Effects of offshore wind farms on birds
|
|
- Miranda Hopkins
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 AARHUS VERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE 11. OCTOBER 2012 Effects of offshore wind farms on birds Ib Krag Petersen, Anthony D. Fox, Mark Desholm, Johnny Kahlert and Thomas K. Christensen Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Denmark
2 Save the Planet or protect nature Either / or Neither / nor Both / and
3 OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION Legal framework Defining the problem a) Barrier effects b) Displacement effects c) Colission effects Assessing the impact a) with examples Quantify the impact Summing up
4 AARHUS VERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE 11. OCTOBER 2012 As of Jan 2012, 1371 turbines in 53 offshore wind farms in 10 European Union states, rated at 3.8 GW, produce 0.4% of total EU electicity consumption; there are current plans for up to turbines here.
5 AARHUS VERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE 11. OCTOBER 2012 The legislative framework European Union Directive (85/337/EEC) on Environmental Impact Assessments (known as the EIA Directive) applies to assessment of the environmental effects of major development projects. European Union Directive (2001/42/EC) on Strategic Environmental Assessments (known as the SEA Directive) applies to environment impacts of implementation of major plans and programmes, including assessments of alternative solutions.
6 AARHUS VERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE 11. OCTOBER 2012 Environmental Impact Assessment Considers the adverse consequences for the environment of placing windfarms at the site or local level Requires an assessment of the cumulative impacts arising from each development Such cumulative impacts also need to be considered in conjunction with other projects (i.e. other wind farms or other relevant projects) that impact upon the same populations of birds throughout their annual cycle
7 How do we assess how a development will affect the birds? 1. Which are the key species? 2. Which are the key hazards the development presents to these? 3. How can we assess the impact of these hazards pre-construction? Fox et al Ibis 148:
8 1. Which are the key species? A. Those which enjoy special protection measures B. Those for which the area is important at some stage in the life cycle C. Those which are vulnerable to windfarms in some way D. Those that exhibit high annual adult survival and low reproductive output
9 2. Quantifying the hazards A. The barrier effect B. Displacement from ideal feeding distribution C. Collision mortality Fox et al Ibis 148:
10 Defining the problem Hazard factor VISUAL STIMULUS AVOIDANCE RESPONSE PHYSICAL HABITAT LOSS/MODIFICATION COLLISION MORTALITY Physical effects Barriers to movement (migration, feeding flights, etc.) Displacement from ideal feeding distribution Destruction of feeding habitat under foundations/ anti-scour structures Creation of novel habitats on foundations anti-scour structures Birds collide with rotors or other structures, or mortally injured by air turbulence Ecological effects Increased flight distances Effective habitat loss Physical habitat loss Physical habitat gain Energetic costs Enhanced energy consumption Reduced energy intake rates and/or increased energy expenditure Enhanced energy intake rates and/or decreased energy expenditure Fitness consequences Changes to annual breeding output and survival Reduced survival Population impacts Changes to overall population size
11 3. Assessing the impacts A. Barrier effects 1. Birds avoid flying in the vicinity of windfarms and incur enhanced energy costs 2. Use radar (in combination with visual and other confirmatory observations) to compare preconstruction trajectories with those post-construction Desholm et al Ibis 148:
12 3. Assessing the impacts A. Barrier effects (migration) Nysted migrating waterbirds mainly Eiders Desholm & Kahlert 2005 Biology Letters 1:
13 3. Assessing the impacts A. Barrier effects (migration) Nysted migrating waterbirds mainly Eiders Additional average 500 m on a migration route of 1000 km energetically trivial Pre-construction Post-construction Difference Masden et al. (2009) ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:
14 3. What were the impacts? A. Barrier effects Responses highly species specific, but most species avoided wind farms Most showed gradual avoidance at long distance, others more dramatic deflections <1 km from outermost turbines c.75% of bird radar tracks heading for both wind farms at km avoided going through them, at night birds flew at great heights Mean additional flight distance was 500 m, so energetically trivial for 1000 km migrants More of a problem for commuting birds, although effects differed greatly between species (due to foraging ecology, energetics etc.) Bayesian models can use avoidance data to inform upon wind farm design configurations to minimise effects
15 3. What were the impacts? A. Barrier effects (migration) Lincolnshire, England Pink-footed Goose Horisontal and vertical avoidance Plonczkier & Simms (2012). Journal of Applied Ecology, 49,
16 3. What were the impacts? A. Barrier effects (daily movements) Egmond aan Zee: Some gulls attracted Common scoters, Gannet and Brents avoided Krijgsveld et al. Available at red: flying through wind farm green: not through wind farm
17 3. Assessing the impacts A. Barrier effects (daily movements) Masden et al. (2010) Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:
18 3. Assessing the impacts A. Barrier effects (geometry) Masden et al. (2012) J. Roy. Soc Interface online early.
