Carbon Capture & Storage Reliable cost effective CO 2 shipping through statistical modelling

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1 Carbon Capture & Storage Reliable cost effective CO 2 shipping through statistical modelling The Hague November 1st, 2011 Cees van der Ben

2 Note This document and all information contained herein are the property of CINTRA It may not be copied or used without the written permission of CINTRA 2

3 Content 1. CCS & Rotterdam 2. CINTRA logistic concept 3. Rotterdam as a hub location 4. CINTRA current project status 5. The logistic chain s model 6. Results & Conclusions 3

4 Rotterdam Climate Initiative (RCI) city region CO 2 reduction targets -50% vs 1990 by 2025 CCS plays a mayor role in the Dutch national reduction targets in general and in the Rotterdam targets in particular. 4

mayor role in the Dutch national reduction targets

5 NW-Europe allows for short links between sources and sinks Several depleted gas fields become available and in due time incl. future aquifers: 50+ years of storage capacity for Europe

6 Large scale CCS: when? Coal CCS: 75 /ton Until then: pilots through subsidies: EERP, NER300 etc. 6

7 Driving down costs Sharing infra structure: simultaneously handling CO 2 from multiple parties Combining CO 2 flows lies in the nature of CCS: Power generation is responsible for 65%* of all green house gas emissions OECD/IEA Ref. Scenario Total [TWh] (+76%) Coal 41% 44% Nuclear 15% 10% Renewables 18% 23% Majority of sources are comparable regarding: Flow & conditions Compositions Characteristics Demands *): Reference Scenario in 2005 & 2030: resp. 61% & 68 % in CO 2 eq. terms

Scenario 2006 2030 Total [TWh] 18921 33265 (+76%) Coal 41% 44% Nuclear 15% 10% Renewables 18% 23% Majority of sources are

8 CINTRA CO 2 Hub concept Bulk making/breaking for off shore CO 2 storage Intermediate Storage Combine and link pipeline systems and barging/shipping routes: 4 routes Provide independent custody transfer metering for Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) Network building block (at rivers and coast lines) Optimum CO 2 : -50 C, 7 bara 8

routes: 4 routes Provide independent custody transfer metering for Emissions

9 Rotterdam potential sinks 300 Mton CO 2 capacity K12B Other EOR Projects Taqa CO 2 from other ports 40 Mton CO 2 capacity Rotterdam ideally located for North Sea distribution Enough emitters for a launching scheme and good hinterland connection Dutch sinks are all within the 400 km range (>650 Mton) Rotterdam is Europe s largest harbour Contacts with various (EOR & non-eor) sink operators in the North Sea

scheme and good hinterland connection Dutch sinks are all within the 400 km range (>650 Mton) Rotterdam

10 CINTRA Partners: Providing a one stop shop from Capture flange to Storage well head On & off shore pipeline transportation Third part access Liquefaction at the Emitter s site or at the CO 2 Hub Temporary Storage of CO 2 (Un)loading vessels Custody transfer metering Liquefied CO 2 shipping to off shore sink Connecting to off shore offloading facility (buoy) On board gas conditioning up to sink requirements

Storage of CO 2 (Un)loading vessels Custody transfer metering Liquefied CO 2 shipping to off shore sink

11 CO 2 Hub Concept Advantages Good scalability: cost effective launching scheme Reliable: Multiple emitters & sinks in 1 system Cost reduction: enhanced oil recovery No NIMBY: no onshore pipelines and storage

& sinks in 1 system Cost reduction: enhanced oil

12 CINTRA current project status Dan Field on the Danish sector of the North Sea is operated by Maersk Oil & Gas AS on behalf DUC Dansk Undergrunds Consortium. CINTRA s launching scheme: CO 2 : 1.5 million tonnes per annum (MTA) Rotterdam Denmark Sink: Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Dan CINTRA

Consortium. CINTRA s launching scheme: CO 2 : 1.

