Amsterdam: Parkmobile/Parkline/SMS Parking get 4-5% of the revenue All payments in 2010 will require license plate input.

26 Illegal Parking & Enforcement Amsterdam Scan Car 6 cameras (3 on each side) Moves at 40 km/hr Takes 160 photos/sec 3 wardens on scooters follow 98% accuracy

27 Cost of Parking Software and Hardware Surveillance software (PTV and PDA) $150,000 Surcharge handling software $250,000 Mobile payment complex system $1,500,000 SIEMENS PTV (solar panel, battery powered, bank card accepting) PDA with GPS (without printer, that's additional 1,000 USD / piece) $10,000/piece $2,500/piece Hardware for control center $150,000 Estimated total initial outlay: > $2,062,500

28 Paris: On-Street Parking Case Study

29 Paris On-Street Space Reclamations 4,000 removed to accommodate 1,451 new Velib stations that hold about 20,000 public rental bikes. >100 km of new bicycle lanes installed. Space was also reallocated for motorcycle parking, bicycle parking, disabled parking and tramway corridor access.

30 Paris On-Street Parking Supply Trend Overall on-street parking supply was reduced by 9% (14,300 spaces) Data Source: Paris Transport and Travel Report (2007)

31 Data Source: Paris Transport and Travel Report (2007) 95% of free spots were turned into paid parking spaces

32 Impact of Paris Parking Reforms VKT: by 13% Share of private vehicles in traffic: 68% to 60% Cyclists shifting from car commuting: 5% Data Source: Paris Transport and Travel Report (2007)

33 Paris Bollard Measure Approximately 335,000 bollards installed on the edge of sidewalks to prevent cars from illegally parking. > Rs. 961 million invested in this initiative since 2001 Bollard costs approximately Rs. 1,540-2,439 each + Rs. 1,925 each for the labor to install them

34 Zurich: Off-Street Parking Case Study

35 Zurich Transit Access Plot RED: Very good access to public transport YELLOW: Good access to public transport BORDER LINE: Emphasizes the capacity gaps

36 Parking Requirements Based on Access to Transit Area Minimum (%) Maximum (%) *Maximum 2 (%) A B C D Remaining Areas *Related to clean air regulations and road capacity

37 Zurich Progressive Parking Charges

38 Zurich Mode Split Trend (2000 & 2005)

39 Street Design

40 Play Street Antwerp, Belgium

41 Copenhagen, Denmark

42 Traffic Calming Parking Chicane Zurich, Switzerland

43 Woonerf in Amsterdam, The Netherlands

44 Parking Protected Cycle Path Stockholm, Sweden

45 Multi-modal Station with Park Once facility Hamburg, Germany (Altona District)

46 Learn More Connect with facebook.com/itdp.org youtube.com/itdp1 flickr.com/itdp

Welcome to Bremen. Michael Glotz-Richter, Senior Project Manager Sustainable Mobility, Free Hanseatic City of Bremen

Welcome to Bremen. Michael Glotz-Richter, Senior Project Manager Sustainable Mobility, Free Hanseatic City of Bremen Welcome to Bremen Michael Glotz-Richter, Senior Project Manager Sustainable Mobility, Free Hanseatic City of Bremen Welcome to Bremen Free Hanseatic City of Bremen 547.000 inhabitants (city) Bremen Welcome