19 3. Assessing the impacts B. Displacement
20 Petersen et al. (2006) available via 3. Assessing the impacts B. Displacement Red-throated Divers have very rarely been seen between the turbines since construction A. Pre-construction B. Post-construction
21 3. Assessing the impacts B. Displacement Kentish Flats, Thames Estuary, England: Diver displacement in the wind farm foot print and out to 500 m around it. Percival (2010). Available at PDF_1970_kB
22 Petersen & Fox (2007) available at 3. Assessing the impacts B. Displacement Common Scoter avoided the vicinity of the wind farms for the first five years post construction, but subsequently occur between turbines at the same densities as outside
23 3. Assessing the impacts B. Displacement Long-tailed duck has a restricted distribution in Danish waters Petersen et al. (2006) available at
24 3. Assessing the impacts B. Displacement but at the Nysted site, Long-tailed duck showed significant reductions in density post construction compared to preconstruction Petersen et al. (2011) available at
25 3. What were the impacts? B. Displacement Most species were too infrequent to detect effects or showed none, but responses highly species specific Red-throated Divers avoided windfarm areas almost completely Common Scoter showed initial avoidance, but no displacement 5 years after construction Long-tailed Ducks consistently exhibited lower densities in the windfarm than outside post construction No bird species increased in waters within the two Danish offshore wind farms This relative loss needs to be assessed in terms of the potential feeding habitat (and hence the proportion of birds) affected relative to areas outside of the wind farm
26 3. What were the impacts? B. Displacement For species considered here, that proportion was small and therefore likely of little biological consequence Additional effects of many more such wind farms may, however, constitute a more significant effect Measurement of such cumulative effects is a high priority when considering the effects of many such developments along an avian flyway in the future Our results are based on 5 years post construction monitoring given the responses of Common Scoter other species may modify their responses in the future
27 3. Assessing the impacts C. Collision 1. Pre-construction modelling 2. Post-construction monitoring (validation) Mark Desholm s PhD (2006) available at
28 3. Assessing the impacts C. Collision 1. Radar to describe migrating bird trajectories (pre- and postconstruction) 2. TADS to monitor collision rate post construction
29 3. Assessing the impacts C. Collision 1. Pre-construction modelling
30 3. Assessing the impacts C. Collision 2. Post-construction monitoring (validation) Mark Desholm s PhD (2006) available at
31 3. What were the impacts? C. Collision 1. Avoidance responses mean that fewer birds risk collision 2. Many bird species showed avoidance responses at distances of up to 5 km (and potentially more) from the turbines, and within a range of 1-2 km, 75% of birds heading for the wind farm avoided passing within it 3. Radar studies confirmed Eiders entering Nysted wind farm: (i) re-orientated to fly down between turbine rows, frequently equidistance between turbines, (ii) flew lower within the park always below rotor height, (iii) took the shortest route out and (iv) at night flew above rotor height, further minimising collision risk
32 3. What were the impacts? C. Collision 1. A stochastic predictive collision model for Common Eiders used parameters derived from radar and infra-red thermal imagery was run with 1,000 iterations to predict with 95% certainty that out of 235,000 passing birds, % would collide with the turbines in a single autumn (41-48 individuals). 2. This predicted TADS monitoring would fail to detect a single water bird collision during 2,400 hours of monitoring, which was the case 3. TADS showed no bird species came anywhere near the increase in annual mortality of 1% caused by wind turbine collisions at Nysted necessary to trigger mitigation mechanisms to reduce the effects of this impact. Mark Desholm s PhD (2006) available at See also Plonczkier & Simms (2012) J. Appl. Ecol. Online early
33 3. What were the impacts? C. Collision impact on breeding terns During the breeding seasons in 2004 and 2005, about 168 and 161 terns respectively collided with the wind turbines. A large majority (about 75%) of the tern fatalities were due to the 4 wind turbines that are situated alongside the breeding area. A significantly higher probability of the birds being hit by the turbines was calculated when the wind made the blades stand perpendicular to the flight route of the terns. In the considered breeding population, the additional mortality caused by the wind turbines differed for each species: 3.0%-4.4% for common tern, 1.8%-6.7% for the little tern and 0.6%-0.7% for the sandwich tern. No disturbance due to the turbines was observed in the breeding or flight behaviour of the terns. Everaert, J. & Steinen, W.M.(2007) Impact of wind turbines on birds in Zeebrugge (Belgiun) Biodivers Conserv (2007) 16: Available at:
34 3. Summing up Effective habitat loss was caused by behavioural displacement, but at Horns Rev/Nysted was highly species specific and not biologically significant Flying birds avoided both wind farms at a variety of levels; those entering between turbines showed clear behavioural changes minimised collision risk Collision risk modelling suggested very low levels of collisions amongst the Common Eiders at Nysted, confirmed by direct observations
35 3. Summing up More emphasis on Strategic Impact Assessment to zone developments to avoid early unnecessary conflicts and minimise impacts at individual project level We need to invest in new modelling approaches to guide wind farm design (with regard to the geometric placing of individual turbines) to avoid barrier effects
36 3. Summing up Whilst confident of the validity of our results and conclusions from these environmental impact studies, we would be extremely cautious of extending findings from two Danish sites to other species and other areas Although avian impacts from these two wind farms were minimal, taken together with other human impacts and the prospect of many more wind farms in the immediate future, we urge that assessments of the cumulative effects of all these developments be urgently undertaken All our reports, results and outputs can be accessed at: DK/UndergrundOgForsyning/VedvarendeEnergi/Vindkraft/Havvindmoe ller/miljoepaavirkninger/sider/forside.aspx
