Vigour Committee. Alison A Powell University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK. Update of Vigour Committee activity 2014

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1 Vigour Committee Alison A Powell University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK Update of Vigour Committee activity 2014

2 Update on membership Test development: Introduction of new methods Introduction of new species Radicle emergence test Conductivity test Shortening of Controlled Deterioration test Other vigour related activities Other Vigour Committee work

3 Vigour Committee members Chair: Alison A. Powell United Kingdom Vice-Chair: Hulya Ilbi Turkey Ibrahim Demir Turkey Bob Elliot Canada Dionysia Fasoula Cyprus Carina Gallo Argentina Simon Goertz Germany Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini Iran Tim Loeffler United States Stan Matthews United Kingdom Gillian McLaren United Kingdom Marie-Helene Wagner France Yan Wang China Enrico Noli Italy Carey Mathiessen Canada Manjunath Prasad India

4 Test development: Introduction of new method Tetrazolium staining as a vigour test for Glycine max WG leader : Carina Gallo (AR) Comparative test results now complete Participants: Miriam Arango, Argentina Maria Victoria Francomano, Argentina Claudia Carracedos, Argentina Jose de Barros Franca-Neto, Brazil Odair Costa, Brazil Tana Moreano, Brazil Silvana Gonzalez, Uruguay 14 June 2013 Alison A Powell

5 Test development: Introduction of new species Radicle emergence (RE test) Stages of test development Assess RE at range of times in the laboratory Complete field emergence trials if evidence of RE vs FE relationship not available Select time of RE assessment that best predicts FE Carry out comparative test.

6 RE test: RE assessed at range of times using automated germination curves Marie-Hélène Wagner: GEVES Automated germination time courses determined for: Sunflower at 25 o C Cabbage at 20 o C Onion at 20 o C Wheat at 20 o C Lucerne at 20 o C Information distributed to VIG members leading WGs

7 Germination (%) Germination (%) Germination (%) Germination (%) Sunflower at 25 C Onion at 20 C Imbibition time (hours) Mean Min Max Imbibition time (hours) Mean Min Max 100 Cabbage at 20 C 100 Wheat at 20 C Imbibition time (hours) Mean Min Max Imbibition time (hours) Mean Min Max

8 RE test: Onion WG leader: Hulya Ilbi (TR), assisted by Gülgün Baslar 16 Seed lots evaluated for: Radicle emergence (single counts of RE made 10 times from 24 hours to 185 hours) Normal germination Field emergence in progress Comparative test to take place after relationship with FE established

9 RE test: Leek WG leader: Ibrahim Demir (TR) 21 seed lots evaluated for: Radicle emergence (single counts of RE made 11 times from 64 hours to 160 hours) Normal germination Field emergence complete; FE related to RE Comparative test to be arranged

10 RE test: Radish WG leaders: Stan Matthews (UK), Kazim Mavi, (TR) RE timing and relation to FE previously established 6 seed lots (>90% NG) selected from 10 tested for comparative test Participants Hulya Ilbi (TR) Ibrahim Demir (TR) Gillian McLaren (UK) Marie-Hélène Wagner (FR) Enrico Noli (IT)

11 RE test: wheat and alfalfa WG leader: Mohammad Khajeh Hosseini Contacted : 100 wheat seed companies in Iran contacted Alfalfa seed companies and public research centres Seed lots for the initial tests received Two PhD students trained in seed quality assessment, particularly vigour methods.

12 RE test: Elymus nutans, Avena sativa WG leader: Yanrong Wang (CN) 2012: Germination and field tests for E. Nutans Field emergence correlated with MGT and RE tests 2014: Germination progress curves determined:15 lots of both species 2014 : 2 field sowings to be completed for each species; relationship to RE examined

13 Test development: Introduction of new species Conductivity test Chickpea: Cicer arietinum Desi type Radish : Raphanus sativus

14 Standard germination after storage (%) Seedling emergence (%) EC test and Brassicaceae: Raphanus sativus (radish) Bulk EC test- 4 x 100 seeds Emergence y = x all lots R ² = 0.877*** A excluding R7 R 2 = 0.856** EC after 17 hours (µs cm -1 g -1 ) months storage (25 o C) y = x EC predicts vigour: emergence storage potential Mavi, Mavi, Demir and Matthews, SST, all lots R ² = 0.865*** B excluding R7 R 2 = 0.789** EC after 17 hours (µs cm -1 g -1 )

15 EC: Radish Clear differences in EC of same lots as used or RE test Both EC and RE being tested in same round of comparative testing Participants Hulya Ilbi (TR) Ibrahim Demir (TR) Gillian McLaren (UK) Marie-Hélène Wagner (FR) Enrico Noli (IT)

16 Shortening the CD test WG leader Marie-Hélène Wagner (FR) Two approaches Alternative method of raising and equilibrating seed MC Replacing germination test after deterioration with an EC test Comparative test completed: 10 labs, 5 lots oilseed rape Participants: Frédéric Corre (FR) Ibrahim Demir (TR) Mohammad Khajeh Hosseini, (IR) Carey Matthiessen (CA) Yan Rong Wang (CN) Malavika Dadlani (IN) Hulya Ilbi (TR) Gillian McLaren (UK) Enrico Noli (IT) Marie-Hélène Wagner (FR)

17 Comparative test Raising seed MC 5 labs : MC raised using filter paper method 4 labs: MC raised using alternative method (roller method) 1 lab: added water to foil packet After CD all labs completed both EC test (4 x 100 seeds in 40 ml) SG test

18 Other development work 1. Seed biotinylated proteins (M-H Wagner [FR]) Previously: SBP related to SG, EC and CD in artificially aged seeds Promising relationships less interesting in lots varying in quality after natural storage 2. EC in forage grasses (Y Wang [CN])

19 Other Vigour Committee activities Proficiency test: Organiser: Gillian McLaren (UK) 73 laboratories Workshop: Bangalore, India, November 2014

20 In memoriam Charles C Baskin Jan. 1, 1932-Sept 12, 2013 Accelerated ageing vigour test with J Curt Delouche in 1960 s Agronomist with Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, Professor of Agronomy with Mississippi State University, Seed Technology consultant Known globally for his contribution to cottonseed production and quality evaluation Cotton seed 3 day count

21 Thank you! All members of Vigour Committee Nadine Ettel, TCOM co-ordinator ECOM for financial support for: RE test development for: Wheat, alfalfa, onion, radish, Elymus nutans and Avena sativa EC test development for: Chickpea, radish