Establishment of National GIS of Korea

Transcription

1 2. AN OUTLINE OF THE KOREAN HOUSING MARKET Establishment of National GIS of Korea KRIHS SPECIAL REPORT 2007 Geospatial Information Research Center Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements

2 Copyright 2007 Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements All rights reserved. Printed in the Republic of Korea. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any manner without written permission from KRIHS except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For more information, please address inquiries to: Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 224 Simin-ro, Dongangu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, , Korea. Anyang: Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 2007 p.cm Includes bibliographical references ISBN

3 Establishment of National GIS of Korea FOREWORD Supply and use of computers have become widespread since the mid 1980's in Korea. In line with this, public institutions and local governments began to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and as GIS application was gradually extended, the need for national standards and criteria has been raised that are essential for data compatibility. GIS also became spotlighted as a means by which one can accurately identify and effectively manage underground facilities, following two tragic events: an underground storage tank explosion that occurred in Seoul in 1994, and an explosion at a Daegu subway construction site which occurred in Under this backdrop, the need for the National GIS (NGIS) was actively discussed, culminating in the initiation of the NGIS Project in Under the NGIS Project, a Master Plan has been established every five years. Also, under the initiative, the nation has expanded infrastructure for national spatial information through various efforts including framework data construction, standards setting-up, technology development, GIS education and distribution network construction. During the first five years of the project (1995~2000), the infrastructure for fundamental spatial information was constructed, which included converting existing paper topographic maps into digital maps, and digitizing cadastral maps, underground facilities maps and road network maps. The next 6 years of the project (2001~2005) set up the institutional infrastructure such as establishment of related laws. Also, a GIS-based administrative information system was established and applied for each individual sector. Since 2005, the nation has been promoting a project of advancing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure targeting informatization of the national territory to accommodate the ubiquitous information environment. Korea has expanded infrastructure for national spatial information over the past 12 years, successfully implementing the NGIS Project. On this basis, public institutions have improved their administrative efficiency and public services. Also, private enterprises have contributed to activating the service industry exploiting geospatial information. It is my wish that this report, which summarizes the progress, will be frequently referred to by GIS experts overseas who are interested in the NGIS Project of Korea. In particular, I hope that this report will be useful for developing countries in Asia, who wish to learn from experiences and know-hows on NGIS construction of Korea. Byung-Sun Choe, Ph. D. President Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements 11 3

4 Establishment of National GIS of Korea

5 Contents 3 Foreword 7 Authors 9 Acronyms and Abbreviations Outline of Korea National GIS Sakong, Ho-Sang 1) Background and Purpose 2) Process and Status of NGIS Project 3) Functions and Roles of Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements 4) Future Plan Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure 1) Framework Data Shin, Dong-Bin 2) NGIS Standard Kim, Mi-Jeong 3) National Geographic Information Clearinghouse Shin, Dong-Bin 4) NGIS Technology Development Chung, Moon-Sub 5) GIS Education Han, Shun-Hee 6) Institutions and Organizations Lee, Young-Joo 7) Research Projects for NGIS Seo, Ki-Hwan Major NGIS Projects 1) Korea Land Information Systems Choe, Byong-Nam & Kim, Kirl 2) Roads and Underground Facilities Management Systems Kim, Jung-Hoon & Han, Jay-II 3) Korea Planning Support Systems Kim, Kirl