37 Thanks very much for listening!
A review of avian collision risk models. Elizabeth Masden. Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso
A review of avian collision risk models Elizabeth Masden Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso Acknowledgements Funded through the NERC Knowledge Exchange programme
More informationTranslating ecological research results into wind farm practice The Danish experience. Niels-Erik Clausen. 2 Risø DTU
Translating ecological research results into wind farm practice The Danish experience Niels-Erik Clausen We@Sea Conference, Den Helder Holland 12-13 February 2009 Outline The Danish offshore monitoring
More informationEnvironmental Statement Chapter 11 Appendix B - Extent of Displacement and Mortality Implications of Displacement of Seabirds by Offshore Windfarms
August 2013 Environmental Statement Chapter 11 Appendix B - Extent of Displacement and Mortality Implications of Displacement of Seabirds by Offshore Windfarms Application Reference: 6.11.2 F-OFC-CH-011
More informationEnvironmental aspects of offshore wind energy. Jakob Asjes Jakob Asjes IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies
Environmental aspects of offshore wind energy Jakob Asjes Jakob Asjes IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies Contents Part 1 8.45 9.30 hrs Overview Dutch/North Sea situation Dutch/European
More informationPROGRESS. Predictive modelling versus empirical data collision numbers in relation to flight activity in 55 German wind farm seasons
, Hanna Timmermann, Marc Reichenbach ARSU GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany PROGRESS Predictive modelling versus empirical data collision numbers in relation to flight activity in 55 German wind farm seasons Project
More informationAvoidance behaviour of. wind farms. Overview of knowledge including effects of configuration. K.L. Krijgsveld. Consultants for environment & ecology
Avoidance behaviour of birds around offshore wind farms Overview of knowledge including effects of configuration K.L. Krijgsveld Consultants for environment & ecology Avoidance behaviour of birds around
More informationThe importance of Lebanon for the migratory soaring birds & the flyway. April 2012. Bassima Khatib SPNL Assistant Director General
The importance of Lebanon for the migratory soaring birds & the flyway April 2012 Bassima Khatib SPNL Assistant Director General Outline Who is SPNL? IBA programme Importance of Lebanon for migratory soaring
More informationPart 2. Appendix 2O. Greater Black Backed Gull EIA Analysis
Part 2 Appendix 2O Greater Black Backed Gull EIA Analysis Greater Black Backed Gull EIA Analysis Introduction Natural England (NE) and JNCC (in their further detailed response to Relevant Representations,
More informationStandardized Environmental Survey Protocols
14 Best Practices for Sustainable Wind Energy Development in the Great Lakes Region Great Lakes Wind Collaborative Best Practice #14 Standard environmental survey protocols should be developed by federal
More informationA consultancy perspective: Building consensus on wildlife monitoring
June 30, 2015 A consultancy perspective: Building consensus on wildlife monitoring Gareth Lewis, Director Pro-Tide Work Package 2 Environmental Aspects, Final workshop (Isle of Wight 30 th June 2015).
More informationThe Netherlands Licensing procedure offshore windfarms. Sander de Jong Rijkswaterstaat Noordzee
The Netherlands Licensing procedure offshore windfarms Sander de Jong Noordzee Stralsund, Wednesday 25.01.2012 Offshore windfarms in NL - Today s Situation Round 1 2 windfarms operational (220 MW) offshore
More informationUnderwater Noise and Licensing of Offshore Windfarms in the Netherlands. Sander de Jong Rijkswaterstaat Noordzee
Underwater Noise and Licensing of Offshore Windfarms in the Netherlands Sander de Jong Noordzee Amsterdam, Friday 10.02.2012 Offshore windfarms in NL - Today s Situation Round 1 2 windfarms operational
More informationFish benefits from offshore wind farm development
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jul 02, 2016 Fish benefits from offshore wind farm development Leonhard, Simon B.; Stenberg, Claus; Støttrup, Josianne Gatt; Deurs, Mikael van; Christensen, Asbjørn; Pedersen,
More informationExperience from the first large scale tidal turbine EIA in Europe. How do we work towards effective and proportionate EIA?
