Research and Development on Wind Energy in JAPAN

Transcription

1 Wind Energy Session Asia Renewable Energy Workshop 2015 (AREW 2015) University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Research and Development on Wind Energy in JAPAN Tetsuya KOGAKI National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1

2 Introduction Tetsuya KOGAKI Ph. D., Team Leader, Wind Power Team Renewable Energy Research Center, FREA *1, AIST *2 *1: Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute *2: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Topics 1. Wind potential, status and target of wind introduction in Japan. 2. Issues and challenges in East Asia region and Japan (Common subject matter) 3. Activities for the promotion of wind introduction of Japan (studies, research, human capability building, institutional arrangements, etc.) 4. Elements, missing and possible to offer, items need international cooperation, recommendations of cooperative research with Japan. 5.Role of AIST on NEF researchers invitation program and invitation to participate. 2

3 Introduction Features: High resistance to severe conditions (high turbulence, typhoons and earthquakes) Easy transportation and installation Rotor diameter: 33 m Tower supplied by local manufacturer (AIKAWA Engineering CO.,LTD. in Iwaki) Hub height: 41.5 m Wind turbine Rated Power: 300 kw Manufacturer: KOMAIHALTEC Inc. Model: KWT300 (Specifications) Rated wind speed: 11.5 m/s Cut-in wind speed: 3.0 m/s Cut-out wind speed: 25 m/s Survival wind speed: 70 m/s Upwind type Inductive generator AC-DC-AC convertor Active yaw, Active pitch control PV system Rated power: 500 kw 3

4 Key Statistics 2013 Status of Wind Energy Development in Japan Total installed wind generation 2,670 MW* (2,614 MW, 2012) 2,715 MW** at the end of FY2013 (March 2014) Offshore 49.7 MW* (25.3 MW, 2012) Annual net increase * Statistics at the End December 2013 (JWPA and JWEA) ** Estimates Source: Courtesy of JWPA and JWEA 56 MW * (87 MW in 2012, 202 MW in 2011) Total electric output from wind 4 TWh/year ** (4.5 TWh/year in 2012) Wind generation as % of national electric demand Target: 0.5 % (0.54 % in 2012) N.A. 4

5 Time History of Total Installed Capacity 2,670 MW at the end of MW in 2013 (2,614 MW at the end 2011) Cumulative Capacity of Installed Wind Turbines [MW] 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Long-term prospect of demand and supply of energy : 5000 MW in FY2020 (maximum case) October, 2012, Enforcement of EIA law July, 2012, Change of incentive program from Subsidy and RPS to FIT 4,000 3,600 3,200 2,800 2,400 2,000 1,600 1, Cumulative number of installed wind turbines [units] Capacity [MW] ,050 1,312 1,563 1,830 2,084 2,336 2,556 2,614 2,661 5,000 No. of units ,030 1,202 1,360 1,518 1,630 1,742 1,855 1,887 1,

6 Roadmap by JWPA (Japan Wind Power Association) - Wind power shall supply 10% electricity demand in Japan by Installed capacity shall be 11.1GW in 2020 and 50GW in (On-shore 25GW + Off-shore 7.5GW + Floating 17.5GW) Installed capacity [MW] 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Roadmap for Wind Power Development in Japan, JWPA, May ,000 Off-shore (Floating) Off-shore (Fixed foundation) On-shore Installed 2.67 GW in GW In GW In Fiscal Year Courtesy of JWPA 6

7 Potential of Wind Energy in Japan Study of Potential for the introduction of Renewable Energy conducted by MOE (2011) Potential that includes both onshore and offshore: 1,900 GW larger than introduction potential of small and medium scale hydropower tenfold of introduction potential of non-residential PV hundredfold of potential of geothermal. The possible introduction amount under scenarios for wind: 24 GW to 410 GW larger than the values for residential PV, scale and medium scale hydropower and geothermal Study on possible introduction amount of wind energy conducted by METI (2011) for onshore wind, wind energy resource potential: 1,550 GW (onshore) GW (offshore) possible introduction amount in consideration of profitability: 291 GW (onshore) GW (offshore) willingness of introduction and social acceptance: 38.9GW (onshore) GW (offshore) 7