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7 Authors Authors Choe, Byong-Nam Research Fellow of KRIHS. Ph.D. in Management Information Systems, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. Major research fields are National GIS policy and analysis, and design of GIS applications. Recent research works include A Study on the Basic Framework of the National Territorial Policy Decision Support Systems 2007), Development of Korea Planning Support Systems (2006~2007), Strategies for Creating Cyber National Territory toward the Ubiquitous World(II) (2005), Integrated Spatiotemporal Simulation Model for National Territorial Policy(I, II) (2005~2006), Strategies for Implementation GIS-based Local e-government (2004), Development of Land Information Systems (1998~2004), Methods and Strategies for Construction Land Use Monitoring System (2003), and A Study on the 2nd(2000) and 3rd(2005) National GIS Master Plan. (bnchoe@krihs.re.kr) Chung, Moon-Sub Research Fellow of KRIHS. Completed Ph.D. course in Geomatics, Inha University. Major research fields are National Territorial Information System and GIS policy. Recent research works include Strategies for Building Disaster Prevention Territory Using GIS (2006), Strategies of Digital Networked Territory for Ubiquitous World (2005), Vision and Policy Issues for National Geographic Information System in Korea (2004), Strategies for Integrated National Territorial Information System (2003), A Study on the Strategies for National Spatial Data Infrastructure (2003), A Study on the Appraisal for National Geographic Information System (2002) and A Study on Strategies for Local Government Informatization Using GIS (2000). (mschung@krihs.re.kr) Han, Jay-Il Assistant Research Fellow of KRIHS. Master of Science in Civil Engineering, Myongji University. Major research fields are National Geographic Framework Database, National Geographic Information Standards, and Roads & Underground Facilities Database management. Recent research works include R&D on Intelligent Urban Underground Facilities Management (2007), Strategies for NGIS Standards (2006), Methods to Integrate and Manage National Framework Data (2006), and A Study on the Promotion of Integrated Management Plan of Roads and Underground Facilities Database (2003). (jihan@krihs.re.kr) Han, Shun-Hee Associate Research Fellow of KRIHS. Bachelor in Computer Engineering, Dongguk University. Major research fields are National GIS policy and statistics. Recent research works include Methods to Survey on the Status of Use of Territory in North Korea (2006), Strategies for Creating Cyber National Territory toward the Ubiquitous World(II) (2005), A Study on the 3rd NGIS Master Plan (2004), Assembling Geographic Information in North Korea : Focusing on Non-Field Survey Methodology (2004), The Study on the Accuracy Measurement Methods of Geographic Information (2002), Cyber Territory Construction in Digital Age (2001), and Land Use Interpretation Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery of Kaeseong, North Korea (2001). (shhan@krihs.re.kr) Kim, Jung-Hoon Research Fellow of KRIHS. Ph.D. in Town and Country Planning, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Major research fields are National GIS policy and u-city. Recent research works include The Study on the Planning System for the Realization of u-city (2007), The National Strategies for the Realization of u-city (2006), A Study on the Application of Land Form Standards for the Rational Choice of Available Lands For Developmen (2005), and A Study on Implementation Strategies of Urban Information System Based on Common-Use Program for facilities Management (2004). (junghkim@krihs.re.kr) Kim, Kirl Associate Research Fellow of KRIHS. Ph.D. in Geography, Florida State University. Major research areas are urban geography, quantitative geography and GIS. Recent research papers include A Study on the Basic Frameworks of the National Territorial Policy Decision Support Systems (2007), Korea Planning Support Systems (2006~2007), The Strategies of Developing the Korea Planning Support Systems (2007), and The Causes and Factors Generating Gentrification in Seoul (2007). (kirlk@krihs.re.kr) 11 7