Independent, integrated thinking Experience from the first large scale tidal turbine EIA in Europe How do we work towards effective and proportionate EIA? Liz Foubister IEMA Webinar 30 th July 2014 What
More informationPart B: Description and assessment of the cumulative effects of implementing the Roadmap for Offshore Wind Power
Framework for assessing ecological and cumulative effects of offshore wind farms Part B: Description and assessment of the cumulative effects of implementing the Roadmap for Offshore Wind Power Version
More informationPower output of offshore wind farms in relation to atmospheric stability Laurens Alblas BSc
Power output of offshore wind farms in relation to atmospheric stability Laurens Alblas BSc Photo: Vestas Wind Systems A/S 1 1. Introduction Background Atmospheric stability is known to influence wind
More informationFuture Offshore Wind Power Sites -2025
Danish Energy Authorithy Amaliegade 44 DK-1256 Copenhagen K Tel 33 92 67 00 Fax 33 11 47 43 CVR-nr: 59 77 87 14 ens@ens.dk www.ens.dk Rubrik Verdana Bold 18 punkt Underrubrik Verdana 18 punkt Brødtekst
More informationStrategy of the German Government on the use of off-shore wind energy
Strategy of the German Government on the use of off-shore wind energy in the context of its national sustainability strategy Ministries involved: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation
More informationOffshore wind potential in Europe and review of offshore resource modelling techniques
Offshore wind potential in Europe and review of offshore resource modelling techniques Rebecca Barthelmie, Sten Frandsen & Sara Pryor (Risø National Laboratory, Wind Energy Department), Colin Morgan (Garrad
More informationASSESSING SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACTS FROM ONSHORE WINDFARMS ON BIRDS OUTWITH DESIGNATED AREAS July 2006
Guidance ASSESSING SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACTS FROM ONSHORE WINDFARMS ON BIRDS OUTWITH DESIGNATED AREAS July 2006 Paragraph 1 Scope and purpose 7 Introduction and background 11 Species priorities Table 1a
More informationROADMAP ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY
FAME PROJECT - INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP TERESA SIMAS 1 20 TH NOVEMBER, 2012 OBJECTIVES Overview of marine renewable energy development and prospects CONTENTS Green House Gas emissions targets Renewable energy
More informationVolume 2 Environmental Statement Annexes
Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm Annex B.7.D Volume 2 Environmental Statement Annexes Annex B.7.D: CRM and Migration Assessment Document Reference: 10.2.28 APFP: 5(2)(a) Date: June 2013 DONG Energy
More informationMULTI-FUNCTIONAL USE OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS, AN INVENTORY OF CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL USE OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS, AN INVENTORY OF CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES The WE@SEA research programme conducts multiple studies on future offshore wind energy application subdivided into
More informationKey Environmental Issues a Follow-up
danish offshore wind Key Environmental Issues a Follow-up danish energy agency danish nature agency dong energy vattenfall danish offshore wind Key Environmental Issues a Follow-up danish energy agency
More informationCase Study 5 Use of Wind Turbine Technology
Case Study 5 Use of Wind Turbine Technology 1. Context Hong Kong relies on an adequate and reliable electricity supply for its economic development. Our electricity needs are met by the two electricity
More informationImplications for the Great Lakes Environment
Implications for the Great Lakes Environment Erik Nordman, Ph.D. and Daniel M. O Keefe, Ph.D. Credit: NOAA Offshore Wind Energy Outreach Project Web site: www.gvsu.edu/ marec/offshore wind info 83 Erik
More informationFIANNA FÁIL POLICY PAPER ON WIND ENERGY
FIANNA FÁIL POLICY PAPER ON WIND ENERGY MICHAEL MOYNIHAN TD SPOKESPERSON FOR COMMUNICATIONS, ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONTENTS Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 The Potential of Wind Energy 4 Current
More informationPosition Statement regarding Offshore Wind Proposals on Lake Huron. Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation
Position Statement regarding Offshore Wind Proposals on Lake Huron Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation June 2010 Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation (LHCCC) Corporate Position related to:
More informationWetland Bird Survey (Low Tide Counts)
Wetland Bird Survey (Low Tide Counts) Title Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) Low Tide Counts 1992/93 to present Description and Summary of Results Despite involving only a relatively small number of sites, estuaries
More informationRecommended bird survey methods to inform impact assessment of onshore wind farms May 2014 1 INTRODUCTION... 4
Guidance Recommended bird survey methods to inform impact assessment of onshore wind farms May 2014 Table of Contents Page 1 INTRODUCTION... 4 2 PRE-SURVEY... 5 2.1 Principles... 5 2.1.1 EIA regulations...
More informationManagement of Marine Environment ENVS 590. Instructor Dr. Assad A. Al-Thukair
Management of Marine Environment ENVS 590 Instructor Dr. Assad A. Al-Thukair Contingency Planning Background Elements of Contingency Planning Information gathering Strategy development Operational plan
More informationOffshore Windfarm Egmond aan Zee 4 years of Operation
Offshore Windfarm Egmond aan Zee 4 years of Operation CUEN Offshore Wind Energy Conference 28 June 2011, Cambridge Elke Delnooz Operations Support Manager www.noordzeewind.nl 1 Contents Project description
More informationREVISED BEST PRACTICE GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF REMOTE TECHNIQUES FOR ORNITHOLOGICAL MONITORING AT OFFSHORE WINDFARMS
COWRIE REMTECH-08-08 REVISED BEST PRACTICE GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF REMOTE TECHNIQUES FOR ORNITHOLOGICAL MONITORING AT OFFSHORE WINDFARMS Richard Walls, Chris Pendlebury, Richard Budgey, Kate Brookes &
More informationWho are we? *Based on an average annual domestic household electricity consumption of 4,700KWh (DECC).
