PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE PASSIVHUSNORDEN 2012

Transcription

1 PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE PASSIVHUSNORDEN 2012

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS DAY 1 MAIN CONFERENCE HALL... 5 THE SKARPNES RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT - A ZERO ENERGY PILOT PROJECT... 5 NET ZEB OFFICE IN SWEDEN - A CASE STUDY, TESTING THE SWEDISH NET ZEB DEFINITION... 6 DESIGN OF A ZERO ENERGY OFFICE BUILDING AT HAAKONSVERN, BERGEN... 7 PASSIVE- AND PLUS ENERGY ROW HOUSES IN NEAR-ARCTIC CONTINENTAL CLIMATE... 8 POWERHOUSE ONE: THE FIRST PLUS-ENERGY COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN NORWAY... 9 SMALL CONFERENCE HALL A RETROFITTING OF EXISTING BUILDING STOCK AN ARCHITECTURAL CHALLENGE ON ALL SCALES DESIGN OF A PASSIVE HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING IN TRONDHEIM PASSIVE HOUSE WITH TIMBER FRAME OF WOOD I-BEAMS MOISTURE MONITORING IN THE BUILDING PROCESS TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTIONS SUITABLE FOR PASSIVE HOUSES SMALL CONFERENCE HALL B IMPROVEMENT OF TRADITIONAL CLAMPED JOINTS IN VAPOUR- AND WIND BARRIER LAYER FOR PASSIVE HOUSE DESIGN PASSIVE DYNAMIC INSULATION SYSTEMS FOR COLD CLIMATES POSSIBILITIES FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF A PCM WINDOW SYSTEM USING LARGE SCALE MEASUREMENTS ENERGY DESIGN OF SANDWICH ELEMENT BLOCKS WITH AGGREGATED CLAY HEATING AND COOLING WITH CAPILLARY MICRO TUBES INTEGRATED IN A THIN-SHALE CONCRETE SANDWICH ELEMENT SMALL CONFERENCE HALL C GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING ONE-STOP-SHOP BUSINESS MODELS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT RENOVATION OF SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS FOR BUSINESS MODELLING OF INTEGRATED ENERGY RENOVATION SERVICES PROMOTION OF ONE-STOP-SHOP BUSINESS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENOVATION OF DETACHED HOUSES IN NORDIC COUNTRIES AMBITIOUS UPGRADING OF POST-WAR MULTI-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: PARTICIPATION AS A DRIVER FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND UNIVERSAL DESIGN

3 DAY 2 - MORNING SESSION MAIN CONFERENCE HALL DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENT WALL FOR RETROFITTING ENERGIKONSEPT FOR OPPGRADERING AV NORDRE GRAN BORETTSLAG I OSLO KAMPEN SCHOOL - RETROFITTING OF AN HISTORIC SCHOOL BUILDING WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT VENTILATION AND LIGHTING SYSTEM REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN A HISTORICAL SCHOOL BUILDING EXAMPLES OF NEARLY NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS THROUGH ONE-STEP AND STEPWISE RETROFITS. 27 SMALL CONFERENCE HALL A OPTIMAL SPACE HEATING SYSTEM FOR LOW-ENERGY SINGLE.FAMILY HOUSE SUPPLIED BY LOW- TEMPERATURE DISTRICT HEATING.28 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A COMBINED SOLAR-THERMAL AND HEAT PUMP TECHNOLOGY IN A NET-ZEB UNDER STOCHASTIC USER-LOADS HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS FOR HEATING AND COOLING OF PASSIVE HOUSES UTFORDRINGER MED INNREGULERING AV VAV ANLEGG I PASSIVHUS THE POTENTIAL OF FAÇADE-INTEGRATED VENTILATION (FIV) SYSTEMS IN NORDIC CLIMATE SMALL CONFERENCE HALL B MARIENLYST SCHOOL COMPARISON OF SIMULATED AND MEASURED ENERGY USE IN A PASSIVE HOUSE SCHOOL VERIFICATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN 8 DANISH PASSIVE HOUSES A PASSIVE HOUSE BASED ON CONVENTIONAL SOLUTIONS ON THE MARKET MEASUREMENTS OF INDOOR THERMAL CONDITIONS IN A PASSIVE HOUSE DURING WINTER CONDITIONS SMALL CONFERENCE HALL C FROM PASSIVE HOUSE TO ZERO EMISSION BUILDING FROM AN EMISSION ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVE LIFECYCLE PRIMARY ENERGY USE AND CARBON FOOTPRINT FOR CONVENTIONAL AND PASSIVE HOUSE VERSIONS OF AN EIGHT-STORY WOOD-FRAMED APARTMENT BUILDING COST EFFECTIVENESS OF NEARLY ZERO AND NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS ARCHITECTURAL FREEDOM AND INDUSTRIALIZED ARCHITECTURE - RETROFIT DESIGN TO PASSIVE HOUSE LEVEL ARCHITECTURAL QUALITIES IN PASSIVE HOUSES SUSTAINABLE VENTILATION