8 Authors Kim, Mi-Jeong Associate Research Fellow of KRIHS. Ph.D. in Geography, Konkuk University. Major research fields are National GIS policy and analysis, and land information system. Major research works include Methods and Strategies for Land Use Regulation Information System (2005), 3rd National GIS Master Plan (2005), Development of Land Information Systems (1998~2005), Strategies for Implementation GIS_based Local e-government (2004), and Methods and Strategies for Construction Land Use Monitoring System (2003). Lee, Young-Joo Associate Research Fellow of KRIHS. Ph.D. in Media and Governance, Keio University. Major research areas are National GIS policy and business GIS. Major research projects and studies include Assessment and Establishment of Action Program for National GIS Projects (2006), A Study on a White Paper of the 2nd National GIS Project (2006), and A Study on the 3rd National GIS Master Plan (2005). (leeyj@krihs.re.kr) Sakong, Ho-Sang Director of the Geospatial Information Research Center of KRIHS. Ph.D. in Urban Planning, University of Seoul. Major research projects and studies concerning national policy of GIS/Remote Sensing include NGIS Strategies for Preparing Paradigm Shift of Geospatial Information (2007), Support Study of NGIS Policy and Implementation (2006), A Study on the 3rd NGIS Master Plan (2004), Strategies for Integrated National Territorial Information System (2003), and Urban Analysis through Integration of Remotely Sensed Data and GIS (2002). (hssa@krihs.re.kr) Seo, Ki-Hwan Associate Research Fellow of KRIHS. Master in Geographic Information Systems, Kyungpook National University. Major research fields are spatial decision support and GIS. Recent research works include Strategies for NGIS in Preparation for Paradigm Shift in Geospatial Information (2007), Methods to Survey on the Status of Use of Territory in North Korea (2006), Assembling North Korea's Geographic Information to Promote Cooperation between South and North Korea (2005), A Study on the 3rd National GIS Master Plan (2004), and Strategies for Integrated National Territorial Information System (2003). (khseo@krihs.re.kr) Shin, Dong-Bin Research Fellow of KRIHS. P.E, Ph.D. in Civil Engineering, Yonsei University. Major research fields are National GIS policy, Geographic Information Circulation and Quality Control of GIS Database. Recent research works include Strategies for Enhancing National Geographic Information Clearinghouse (2006), A Study on the Promotion of Integrated Management Plan of Roads and Underground Facilities Database (2003), A Study on Implementation Strategies to Build Framework Database (2002), A Study on the Audit of Underground Facility Database (2002), A Study on a White Paper of the 1st National GIS Construction Project (2002), and A Study on the Unified Management for Roads and Underground Facilities Database (2002). (dbshin@krihs.re.kr) 128

9 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS GIS KLIS KOPSS KRIHS LBS LMIS MCIE MIC MOCT MOGAHA NGIC NGIS NSDI PBLIS WAMP Geographic Information Systems Korea Land Information Systems Korea Planning Support Systems Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements Location Based Service Land Management Information System Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy Ministry of Information and Communication Ministry of Construction and Transportation Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs National Geographic Information Clearinghouse National Geographic Information Systems National Spatial Data Infrastructure Parcel-based Land Information System Widely Applicable Management Program 11 9

10 1. Outline of Korea National GIS 1) Background and Purpose In Korea, the concept of a Geographic Information System (GIS) was introduced in the late 1980's. On an independent basis, some local governments, public institutions and private sector companies began to carry out GIS projects. With multiple GIS projects being conducted by separate institutions, problems arose such as duplicated data implementation, lack of compatibility and quality deterioration. It soon became evident that it was necessary to formulate national standards and present a diversity of standards so as to prevent waste and improve data interoperability. That is, a wellstructured arrangement and planned promotion was required. In addition, Korea was faced with a range of problems that included environmental pollution, traffic jams, and a lack of basic infrastructure, as a result of rapid industrialization and urbanization that had occurred in the past 20 years (from the beginning of the 1990s). The necessity of new analysis and a management technique for solving it became conspicuous. Specifically, the occurrence of a city gas supply base explosion in Ahyeon-dong, Seoul in 1994, and a subway construction site gas pipe explosion in Sangin-dong, Daegu in 1995 became decisive moments for the introduction of the NGIS. Accordingly, the Korean government established the NGIS Master Plan and began to actively execute the NGIS Project in May 1998, in order to establish the National Spatial Information Infrastructure (NSDI) systematically and consistently