Who are we? We re one of the world s leading power and gas companies. Here in the UK, we supply energy to more than 5 million customers, generate enough electricity for around 8 million homes and employ
More informationTHE FUTURE OF THE OCEAN ECONOMY: AN OECD/IFP FORESIGHT PROJECT
THE FUTURE OF THE OCEAN ECONOMY: EXPLORING THE PROSPECTS FOR EMERGING OCEAN INDUSTRIES TO 2030 AN OECD/IFP FORESIGHT PROJECT BARRIE STEVENS OECD/DSTI Verftskonferansen 2013 Alesund, Norway, 5 th November
More informationSCOTTISH GOVERNMENT CONSULTATION PERMITTED DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS FOR MICROGENERATION EQUIPMENT ON NON DOMESTIC PROPERTIES
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT CONSULTATION PERMITTED DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS FOR MICROGENERATION EQUIPMENT ON NON DOMESTIC PROPERTIES RSPB Scotland response to Consultation Paper October 2010 Name: Organisation: Address:
More informationNON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE BAHCE WINDFARM PROJECT (135 MW)
Zorlu Plaza, 34310 Avcılar ISTANBUL / TURKIYE Tel: + 90 (212) 456-2300 Fax: +90 (212) 422-0099 www.zorlu.com.tr NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE BAHCE WINDFARM
More information9.3.7 Advice December 2014
9.3.7 Advice December 2014 ECOREGION STOCK Widely distributed and migratory stocks European eel Advice for 2015 The status of eel remains critical and ICES advises that all anthropogenic mortality (e.g.
More informationExperience in Bat Mitigation: Guidance for Ecologists and Developers
Experience in Bat Mitigation: Guidance for Ecologists and Developers 1. Aims of this note: To help ecological consultants to assess their skills and experience levels before applying for a EPS mitigation
More informationLondon Array. Operations and Maintenance
London Array londonarray.com London Array Operations & Maintenance Base Port of Ramsgate Military Road Ramsgate CT11 9LG Registered in England and Wales No 04344423 Operations and Maintenance 1 2 Operations
More informationPatterns of Bat Fatality at Wind Development Facilities. Edward B. Arnett, Bat Conservation International
Patterns of Bat Fatality at Wind Development Facilities Edward B. Arnett, Bat Conservation International Biological Diversity: over 1,100 species identified >one-quarter of the world s mammals Broad and
More informationMonitoring Beaufort Sea Waterfowl and Marine Birds Aerial Survey Component
OCS Study MMS 2002-002 Monitoring Beaufort Sea Waterfowl and Marine Birds Aerial Survey Component By Julian B. Fischer 1, Tim J. Tiplady 1, and William W. Larned 2 1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory
More informationObstacles for Wind Energy. Development due to EU Legislation
Obstacles for Wind Energy Development due to EU Legislation Henning Sten Hansen Aalborg University Table of Contents Preface 3 Executive summary 4 Introduction 8 General legal frameworks 10 Wind turbines
More informationThe effect of wind power on birds and bats
The effect of wind power on birds and bats A synthesis JENS RYDELL, HENRI ENGSTRÖM, ANDERS HEDENSTRÖM, JESPER KYED LARSEN, JAN PETTERSSON AND MARTIN GREEN report 6511 august 2012 The effect of wind power
More informationDatabases. by David Cerda Salzmann
Databases by David Cerda Salzmann In the previous lecture... What data you need What you use it for This hour: where to get data from Introduction OWT Design Procedure Fatigue Loads Extreme Loads Site-specific
More informationOffsets and biodiversity conservation in France: limits and perspectives
CIEEM Spring Conference 18 March 2014 Baptiste Regnery a, Denis Couvet a, Fabien Quétier b, Harold Levrel c, Christian Kerbiriou a a Muséum National d Histoire Naturelle (Paris); b Biotope (Montpellier);
More informationA Method of Population Estimation: Mark & Recapture
Biology 103 A Method of Population Estimation: Mark & Recapture Objectives: 1. Learn one method used by wildlife biologists to estimate population size of wild animals. 2. Learn how sampling size effects
More informationEstablishing large-scale trans-boundaries MPA networks: the OSPAR example in North-East Atlantic
Establishing large-scale trans-boundaries MPA networks: the OSPAR example in North-East Atlantic Introduction A pledge to establish a representative network of marine and coastal protected areas by 2012
More informationLOGISTIC BASE FOR WIND FARM BUILD AT SEA
LOGITRANS - VII KONFERENCJA NAUKOWO-TECHNICZNA LOGISTYKA, SYSTEMY TRANSPORTOWE, BEZPIECZEŃSTWO W TRANSPORCIE Tadeusz STUPAK 1 Ryszard WAWRUCH 2 maritime transport safety, wind farm at sea, logistic transport,
More informationJan Blew, Malte Hoffmann, Georg Nehls, Veit Hennig
Investigations of the bird collision risk and the responses of harbour porpoises in the offshore wind farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark Part I: Birds Jan Blew, Malte Hoffmann,
More informationRound 3 zone appraisal and planning. A strategic approach to zone design, project identification and consent
Round 3 zone appraisal and planning A strategic approach to zone design, project identification and consent 7 May 2010 Table of contents Glossary of terms and abbreviations... 1 Purpose of this document...