4 DAY 2 - AFTER LUNCH SESSION MAIN CONFERENCE HALL ERFARINGER MED PASSIVHUS ET SYSTEMATISK OVERBLIKK LIVING IN SOME OF THE FIRST DANISH PASSIVE HOUSES EVALUATION OF THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN 8 DANISH PASSIVE HOUSES LESSONS FROM POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION AND MONITORING OF THE 1 ST CERTIFIED PASSIVE HOUSE IN SCOTLAND OVERHEATING IN PASSIVE HOUSES COMPARED TO HOUSES OF FORMER ENERGY STANDARDS SMALL CONFERENCE HALL A BOLIGPRODUSENTENES BIM-MANUAL FOR PASSIVHUSPROSJEKTERING SIMULATION OF A LOW ENERGY BUILDING IN SWEDEN WITH A HIGH SOLAR ENERGY FRACTION SS : A SWEDISH STANDARD FOR ENERGY CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS NS3701: A NORWEGIAN STANDARD FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL PASSIVE HOUSES SMALL CONFERENCE HALL B GEOMETRISKE KULDEBROERS INNVIRKNING PÅ NORMALISERT KULDEBROVERDI HAM AND MOULD GROWTH ANALYSIS OF A WOODEN WALL HYGROTHERMAL CONDITIONS IN EXTERIOR WALLS FOR PASSIVE HOUSES IN COLD CLIMATE CONSIDERING FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIO PERFORMANCE OF 8 COLD-CLIMATE ENVELOPES FOR PASSIVE HOUSES LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF TIMBER FRAME WALLS WITH VARIOUS WEATHER BARRIERS SMALL CONFERENCE HALL C. 58 VAD BEHÖVS FÖR ETT MARKNADSGENOMBROTT AV NYBYGGNATION OCH RENOVERING TILL PASSIVHUS - ANALYS FRÅN SEMINARIESERIE KOMMUNERS MÖJLIGHETER ATT STYRA UTVECKLINGEN MOT PASSIVHUS I SVERIGE OCH UTBILDNING AV BESTÄLLARE INOM KOMMUNAL SEKTOR PASSIVHUSCENTRA I NORDEN BUILD UP SKILLS NORWAY: COMPETENCE LEVEL ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AMONG BUILDING WORKERS

5 Paper Passivhus Norden 2012 NS 3701 Criteria for passive houses and low energy buildings Thor Endre Lexow, Standards Norway, P.O. Box 242, NO-1326 Lysaker, Norway Tor Helge Dokka, SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway Introduction Passive House is a concept introduced by Passivhaus Institut in Germany. Passive houses has become widespread and a success in Germany, Austria and later in several other European countries. Strict requirements for design and constructions in these countries has led to passive houses is recognized as environmentally friendly buildings with very high quality, with good indoor air quality and extremely low energy need. The need to provide an official Norwegian definition of passive houses and low-energy buildings is based on the following: the terms are not clearly defined for Norwegian conditions and given different contents the terms are used in applications for government grants the government wants to increase the demand of buildings with low energy requirements and there is a need for a clarification of the passive house concepts in communication the term may be used in future regulatory requirements, and energy and environmental labelling schemes Because of differences in climate, solutions for construction design and building traditions it is made national adaptations to the German passive house definition. The standard contains a Norwegian definition of passive house and low-energy buildings with requirements for energy demand for heating, cooling, lighting, and in addition a set of minimum requirements for the heat loss and componentents. The standard can be used for certification and documentation of requirements for non-residential buildings that can be classified as lowenergy buildings and passive houses. NS 3701 is based on the same concept as NS 3700 which covers residential buildings. The non-residential buildings covered by NS 3701 are kindergartens, offices, schools, buildings for cultural purpose (e.g. cinema, concert hall, museum), hospitals, nursing home, hotel, sports centre, shops, light industrial buildings and workshops. NS 3701 gives requirement on the heat loss from the building envelope due to heat transmission and infiltration, energy need for heating, cooling and lighting. These requirements are adjusted for the annual mean temperature where the building is located, the building size and the building category. With the two standards NS 3700 and NS 3701 Standards Norway is the first member of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) to have a national standard with criteria for Passive Houses covering all building categories defined in the national building code. NS 3701 was published in September The standard is a practical utility in the planning, construction and evaluation of non-residential buildings with very low energy demand. Calculation of energy demand for heating, cooling and lighting NS 3701 is based on energy calculations according to NS 3031 [NS3940] with standardized input data for different building categories. The calculation procedure in NS 3031 is based on EN-ISO and also other European standards (CEN), with national dependent parameters for occupancy, hourly/monthly calculation steps, zoning of the building etc. Specific energy demand requires both calculation of energy need but also accurate calculation of heated useable floor area according to NS 3940 [NS3940]. Energy performance, heat loss number due transmission and infiltration heat transfer coefficients are all expressed as specific indicators and dependent on the calculated heated floor area.