8 Barriers and R&D topics in Japan Barriers Severer external condition for wind turbine generation Lightning Typhoon attacks Highly turbulent wind condition by mountainous complex terrain Reliability Grid connection Environmental issues and social acceptance Bird strikes Visual impacts Enforcement of EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) laws R&D topics Reliable wind turbine generation in tropical cyclone and high turbulence regions Promotion of Offshore wind turbine generation Reduction of Cost of Energy (COE) Feasibility studies on over 10 MW class wind turbine Commonization of main components of small wind turbines 8

9 Miyako Island Typhoon Disaster in 2003 Track of Typhoon No. 14 (2003) Typhoon class : Tropical cyclone (Class 2) : Typhoon (Class 3)) : Typhoon (Class 4) : Violent typhoon (Class 5) Miyako Island -All 7 turbines are destroyed. -Government started research. (for Construction Act) Typhoon Maemi (No.14 Sep.2003) made an epoch in Japan. Courtesy of MHI 9

10 WT Failure in Miyako by Typhoon Maemi(No.14) in Sept.2003 Okinawa Electric Co. 83m/s Karimata District Fell Down (No.3, Micon 400kW) Damaged (No.4, Micon 400kW) Fell Down (No.5, Micon 400kW Blade Broken (No.6, Enercon 600kW) Nanamata District Blade Broken (No.1, Vestas 600kW) Fell Down (No.2, Enercon 500kW) Meteorological station 74.1m/s Air Force Base 86.6m/s Courtesy of MHI Shirobe District Blade Broken (Vestas 600kW) 10

11 Various Types of Destruction Blade broken (No.6, Enercon 600kW) Cover fly away (No.4, Micon 400kW) Blade broken (Shirobe Vestas 600kW) Blade broken (Nanamata No.2 Vestas 600kW) Fell down (No.3&5, Micon 400kW) Source: Okinawa Times Courtesy of MHI Source: Asahi Daily News Fell down with anchor frame (Nanamata No.1 Enercon 500kW) 11

12 Worldwide Tropical Cyclones, India East Asia & South East Asia Middle and South America Oceania Source: Created using User:jdorje/Tracks by Nilfanion on File:Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg The Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line sees more tropical cyclones than any other basin, while there is almost no activity in the Atlantic Ocean south of the Equator. 12

13 13 High Turbulence Characteristics A mass of measured wind speed data were analyzed in detail. A mass of wind speed data measured at total of 418 sites in Japan. Measured wind speed data of 259 sites is adopted in this analysis (others were excluded because expected capacity factor were low, and those are not suitable for wind farm project). => a mass of measurement sites is regarded as reflecting representative wind characteristics in Japan. Standard deviation of wind speed, σ 1 [m/s] Category A

14 Trend of Wind Energy Market North Europe North America South Europe East Asia India South east Asia Middle and South America Flat terrain and mild extreme wind Complex terrain and/or severe extreme wind by tropical cyclones Codes and standard of severe wind conditions caused by tropical cyclones and complex terrain for wind turbine design will be needed in order to expand the wind energy market, and in order to secure reliability and safety of wind turbine generation systems. 14

15 Proposal from Japanese National Committee 17 For tropical cyclone regions; New WT class for tropical cyclone regions (Class T for Tropical cyclone regions) Flexibility in ratio of V ave /V ref for tropical cyclone regions Advanced prediction methodology for extreme wind speed by Monte Carlo simulation For high turbulence regions; New turbulence category for high turbulence regions (Category H for High turbulence regions) New model for wake and wind farm turbulence taking into account the complex terrain effect Class I II III T S V ref [m/s] V av [m/s] I ref H 0.18 a 0.16 b 0.14 c Values specified by the designer Proposal of additional class and category in IEC Wind Energy Institute of Tokyo