More informationA Functional Classification System for Marine Protected Areas in the United States
A Functional Classification System for Marine Protected Areas in the United States The U.S. Classification System: An Objective Approach for Understanding the Purpose and Effects of MPAs as an Ecosystem
More informationExplanatory Memorandum to the Conservation of Habitats and Species (Amendment) Regulations 2012
Explanatory Memorandum to the Conservation of Habitats and Species (Amendment) Regulations 2012 This Explanatory Memorandum has been prepared by the Environment and Sustainable Development Department and
More informationArchimer http://archimer.ifremer.fr
Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site Marine
More informationSullivan s Island Bird Banding and Environmental Education Program. Sarah Harper Díaz, MA and Jennifer Tyrrell, MS
Sullivan s Island Bird Banding and Environmental Education Program Sarah Harper Díaz, MA and Jennifer Tyrrell, MS I. Introduction The Sullivan s Island Bird Banding and Environmental Education Program
More informationSupporting document to NORSOK Standard C-004, Edition 2, May 2013, Section 5.4 Hot air flow
1 of 9 Supporting document to NORSOK Standard C-004, Edition 2, May 2013, Section 5.4 Hot air flow A method utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes for determination of acceptable risk level
More informationSeismic surveys in Greenland An example of noise regulation at a cumulative level
Seismic surveys in Greenland An example of noise regulation at a cumulative level By Line A. Kyhn, Aarhus University Co-authors: Anders Mosbech, David Boertmann Content Underwater acoustics and noise Why
More informationOffshore Wind: some of the Engineering Challenges Ahead
Offshore Wind: some of the Engineering Challenges Ahead David Infield CDT in Wind Energy Systems Institute of Energy and Environment University of Strathclyde International context (from IPCC report) Greenhouse
More informationThere s power in wind: fact sheet
There s power in wind: fact sheet Why do we need clean energy? Australia s clean energy future The climate is changing. The majority of climate scientists from around the world confirm greenhouse gases
More informationSustainability & Environmental Appraisal Tools Handbook. Section 4: Environmental Impact Assessment
Sustainability & Environmental Appraisal Tools Handbook Section 4: Environmental Impact Assessment Contents How to use this Guidance 3 Introduction 4 What is Environmental Impact Assessment? 4 Why is Environmental
More informationOverview of Atlantic Offshore Renewable Energy Studies Program. Brian Hooker Office of Renewable Energy Programs
Overview of Atlantic Offshore Renewable Energy Studies Program Brian Hooker Office of Renewable Energy Programs February 2012 Completed Studies of Interest Compendium of Avian Information and Comprehensive
More informationOffshore Wind Farm Layout Design A Systems Engineering Approach. B. J. Gribben, N. Williams, D. Ranford Frazer-Nash Consultancy
Offshore Wind Farm Layout Design A Systems Engineering Approach B. J. Gribben, N. Williams, D. Ranford Frazer-Nash Consultancy 0 Paper presented at Ocean Power Fluid Machinery, October 2010 Offshore Wind
More informationBMP Guidelines. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for activities related to hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation offshore Greenland
BMP Guidelines for preparing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for activities related to hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation offshore Greenland Danish National Environmental Research
More informationEcological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences
Catherine Zucco, Wolfgang Wende, Thomas Merck, Irene Köchling and Johann Köppel (eds.) Ecological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences PART A: Assessment of Ecological
More informationWind power: environmental and safety issues Wind Energy Fact Sheet 4
Wind power: environmental and safety issues Wind Energy Fact Sheet 4 As with all sectors of society, the wind energy industry has a duty to act responsibly, both towards the health and safety of individuals
More information10 of the WORST-SITED WIND ENERGY PROJECTS FOR BIRDS
10 of the WORST-SITED WIND ENERGY PROJECTS FOR BIRDS J. Marjis, Shutterstock March 24, 2016 abcbirds.org INTRODUCTION American Bird Conservancy (ABC) has identified 10 of the worst-sited wind energy projects
More informationThe Danish veterinary preparedness for avian influenza and Newcastle disease
The Danish veterinary preparedness for avian influenza and Newcastle disease Sten Mortensen, Veterinary R&D manager, Animal Health Division, Deputy head 19-04-2016 Livestock statistics, Denmark 2015 Species
More informationCONSERVATION AREAS ACT
CONSERVATION AREAS ACT CAP. 30.15 Conservation Areas Act CAP. 30.15 Arrangement of Sections CONSERVATION AREAS ACT Arrangement of Sections Section 1 Short title... 5 2 Interpretation... 5 3 Declaration
More informationRELIABILITY OF SYSTEMS WITH VARIOUS ELEMENT CONFIGURATIONS
Application Example 1 (Probability of combinations of events; binomial and Poisson distributions) RELIABILITY OF SYSTEMS WITH VARIOUS ELEMENT CONFIGURATIONS Note: Sections 1, 3 and 4 of this application
More informationDevelopment proposals will require to demonstrate, according to scale, type and location, that they:-
Appendix 2 : Relevant Development Plan Policies Angus Local Plan Review 2009 Policy S1 : Development Boundaries (a) Within development boundaries proposals for new development on sites not allocated on
More informationPhase A Aleutian Islands Risk Assessment. Options and Recommended Risk Matrix Approach. April 27, 2010
Phase A Aleutian Islands Risk Assessment Options and Recommended Risk Matrix Approach April 27, 2010 Agenda for Risk Matrix Discussion Introductions Where we are in AIRA Phase A Risk Matrix Background
More informationFigure 1: The existing 12 300 kw turbines with the Avedøre power plant, source [3].