6 Requirement for the heat loss number The heat transfer coefficient due to transmission and infiltration heat transfer is given as: H tr, inf HD + HU + H g + H inf Where: = [W/K] (1) H D H U H g H inf is the direct heat transfer coefficient between the heated or cooled space and the exterior through the building envelope, expressed in W/K; is the transmission heat transfer coefficient through unconditioned spaces defined, expressed in W/K; is the steady-state ground heat transfer coefficient, expressed in W/K; is the infiltration heat transfer coefficient, expressed in W/K. The heat loss number due to transmission and infiltration heat transfer is calculated as follows: H tr,inf H tr,inf = [W/(m 2 K)] (2) A fl where: A fl is the heated floor area as defined in NS3031 and NS 3940, expressed in m 2 ; Requirements to the highest acceptable heat loss number due to transmission and infiltration for non-residential passive houses and low energy buildings are calculated from table 1. The symbols W and H" tr,inf represents tabulated constants depending on the 11 building types covered by the standard. Examples for W and H" tr,inf is given in table 2. Table 1. Calculation of maximum allowed heat loss number. Table 2. Constants used for calculation the of the maximum allowed heat loss number (only three building categories are shown).

7 Energy demand for heating The highest permissible net energy demand for heating is calculated based on the building size expressed by the heated floor area, A fl,and the yearly mean temperature at the building site,θ ym,according to table 3. The symbols X, K 1, K 2 and EP H,0 is constants depending on the 11 building types covered by the standard. Examples for X, K 1, K 2 and EP H,0 is given in table 4. Table 3. Equation used for calculation of the highest permissible net energy demand for heating (only three building categories are shown). Table 4. Constants used for calculation of the highest permissible net energy demand for heating (only three building categories are shown). Energy need for cooling The highest permissible net energy demand for cooling is calculated based on the design summer temperature, according to table 5. The factor β is a constant depending on the 11 building types covered by the standard. Examples for β is given in table 6. Table 5. Equation used for calculation of the highest permissible net energy demand for cooling

8 Table 6. β-values used for calculation of the highest permissible net energy demand. (only three of eleven building categories are shown). Energy use for lighting Annual specific energy use for lighting is calculated according to EN [EN 15193] and expressed by the LENI indicator. Table 7 gives the requirements on the energy use for lighting for three of the buildings cathegories (kindergarden, office building and schools). Table 7. Highest permissible annual energy use for lighting (only three building categories are shown). Minimum performance of building elements and systems Table 8 shows the minimum performance on building elements and technical buildings systems that has to be fulfilled. These requirements are set to avoid too large trade-offs between the performance of the building envelope and the performance of the technical system.

9 Table 8. Minimum performance on building elements and technical buildings systems. Comparison to the current building vode Figure 1 shows the total net energy demand for an office building of m 2 situated in Oslo fulfilling the energy requirement in the current building code compared to the same office building fulfilling the requirements in NS The total net energy demand for the passive house is decreased with 51% compared to the energy requirement in the current building code. Figure 1. This figure shows the decreased energy demand [kwh/(m 2 year)] for a passive house (office building) according to NS 3701 compared to the energy requirement in the current building code. Background simulations and analysis of the requirements The requirements for heat loss number, heating and cooling demand and is based on simulation of representative building models for different building categories. Due to the fact that small buildings is less compact than large buildings they will have increased heat loss and heating demand with the same energy measures. To take into account this fact different sizes of buildings have been simulated: - A two storey building with conditioned floor area of 1000 m 2, with a foot print of 25 x 20 m.

