Parcel deliveries and urban logistics Changes and challenges in the parcel delivery sector in Europe the French case

Transcription

1 Parcel deliveries and urban logistics Changes and challenges in the parcel delivery sector in Europe the French case Raphaëlle DUCRET paristech.fr 1

2 Outline Issues, research questions and methodology Co evolution and convergence in the CEP (courier, express and parcel) sector in Europe : creation of a new segment, the urban parcel delivery sector Driving forces of the creation of the new segment in the CEP sector Future challenges for the parcel delivery sector in Europe Conclusions 2

3 Issues and research questions How is the European CEP sector adapting to new challenges? The parcel sector : a competitive sector and a growth area Business and consumer delivery requirements : complexity and convergence Urban goods distribution, a shared issue Public authorities growing concerns over urban logistics : making delivery more complex In France/Europe : creating new means of delivering parcels in the city, creating a new segment : the urban parcel delivery service sector Co evolution, convergence and concentration ti [1, 2] How should the reshuffling of European CEP sectors and the creation of an urban parcel delivery segment be described? What are the factors that affect the European parcel delivery sector? What are the most important challenges the new sector will have to face? [1] Taylor M., Hallsworth A., 2000, «Power relations and market transformation in the transport sector: the example of the courier services industry», Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 8, n 4, p [2] Beyer A., 1999, Géographie des réseaux de transport, Morphologies et dynamiques des services de messagerie. Thèse de doctorat, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, 604p. 3

4 Methodology A French case study: a study of the French CEP sector : evolutions and challenges (48 interviews) a review of urban freight transport policies in 19 French cities and their effects on parcel distribution (61interviews) A literature review to conduct a comparison at the European scale (research literature and professional press) : Few up to date studies on the CEP sector ([1], [2], [3], [4]) Focus on France, the UK and Germany French and European parcel distribution providers Experts in transport and association of transport providers Retailers, e retailers Local authority representatives Experts in retail and consumption habits Experts in urban planning Total % 6% 17% 26% 5% 8% 100% [1] Taylor M., Hallsworth A., 2000, «Power relations and market transformation in the transport sector: the example of the courier services industry», Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 8, n 4, p [2] Menge J., Hebes P., 2011, «Optimization of urban deliveries : evaluating a courier, express and parcel services pilot project in Berlin», in Macharis C., Melo S. (ed), City distribution and urban freight transport: multiples perspectives, Northampton, Edward Elgar Publishing, p [3] ITA Consulting, WIK Consult, 2009, The Evolution of the European Postal Market since 1997, Study for the European Commission, DG Internal Market and Services, 173p. [4] Beyer A., 1999, Géographie des réseaux de transport, Morphologies et dynamiques des services de messagerie. Thèse de doctorat, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, 604p. 4

5 Co evolution of the actors of the CEP sector : creation of a new segment, the urban parcel delivery sector The urban parcel delivery sector, between heirs and new players : ACTORS FAMILIES National Post Office THE HEIRS THE OTHER ACTORS THE NEW PLAYERS Logistics providers Other in the logistics Subcontractors Couriers Pickup Actors from Other postal Express mail order providers and point the e retail authorized providers sales sector carrier networks sector actors Specialized delivery service providers CORE BUSINESS Courier, express and parcel delivery Heavy goods delivery No real specialization Essential for the urban last mile deliveries Specialization in urban parcel delivery STRATEGIC POSITION REGARDING URBAN PARCEL DISTRIBUTION Adapting and diversifying Strengthening their position or playing a new role Diversifying Parcel delivery as a secondary activity and a growth area New services Service innovation and sustainability first LOGISTICS ORGANIZATION Classic logistics organizations and Mostly classic logistics organizations innovative ones Sub contracting Innovative logistics organizations GERMANY FRANCE UK Deutsche Post DHL TNT Post Deutschland, UPS, Fedex, DPD, GLS Hermes DHL, TNT, UPS, Fedex Relais Colis, Mondial Relais Messenger, Go!, Kurier AG, CTS City Transport System Citybiker, Rapid Kurierdienste KG, Sprint Logistik, etc. Hermes, DPD Parcel Shops La Poste Kiala, Pickup Point, Relais Colis, Point Relais Deret, Geodis, Green Way, GLS, etc. C Discount Becycle, Les nouveaux coursiers, Dilitrans, etc. Colis Privé Royal Mail DHL, TNT Post UK, UPS, Fedex, GLS, Geopost, City Link, Yodel, Parcel Force, etc. City Bikes, City Sprint, City cycle Courier, Green Link York, etc. Colizen, The Green Link, Vert chez Vous, etc. Hermes, Kiala UPS, CollectPlus Amazon Home delivery network, etc. 5