16 Worldwide Lightning Map Source: World map showing frequency of lightning strikes, in flashes per km² per year (equal-area projection), from combined data from the Optical Transient Detector and data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor. 16

17 NEDO R&D of Offshore Wind Power Generation Hibikinada, Fukuoka pref. (Kyusyu Area) JSW J82 2 MW gearless PMSG WT (D: 83m, H: 80m) X 1. Offshore measurement platform (Height: 85 m) Hybrid gravity type foundation. 1.4 km from shoreline. Water depth: 14 m. Operation started from Jun. 27, Choshi, Chiba pref. ExCo members visited in Technical tour (Oct. 25, 2012). MHI MWT2.4/ MW OWT (D: 127m, H: 80m) X 1. Offshore measurement platform (Height: 100m) X1. Gravity type foundation for both WT and platform. 3.1 km from shoreline. Water depth: 12 m. Operation started from Jan. 29,

18 METI Demo. PJ of Floating OWF Fukushima Floating Offshore Wind Farm Demonstration PJ - Fukushima FORWARD This project was planed as one of symbols of Fukushima s revival by renewable energy. Various types of floating OWTs are installed in the Pacific Ocean more than 20 km offshore of Fukushima Depth: m Significant wave height: m Annual average wind speed: 7.0 m/s or more. Main contractors: Phase 1 (FY2011-FY2013) 2 MW downwind WT with 4 column semi-submersible. 25 MVA floating offshore electrical substation with advanced spar Phase 2 (FY2014-FY2016) 7 MW WT with 3 column semi-submersible. 7 MW WT with advanced spar type floater. 18

19 Fukushima Floating Offshore Wind Farm Demonstration Project (Fukushima FORWARD) Courtesy of the University of Tokyo, Source: Hitachi 2MW Downwind-type Floating Wind Turbine Fukushima Mirai 66 kv and 25 MVA Floating Substation Fukushima Kizuna Cup anemo. and Vane LIDAR Wave meter Current meter Thermo-hygrograph Meteorological observation instruments 19

20 NEDO Research on Over 10 MW Class Wind Turbines Total Design Downwind Single- and Multi-pass PMSG and RCG Elemental Technologies Generator 3 and 2 blade WT with high TSR. FS on 2 blade WT by Hardware-Inthe-Loop Simulation (HILS), wind tunnel experiments and CFD simulations. Racetrack HTS coil module Cryogenic gas transfer coupling Turbo-brayton refrigerator 20

21 NEF Researcher Invitation Program research associates from Vietnam (VAST) Study of the Assessment Method of Wind Conditions in Japan and Application to Coto Island in Vietnam Computational domain used in CFD simulations of flow around Con Dao Islands (Le and Kogaki, 2014) research associates from Vietnam (VAST) and 1 research associates from Laos (MEM) Study on the Assessment Method of Wind Conditions in Japan and Application to Con Dao Islands in Vietnam Research on Wind Energy Potential in Laos research associates from Laos (MEM) Research on the wind atlas methodology in Japan and application to Laos (Tentative) A sample of CFD simulation results (distribution of longitudinal component of velocity vector of flow over Con Dao islands) (Le and Kogaki, 2014) 21

22 Summary Japan will continue to expand the introduction of wind power, and to promote RD&D advanced wind power generation technology. Japan has been tackling research of severer external condition for wind power generation such as, Typhoons High turbulence wind characteristics by complex terrain Lightning and we can share Japan s knowledge with southeast asian countries. Common research themes Reliable wind power generation for Reliable estimation of wind power potential and wind atlas Medium and small size wind power generation technology 22

23 Courtesy of Dr. Matsumiya Thank you for your attention!