10 - A two storey building with conditioned floor area of 600 m 2, with a foot print of 20 x 15 m. - A two storey building with conditioned floor area of 300 m 2, with a foot print of 10 x 15 m. - And a one storey building with conditioned floor area of 150 m 2, with a foot print of 10 x 15 m. Fig. 2 shows the building model for the two storey 1000 m 2 building. Figure 2. Schematic model of the 1000 m 2 building used in the simulation. Norway has a very diverse climate, from quite mild coastal climate in south to very cold inland climate in north. There is also a large difference in solar radiation between southern and northern part of Norway. Especially the heating demand will be much higher in the colder parts of Norway compared to the milder parts, but also the cooling demand depends strongly on the local climate. Due to this fact the requirements for heating demand is based on simulation of five places considered representative for the diverse Norwegian climate: - Stavanger with an annual mean temperature of 8,4 ºC - Oslo with an annual mean temperature of 6,3 ºC - Mo i Rana with an annual mean temperature of 3,4 ºC - Røros with an annual mean temperature of 1,0 ºC - Karasjok with an annual mean temperature of -2,5 ºC Regarding the cooling demand of the building this is more dependent on the proximity to the coast giving more clouds and quite low and stable summer temperature, while the inland climate (also far north) give less clouds and higher summer temperatures. Based on this the following places have been chosen as representative for Norway (regarding cooling demand): - Oslo with design summer temperature of 26,7 ºC - Rygge with design summer temperature of 25,8 ºC - Karasjok with design summer temperature of 24,1 ºC - Mo i Rana with design summer temperature of 24,0 ºC - Stavanger with design summer temperature of 23,2 ºC - Bodø with design summer temperature of 22,1 ºC - Tromsø with design summer temperature of 21,5 ºC Simulation of the heat loss number, heating demand and cooling demand have been done with the dynamic simulation software SIMIEN [SIMIEN]. SIMIEN do simulation and evaluation according to NS3031 and is validated against NS-EN [EN 15265]. Other specification and input for the simulations is given in SINTEF project report 99 [Dokka]. How the requirement equations (given in table 3 and 5), for heating- and cooling demand have been deduced is explained in the next two sections. The requirement equation for the heat loss number has been deduced the same way.

11 Requirements for the heating demand Figure 3 shows correlation between simulated heating demand and the heated floor area for the category office buildings. The result shows a clear linear trend with a negative slope of approximately 0,8 kwh/m 2 year for each 100 m 2 increase in heated floor area. The calculated Pearson s correlation coefficient (R 2 ) is 0,912, showing a high degree of correlation. The other ten building categories have the same linear trend as the office building. This correlation between heating demand and heated floor area is the basis for the requirement equation given in table 3. Figure 3.Correlation between simulated heat demand and the size (floor area) of the building.3 Figure 4 shows correlation between simulated heating demand and the annual mean temperature for the five climate location for the 1000 m 2 office building. The result shows a clear linear trend with a negative slope of approximately 3,6 kwh/m 2 year for each degree increase in annual mean temperature. The calculated Pearson s correlation coefficient (R 2 ) is 0,988. The other ten building categories have the same linear trend as the office building. This correlation between heating demand and the annual mean temperature is the other basis for the requirement equations in table 3.

12 Figure 4. Correlation between simulated heat demand and annual mean temperature for the location. Requirements for the cooling demand Figure 5 shows correlation between simulated cooling demand and the summer design temperature for the seven climate location for the 1000 m 2 office building. The result shows a clear linear trend with a positive slope of approximately 1,4 kwh/m 2 year for each degree increase in the summer design temperature. The calculated Pearson s correlation coefficient (R 2 ) is 0,964. The other ten building categories have the same linear trend as the office building. This correlation between cooling demand and the summer design temperature is the basis for the requirement equation in table 5. Figure 6. Correlation between simulated cooling demand and design summer temperature for the location.

13 References [NS 3940] [EN-ISO 13790] [EN 15193] [NS 3031] Standards Norway: NS 3940:2012, Calculation of areas and volumes of buildings, ICS , , , CEN: EN-ISO 13790:2008, Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling, ICS CEN: EN 15193:2007, Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting, ICS , Standards Norway NS 3031:2007, Calculation of energy performance of buidlings - Method and data. ICS ; [NS 3700] Standards Norway NS 3700:2010, Criteria for passive houses and low energy houses - Residential buildings, ICS , [NS 3701] Standards Norway NS 3701:2012, Criteria for passive houses and low energy buildings - Non-residential buildings, ICS , [EN 15265] [SIMIEN] [Dokka] CEN: NS-EN 15265, Bygningers energiytelse Beregning av bygningers energibehov til romoppvarming og -kjøling Generelle kriterier og valideringsprosedyrer SIMIEN version 5.1 SIMulation of Indoor climate and ENergy Use, ProgramByggerne ANS, 2012 ( Dokka TH, "Underlag for bestemmelse av kriterier for passivhus og lavenergi yrkesbygninger, NS 3701:2012", SINTEF Byggforsk prosjektrapport 99, 2012.

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