6 Convergence of the strategies and logistics organizations Diversification of the delivery offer/ delivery services Logistics schemes Vehicles and containers DEFENSIVE STRATEGIES External innovation Partnerships and subcontracting OFFENSIVE STRATEGIES Organic service and logistics innovation Dedicated and fully integrated offer or supply organization A. Classical Logistics organization B. Innovative logistics organization : city hub Reducing delivery failure and cost, providing new innovative services for B2C delivery, diversifying the offer. Optimizing, diversifying the offer, providing new innovative services for B2C delivery, entering new market, fulfilling sustainable commitments C. Innovative logistics organization : virtual sorting point D. Innovative logistics organization : mobile city hub Limiting investments, outsourcing risks and flow seasonality, slight distortion in the logistics organization Risky investments, niche market, changing patterns and organization Retailers, suppliers, etc. Sorting office. City/suburban hub. Delivery to final users. Sorting point City borders Heirs/ other logistics providers/ carriers New players/ couriers/ heirs/ other logistics providers Source : author

7 Drivers of the changes First driver : The retail revolution [1] and its effects on last mile deliveries Development of e commerce and related consumer delivery requirements Store and firm logistics patterns Demographic phenomena and social changes Growing mobility Second driver : growing convergence and complexity of B2B and B2C deliveries : Convergence regarding speed, service quality, convenience and reliability Mixed B2C (business to consumer) and B2B (business to business) parcels The «last mile» issue [2] Third driver : growing concern of local authorities regarding urban logistics : Urban context UGD considered to be responsible for congestion, nuisances, pollution and global warming [3,4] An under tackled field but a constantly growing shared issue and concern for cities Several steps toward a better urban goods distribution policy [1] Moati P., 2011, La nouvelle révolution commerciale, Odile Jacob. Paris, 315p. [2] Gevaers R., Van de Voorde E., Vanelslander T., 2011, «Characteristics and typology of last-mile logistics from an innovation perspective in an urban context», in Macharis C., Melo S. (ed), City distribution and urban freight transport: multiples perspectives, Northampton, Edward Elgar Publishing, p [3] Dablanc L., 2009, Freight transport for development toolkit: Urban Freight, The World Bank Report, 51p. [4] Giuliano, G., T. O Brien, L. Dablanc, K. Holliday, 2013, NCFRP Project 36(05) Synthesis of Freight Research in Urban Transportation Planning, Washington D.C., National Cooperative Freight Research Program. 7

8 Phase 3. final stage: structured urban freight policy Phase 2. intermediate stage: important concern, urban freight policy being structured Phase 1. intermediate stage: new concern, first initiatives and measures Phase 0. No concern. UFis not anissue From UF (urban freight) in Planning tools transport planning tools to UF in land use planning tools Constant and serious introduction of UF in transport planning tools First introduction of UF issues in transport planning tools. Wish list NomentionofUFinurban or transport planning Study Studies Studies First studies No study Experiment/incentives/ actions Many experiments and actions. European and national programs. Some experiments and actions Projects None Repartition of skills and human/ financial resources Human resource and UF skills Good repartition if many actors Resources UF skill not clearly identified yet Unbalanced repartition if many actors Some resources UF skill not identified. Skill shared by many subjects Few resources No skill, no resources Dialogue between partnerships Sustainable and organized dialogue Creating a dialogue or occasional dialogue No dialogue No dialogue Regulation measures/ Regulation coherence at different scales Coherent and structured UF regulation policy or work for coherence Ongoing structured policy. Localized regulation measures but work for coherence Ongoing study. First and incoherent measures No regulation dealing with UF issue. Existing measures Source : author

9 Challenges for the European parcel delivery sector Firstchallenge :the cross border e commerce, new front for parcel providers : In 2011 estimated total turnover of cross border e commerce in the European Union was 47 billion Euros (=>17% of the EU e commercemarket t) ). [1] In % of cross border e shoppers, the proportion is expected to increase [2] Cross border delivery : a key bottleneck : political, economical, technological challenges Logistics organization at a European scale : cross border partnerships, targeted buying, etc. Second challenge : the regulatory context in Europe : European consultation on cross border parcel delivery => European regulation? National regulatory frameworks regarding air quality and polluting emissions National regulatory frameworks regarding urban planning and mobility Third challenge : the consolidation of the parcel delivery sector : Horizontal concentration (innovation and internationalization) Vertical concentration (integration of the e commerce parcel delivery process) Three groups involved in complex relationships of power and dependence [1] Commission Européenne, 2012, Un marché intégré de la livraison de colis pour soutenir la croissance du commerce électronique dans l UE., Green Paper, 30p. [2] FTI Consulting.,2011, Intra-Community cross-border parcel delivery A study for the European Commission, 309p. 9

10 Conclusions Proving the existence of a coherent new segment ddi dedicated dto urban parcel delivery in the European CEP sector Updated survey about the convergence, co evolution and concentration of the European CEP sector and urban parcel delivery segment Helping to understand the organization, different concerns and challenges of an important stakeholder in urban logistics to encourage dialogue 10

11 Thank you for your attention Any questions? paristech.fr 11