HUMANPOPULATIONGROWTHANDNATURAL RESOURCES Study Guide. As the human population grows, the demand for Earth s resources increases.
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1 SECTION 16.1 HUMANPOPULATIONGROWTHANDNATURAL RESOURCES Study Guide KEY CONCEPT As the human population grows, the demand for Earth s resources increases. VOCABULARY nonrenewable resource renewable resource ecological footprint MAIN IDEA: Earth s human population continues to grow. 1. Approximately how big is Earth s population now? 2. Name and give examples of two technologies that have influenced human population growth since MAIN IDEA: The growing human population exerts pressure on Earth s natural resources. Determine whether the following resources are renewable or nonrenewable. Explain your answer. 3. sun 4. oil 5. trees 6. water 7. wind 8. corn 9. beef 10. coal Study Guide 165
2 Section16.1STUDYGUIDECONTINUED MAIN IDEA: Effective management of Earth s resources will help meet the needs of the future. 11. The inhabitants of Easter Island made many mistakes in their resource use. Name one resource that was misused and describe two ways that they could have used the resource more effectively. 12. What is an ecological footprint? 13. List the four factors that determine your ecological footprint. Vocabulary Check 14. What is the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource? Be Creative Create a poster that illustrates why it is important to conserve natural resources. 166 Study Guide
3 SECTION 16.2 AIR QUALITY Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Fossil fuel emissions affect the biosphere. VOCABULARY pollution smog particulate acid rain greenhouse effect global warming MAIN IDEA: 1. What is pollution? Pollutants accumulate in the air. 2. What is smog? 3. What are the major components of smog and how does it form? 4. What is acid rain? Copyright McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company. 5. How does acid rain affect ecosystems? Study Guide 167
4 Section16.2STUDYGUIDECONTINUED MAIN IDEA: Air pollution is changing Earth s biosphere. Complete the concept map with information about the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse effect absorbs and reflects involves is important because greenhouse gasses such as CH 4 H 2 O What is the greenhouse effect? 10. What is the relationship between the greenhouse effect and global warming? Vocabulary Check 11. How is a gardener s greenhouse a miniature version of the greenhouse effect? 12. The word particulate comes from the Latin word particula, which means a small part. How is this word origin related to the definition of a particulate? Copyright McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company. 168 Study Guide
5 SECTION 16.3 WATER QUALITY Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Pollution of Earth s freshwater supply threatens habitat and health. VOCABULARY indicator species biomagnification MAIN IDEA: Water pollution affects ecosystems. 1. List three examples of water pollution. 2. Why are indicator species important to scientists? MAIN IDEA: Biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in the food chain. 3. What is biomagnification? 4. Illustrate an ecosystem s food chain and describe what will happen to the concentration of pollutants as they move up the food chain. Study Guide 169
6 Section16.3STUDYGUIDECONTINUED Vocabulary Check 5. Use your knowledge of the prefix bio- and the term magnification to explain the meaning of biomagnification. Be Creative 6. Design a poster that explains the importance of keeping sources of fresh water free from pollution. 170 Study Guide
7 SECTION 16.4 THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY Study Guide KEY CONCEPT The impact of a growing human population threatens biodiversity. VOCABULARY habitat fragmentation introduced species MAIN IDEA: 1. What is biodiversity? Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the biosphere. 2. Why is it important to preserve biodiversity? 3. Where are the highest levels of biodiversity on our planet? Explain why this is so. MAIN IDEA: Loss of habitat eliminates species. 4. List three ways in which humans cause habitat fragmentation. MAIN IDEA: Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem. 5. What is an introduced species? Study Guide 171
8 Section16.4STUDYGUIDECONTINUED 6. Complete the chart below with examples of introduced species and describe how they are disrupting the ecosystem in which they live. Species Burmese python (Everglades) Impact on Ecosystem Kudzu (United States) Mice (Australia) Vocabulary Check 7. A fragment is defined as a small part broken off or detached. How does this definition relate to the meaning of habitat fragmentation? Be Creative 8. Think of an area where you live that is an example of habitat fragmentation. Design a poster that both illustrates the problem and proposes a solution. 172 Study Guide
9 SECTION 16.5 CONSERVATION Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Conservation methods can help protect and restore ecosystems. VOCABULARY sustainable development umbrella species MAIN IDEA: Sustainable development manages resources for present and future generations. 1. How can sustainable development help Earth s human population? 2. Complete the following chart with two examples of sustainable development and explain how they benefit humans. Resource How Is It managed? Benefits MAIN IDEA: Conservation practices focus on a few species but benefit entire ecosystems. 3. What is an umbrella species? Study Guide 173
10 Section16.5STUDYGUIDECONTINUED Complete the concept map with information about the manatee and its role as an umbrella species. West Indian manatee is an is protected by helps to MAIN IDEA: Protecting Earth s resources helps to protect our future. 7. What are three laws that have been developed to help protect natural resources? 8. What can humans do to reduce their impact on Earth s ecosystems? Vocabulary Check 9. The word sustain means to keep in existence, maintain. How does this meaning relate to the idea of sustainable development? Copyright McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company. 174 Study Guide
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