CINTRA s Launching Scheme Coal fired power plant Coal fired power plant On shore pipeline Terminal Sink -post combustion capture -25km - 2.0 MTA liquefaction - Operating oil field -1.

13 CINTRA s Launching Scheme Coal fired power plant Coal fired power plant On shore pipeline Terminal Sink -post combustion capture -25km MTA liquefaction - Operating oil field -1.1 MTA -40 bar - 20 kcbm Liquid CO 2 storage - Waterflooding ongoing Hydrogen plant - Dense well grid - cryogenic capture Ships - Injectivity tests coming up MTA - 2 X 12kcbm ships - 1 extra platform module - onboard conditioning (p, T) - 2 STL buoys Schedule: Letter Of Intents (LOI) in place: Q Final Investment Decision (FID): Q Ready For Operation (RFO): Q Expected hub 2025 throughput: total 18 MTA of which 7 MTA via barge 13

1 MTA -40 bar - 20 kcbm Liquid CO 2 storage - Waterflooding ongoing Hydrogen plant - Dense well grid - cryogenic capture Ships - Injectivity tests coming up -

14 CO2 Hub Location 14

15 Sink: Maersk s Dan Field 15

16 Chain requirements: Logistic chain: options & modelling Upstream: ensure reliable CO 2 take off at the emitters Down stream: ensure reliable CO 2 availability at oil well Cases: A: 2 ships + 2 buoys -> one ships stays at the buoy for 1 week before the next one comes B: 1 ship + permanent off shore storage (either a floater or a platform) Question: which case is favoured when looking at Chain requirements: Annual amount of CO 2 captured & stored % of time CO 2 is available at oil well Required tank volumes on shore and off shore Required ship sizes Additional points of interest: Nr. offloading stoppages in winter time Capture & liquefaction units design capacity 16

platform) Question: which case is favoured when looking at Chain requirements: Annual amount of CO 2 captured & stored % of time CO 2 is available at oil well Required

The Arena Model Emitters Onshore On shore terminal Shipping Off shore Oil pipeline (liquefier & tanks) off loading well COAL FIRED PWR PLNT (CFPP) Model details: Tank tier system

17 The Arena Model Emitters Onshore On shore terminal Shipping Off shore Oil pipeline (liquefier & tanks) off loading well COAL FIRED PWR PLNT (CFPP) Model details: Tank tier system included Workability based on real metocean data & vessel design Component s operational flexibility has been modelled Maintenance schemes & unplanned down times of all chain components CFPP 17

system included Workability based on real metocean data & vessel design Component s

18 Case differences Case A: CFPP Case B: CFPP 18

19 Weather data Workability spread per month: tough winter conditions Workability histogram 19

20 Results & Conclusions CINTRA launching scheme: Case A: CO 2 shipping and off loading in rough wave climate can be performed in a reliable manner: off shore storage is not mandatory. Two buoys at sea are required to ensure steady operations. Larger ships improve the uptime but do not significantly decrease the number of oil production interruptions. Case B: Off shore storage will only slightly improve the CO 2 availability (96 -> 98%) but will reduce number of oil production stoppages from 12 times/year to almost never. Off shore storage capacity beyond 20,000 m 3 is ineffective. Reserving 15% of the onshore storage for the Air Liquide being the smallest emitter will allow for decreasing its capture unit s design capacity. General: Arena is suitable for modelling such a logistic chain. This model needs to be kept up to date after initial start-up in order to scope any chain debottlenecking as emitters & sinks are added to the system. 20

Case B: Off shore storage will only slightly improve the CO 2 availability (96 -> 98%) but will reduce number of oil production stoppages from 12 times/year to almost never.

21 THANK YOU QUESTIONS?

Rotterdam Climate Initiative 50% CO2 reduction 100 % Climate proof

Rotterdam Climate Initiative 50% CO2 reduction 100 % Climate proof Gerrit J. van Tongeren Port of Rotterdam Chairman Deltalinqs Energy Forum Boardmember Rotterdam Climate Initiative Deltalinqs Energy Forum