11 1. Outline of Korea National GIS Table 1 Vision of NGIS Master Plan Description 1st NGIS Master Plan 2nd NGIS Master Plan 3rd NGIS Master Plan Vision To construct national spatial data, to strengthen national competitiveness and to improve ministrative productivity To realize a digital national territory by expanding the NSDI To create infrastructure for realization of ubiquitous country Objectives Strategies Spatial DB construction National standard acceptance and GIS S/W development Establishment of basic spatial DB standard Construction of basic spatial DB infrastructure Spatial data standardization Government GIS application system development Improvement of related regulations Development of digital national territory foundation Internet utilization and application of geographic information Core technology development and industry promotion Continuous development of infrastructure environment, such as standardization and GIS education Expansion of the NSDI Improvement of distribution system Strong support from government Strengthening of mutual partnership Maximization of publiccentered service Realization of GIS-based e- Government Improvement of quality of life through GIS Creation of new businesses by using GIS Expansion and substantialization of fundamental geographic information Maximization of GIS use Promotion of development of GIS core technology Establishment of NGIS standard system Advancement of GIS policy 2) Process and Status of NGIS Project The first NGIS Project (1995~2000) was intended to construct spatial information, with the goals of strengthening national competitiveness and improving administrative productivity. In order to realize these goals, the government constructed spatial information DB and established NGIS standards and developed GIS software. In this period, the government concentrated on the computerization of the national basemap, which was the basis of national spatial information. That is, it computerized the topographic map published by the government at the scales of 1/5000, 1/25000, and 11

12 12 1/50000, and also computerized the Cadastral Map, Land Use Map, and the road network. In addition, the government formulated the standards required for data construction, and developed the related technologies. In 2000, it laid the groundwork for the NGIS, through formulating and executing the Act on the Implementation and Utilization of the National Geographic Information System (NGIS Law). The second NGIS Project (2001~2005) was aimed at realizing a digital national territory through the expansion of the NSDI. In order to actualize this, the infrastructure environment was continuously constructed through a range of initiatives, and this included the arrangement of the foundation of the digital national territory, the distribution of geographic information via the Internet, core GIS technology development & industry support, standardization and manpower cultivation. In this period, the government concentrated on establishing the application system with the framework data. The framework data included administrative districts, traffic, marine & water resources, cadastre, geodetic control points, topography, facilities, satellite images and aerial photos: geographical information that became the most basic framework of the nation. In addition, the government executed the application system construction project in each ministry using the implemented geographic information. It also established an infrastructure that enabled public institutions to share information each other and acquire geographical information easily, which was the national geographic information distribution network. The third NGIS Project (2006~2010) set the goal of building up the infrastructure for the realization of Ubiquitous territory. To achieve this goal, the government has expanded, reinforced, and maximized GIS utilization, developed GIS's core technologies, established a NGIS standard system, and advanced GIS policy. The concept of ubiquitous territory refers to an environment in which everyone can acquire and utilize spatial information easily, anytime and anywhere. To achieve this, the government plans to complete the framework data construction, to build the integrated GIS DB, and to develop the Intelligent National Territorial Information Technology before For the first NGIS Project, a budget of approximate 280 billion won was invested, including national expenses and the local government's expense. For the second NGIS Project, a budget of approximate 550 billion won was spent(only national expense). Finally, a total budget of 1.5 trillion won is scheduled to be required for the third NGIS Project.

13 1. Outline of Korea National GIS Table 2 Accomplishments of NGIS Project Description 1st NGIS Project 2nd NGIS Project 3rd NGIS Project Geographic data construction Topographical map and cadastral map computerization Construction of special maps, such as land utilization status map Construction of framework data by sector, such as road, river, building and cultural heritage Inclusion of Statistical Districts in framework data Completion of framework data construction by 2010 Application system establishment Underground facilities map construction GIS application system development, such as land utilization, environment, agriculture and marine and GIS education Linkage and integration of individual GIS application systems Standardization Formulation of DB construction-related standards, such as national basemap and special maps Formulation of geographical information exchange and distribution-related standards Formulation of 1 standard for framework data, 13 standards for geographical information construction, 5 standards for distribution, and 4 standards for the application system Re-establishment of framework data standard Modification and supplementation of existing standards Strengthening of standard application PR Technology development Mapping technology, DB Tool, GIS S/W technology development Technology development such as 3-dimensional GIS, and high-precision satellite image processing Intelligent National Territorial Information Technology Development project GIS education Manpower cultivation through informatization labor project Off-line GIS education Off-line and On-line GIS education Education materials and practice program development Operation of 15 GIS education universities Production of On-line education contents Distribution Pilot NGIC project promotion NGIC establishment: A total of 139 types and about 700,000 cases registered The same 11 13