HVIDOVRE OFFSHORE WIND FARM Hans Christian Sørensen SPOK ApS / Hvidovre Vindmøllelaug I/S, Blegdamsvej 4, DK 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark, E-mail: consult@spok.dk, Phone: +45 35360219/+45 28110219, Fax:
More informationMark Hill Windfarm Extension
Mark Hill Windfarm Extension Our local presence ScottishPower Renewables leads the UK in development and operation of onshore wind energy. With more than 30 consented and operational projects, our turbines
More informationPost-Construction Bat and Bird Mortality Survey Guidelines for Wind Farm Development in New Brunswick Fish and Wildlife October 2011
Post-Construction Bat and Bird Mortality Survey Guidelines for Wind Farm Development in New Brunswick Fish and Wildlife October 2011 (Note: This guideline is adapted from guidelines of other Canadian jurisdictions
More informationEffects of Underwater Noise
Effects of Underwater Noise Impact pile driving noise prediction Marten Nijhof, Christ de Jong, Bas Binnerts, Michael Ainslie 2 Wind energy agenda Dutch energy agreement for sustainable growth (2013):
More informationSeabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 211 Nicolas Vanermen, Eric W.M. Stienen, Thierry Onkelinx, Wouter Courtens, Marc Van de walle, Pieter Verschelde & Hilbran Verstraete Study commissioned
More informationNorthern Long-eared Bat - Interim Final 4(d) Rule Questions and Answers
Northern Long-eared Bat - Interim Final 4(d) Rule Questions and Answers 1. What action is the Service taking? On January 15, 2015, the Service published a proposed rule under section 4(d) of the Endangered
More informationENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AT HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS Volume 1. Current Practices for Instream Flow Needs, Dissolved Oxygen, and Fish Passage
DOEIID-10360 Distribution Category: UC-22S ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AT HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS Volume 1. Current Practices for Instream Flow Needs, Dissolved Oxygen, and Fish Passage M. J. Sale G. F. Cada
More informationNSW - MEP : Maritime and marine risk assessment of calamitous (oil) spills
Prepared for: NoordzeeWind NSW - MEP : Maritime and marine risk assessment of calamitous (oil) spills Report OWEZ_R_280_20_07_2006 July, 2006 Z3644.00 Prepared for: NoordzeeWind NSW - MEP : Maritime and
More informationBASELINE INVESTIGATIONS OF BATS AND BIRDS AT WIND TURBINE TEST CENTRE ØSTERILD
BASELINE INVESTIGATIONS OF BATS AND BIRDS AT WIND TURBINE TEST CENTRE ØSTERILD Scientific Report from DCE Danish Centre for Environment and Energy No. 28 2012 AU AARHUS UNIVERSITY DCE DANISH CENTRE FOR
More informationBasics of Sustainability. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)
Basics of Sustainability 8 Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) 1 Contents Page Aims... 2 Introduction... 3 The Objectives of EIAs... 3 Developments that Require an EIA... 4 Key Stages of an EIA... 6
More informationStrategic planning of wind farms in relation to environmental issues
Strategic planning of wind farms in relation to environmental issues Niels-Erik Clausen, DTU Wind Energy Danish Wind Industry annual event and DFFV Conference Agenda Planning for wind energy on land Planning
More informationThe concepts developed in this standard include the following: Oceans cover about 70% of the surface of the Earth.