14 3) Functions and Roles of Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements Because the NGIS Project has involved the active participation of many ministries, including the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs (MOGAHA), the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) and the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MCIE), as well as the Ministry of Construction and Transportation (MOCT), the role of the NGIS Management Agency is very important. As the NGIS Management Agency of the NGIS Promotion Committee, the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) has taken the initiative in executing the NGIS Project by developing related policies and by monitoring the project. The KRIHS established the 1st, 2nd and 3rd NGIS Master Plan, and has constantly developed NGIS policies and strategies through its research. In particular, the KRIHS has directly executed the framework data, standards, distribution, and GIS education project, which are the core factors of the NSDI, and has developed the related policies. That is, it has played the role of a policy brain. The KRIHS planned the NGIS Project conducted by the government, and took the initiative in developing the technology and system while executing the policy functions. Its representative project is the Korea Land Information Systems (KLIS). For this project, the KRIHS conducted basic research, experimental research and a pilot project. The project was then implemented by the MOCT. In addition, the KRIHS has established the GIS analysis technique and analysis model through basic research, and has recently concentrated on the Decision Support System using GIS. 4) Future Plan As shown in <Figure 1>, the Korean government has resolved 'infrastructure development for the realization of ubiquitous national territory as the policy principle behind the currently-implemented third NGIS Project. The goal of the project encompasses the public sector, the civil sector and industrial sector. The public sector goals target the central government and the local governments, and include realization of GIS-based e-government. The civil sector goals include the promotion of civil safety and convenience through the utilization of GIS. Also, the industrial sector will research new industrial developments, such as the service utilizing GIS and g-contents development. Strategies for the third NGIS Project are as follows; Firstly, strengthen the NSDI, such as the framework data, standard, distribution 12 14

15 1. Outline of Korea National GIS technology development, and GIS education. It is necessary to modify, supplement and update the NSDI continuously, not simply execute for a certain period. Accordingly, the third NGIS Project will concentrate on reinforcing and enhancing the NSDI. Secondly, maximize the application value of the NGIS. It intends to execute national territory informatization, to enable active responses to changes in the information environment. It will also establish the Integrated Land Information System, which links or integrates individually operated information systems, to easily apply spatial information anytime and anywhere. In order to develop the technology to connect the GIS with the ubiquitous information environment, the korean government is expected to execute the Intelligent National Territorial Information Technology Development Project, for 5 years starting from this year. Thirdly, construct a user-oriented NGIS. In the beginning of the NGIS Project, the focus was on building the NSDI. However, in this stabilization phase, the NGIS Project aims to construct custom-made geographic information, or an application system desired by users. Lastly, because the NGIS is one part of national information infrastructure, the NGIS Project will not independently execute the project, but collaborate with other national informatization-related projects. For example, it is effective to maintain a cooperative relationship with e-government projects and IT-based projects. The NSDI is the important national infrastructure required for continuous territory development, support for the nation s economic activity, development of a safe and convenient living environment, and efficient & productive administration. Until now, the focus has been on the GIS establishment of the public sector, by the central and the local governments. However, a course of development must be pursued that allows for the activation of GIS-based private industry, and the expansion of GIS contents in the public service

16 Figure 1 3rd NGIS Master Plan Schema Vision Creation of Infrastructure for Realization of Ubiquitous Country Objectives Realization of GIS-based e-government Improvement of quality of life through GIS Creation of new businesses by using GIS Strategies Expansion and substantiation of NGIS infrastructure Construction of user-oriented national spatial information Maximization of NGIS use value Cooperation with national informatization project Expansion and substantiation of fundamental geographic information Maximization of GIS use Main Projects Promotion of development of GIS core technologies Establishment of NGIS standard system Advancement of GIS policy 12 16