Name Date Grade 5 SOL 5.6 Review Oceans Made by SOLpass - www.solpass.org solpass100@comcast.net Reproduction is permitted for SOLpass subscribers only. The concepts developed in this standard include
More informationGREAT BARRIER REEF. Climate Change Action Plan
GREAT BARRIER REEF Climate Change Action Plan 2007 2011 Climate change is now recognised as the greatest long-term threat to the Great Barrier Reef. The Great Barrier Reef is internationally renowned as
More informationRev Issue Status Prepared / Date Approved/Date. - Draft 1 LOA / 15.09.14 JSE / 19.09.14
Nancy Hawksworth Barn Conversion: Moor Farm, London Road, Shardlow, Derbyshire Bat Survey Report September 2014 FPCR Environment and Design Ltd Registered Office: Lockington Hall, Lockington, Derby DE74
More informationA E O L I S F O R E C A S T I N G S E R V I C E S WIND FARM ENERGY ASSESSMENT - FEASIBILITY STUDY. Kees van Vliet
A E O L I S F O R E C A S T I N G S E R V I C E S WIND FARM ENERGY ASSESSMENT - FEASIBILITY STUDY Kees van Vliet September 2007 K o n i n g s l a a n 11 2 3 5 8 3 G V U t r e c h t T h e N e t h e r l
More informationBaltic Sea Perspective on - Building a Gas Pipeline and - Oil Spills
Baltic Sea Perspective on - Building a Gas Pipeline and - Oil Spills Dr Juha-Markku Leppänen Head of the Monitoring and Assessment Unit, Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Content
More informationCritical Limitations of Wind Turbine Power Curve Warranties
Critical Limitations of Wind Turbine Power Curve Warranties A. Albers Deutsche WindGuard Consulting GmbH, Oldenburger Straße 65, D-26316 Varel, Germany E-mail: a.albers@windguard.de, Tel: (++49) (0)4451/9515-15,
More informationINTERNATIONAL BIRD STRIKE COMMITTEE Amsterdam, 17-21 April 2000
INTERNATIONAL BIRD STRIKE COMMITTEE IBSC25/WP-RS7 Amsterdam, 17-21 April 2000 SPATIAL PATTERNS OF BIRD MOVEMENTS ON AND AROUND AN AIRPORT, A CASE STUDY ON EINDHOVEN AIRPORT - EXTRA DIMENSIONS FROM THE
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION. Better Regulation "Toolbox" This Toolbox complements the Better Regulation Guideline presented in in SWD(2015) 111
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Better Regulation "Toolbox" This Toolbox complements the Better Regulation Guideline presented in in SWD(2015) 111 It is presented here in the form of a single document and structured
More informationOffshore Wind Energy Status and Future Prospects
SDU Symposium August 18 2009 Offshore Wind Energy Status and Future Prospects Morten Holmager Offshore Center Danmark The copyright of this entire presentation vests by Offshore Center Danmark. All rights
More informationRenewable Energies WIND
WIND International Master in Sustainable Development and CR 2011-2012 Marcos López-Brea Index 1. Technical description: technology options, learning curve and grid integration. 2. Regulatory framework:
More informationDe Industrie. KIvI Niria Jaarcongres 2010. De uitdagingen voor windenergie op zee. Ballast Nedam Offshore. Dolf Elsevier van Griethuysen
KIvI Niria Jaarcongres 2010 De uitdagingen voor windenergie op zee De Industrie Ballast Nedam Offshore Dolf Elsevier van Griethuysen Arnhem, 6 oktober 2010 Offshore Windpark Egmond aan Zee (2006) HLV Svanen
More informationCamp. plan template. elements. This section that need to. identify the. vegetation. of flying-fox. also
Camp management plan template Introduction The following templatee guides local government in compiling a Camp Management Plan that will facilitate licensing of camp management actions for a five-year
More information5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS The methods that are used to conduct the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the Project are described in this section. The EIA uses a methodological framework
More informationThe UK Offshore Wind Experience
The UK Offshore Wind Experience Tom Simchak Policy Advisor, Energy British Embassy, Washington EESI Briefing, 28 September 2015 UNCLASSIFIED The United Kingdom is The global market leader in offshore wind:
More informationGreat Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Index
Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Index Background The Habitat Suitability Index (H) for the great crested newt was developed by Oldham et al. (2000). H scoring systems were originally developed by
More informationThe installation and servicing
European Forum for Renewable Energy Sources The installation and servicing of offshore wind farms Kaj Lindvig, CSO, A2SEA A/S 16 th September 2010 A2SEA Started 1 st July 2000 100% dedicated offshore wind
More informationDatabase of measurements on the offshore wind farm Egmond aan Zee
Database of measurements on the offshore wind farm Egmond aan Zee A.J. Brand J.W. Wagenaar P.J. Eecen M.C. Holtslag 1 1 TU Delft, Faculty Aerospace Engineering Presented at the the EWEA 2012 conference,
More informationPRESENTATION 2 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
UNEP GLOBAL JUDGES PROGRAMME APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW BY NATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS PRESENTATION 2 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION A) Major environmental issues B) Responses
More information