17 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure 1) Framework Data (1) Outline of Framework Data As the information society has developed, the demand for applied geographic data in the private sector and public sector has substantially increased. This demand for geographic data has continuously increased on all fronts; from individuals, public institutions, and industry. To effectively respond to this increasing demand, while ensuring reliability and preventing waste from overlapping construction, geographic data must be constructed and supplied at the national level. Most countries around the world have constructed the most basic geographic information and supplied it to the public. This can be referred to as framework data. Recognizing the importance and necessity of framework data, Korea has been also promoting framework data construction as a priority task of the NGIS Project. In Korea, a definition for framework data and the items of framework data is prescribed in the NGIS Law. According to the NGIS Law, there must be geographic information that becomes a basic framework in construction and application of the NGIS as requisites of framework data. Secondly, there must be basic geographic information, which is extensive and is required by a range of users. Thirdly, there must be many types of geographic information that add or overlap, diagrammatically or spatially. Also, the object of the framework data is specified in the Enforcement Decree of the Implementation and Utilization of the National Geographic Information System ACT. Framework data, as specified by the president, means administrative districts, transportation, marine & water resources (including the sewer system), land register, geodetic control points, topography, facilities (including national cultural heritage and the designated cultural heritage of Si & Do), satellite images & aerial photos, and other geographic information designated by the head of the related central administrative organ by the committee s review. As the Statistical District is included in the above framework data, it has been adjusted into 10 fields. As prescribed in the NGIS Law, because the framework data is the information that provides the most basic framework, and is the NSDI that is commonly used in extensive and varied fields, the framework data must be built according to strict standards and guidelines

18 Figure 2 Framework Data Items Administrative district Cadastre Transportation Geodetic control point Overlapping Utilization Facilities Topography Water resources Spatial imagery Ocean Statistical district (2) Framework Data Construction to Date In the period of the first NGIS Project (1995~2000), the framework data construction project was not conducted in a strict sense. This was because there was a fundamental condition required prior to constructing the framework data. At that time, there were no existing standards with regard to construction of geographic information in digital form. Accordingly, in this period, research was performed to determine a plan for constructing framework data that was suitable for our needs. Also, we carried out tasks such as construction of framework data of an experimental level for a project area prior to fully promoting the project

19 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure For the second NGIS Project period (2001~2005), the framework data was actively constructed. In 2004, the framework data model standards of administrative district, transportation, facilities and water resources fields were formulated. In 2005, the framework data construction for the transportation, facility and water resources fields were completed. In addition, the framework data-related DB construction project has been constantly executed for the ocean, spatial imagery, geodetic control point and cadastre. (3) Method of Framework Data Construction Because the framework data are composed of 10 different items, it is difficult for one organization to implement completely. For this reason, it is desirable that a legally or occupationally related public institution should implement and continue to maintain the framework data. Therefore, as shown in <Figure 3>, the boundary of the administrative district is the responsibility of the MOGAHA, while transportation is the Figure 3 Institutions in Charge of Framework Data Construction Administrative district Transportation Facilities Cadastre Water resources Ocean Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs Ministry of Construction and Transportation National Geographic Information Institute National Geographic Information Institute Cultural Heritage Administration Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs Ministry of Construction and Transportation National Geographic Information Institute Korea Water Resource Corporation Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries National Oceanographic Research Institute Topography Geodetic control point National Geographic Information Institute Spatial imagery Statistics Korea National Statistical Office Primary Institution 11 19

20 responsibility of the National Geographic Information Institute. Also, the shoreline is the responsibility of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and the topography, geodetic control points and spatial imagery is the responsibility of the National Geographic Information Institute. Finally, the statistical district is the responsibility of the Korea National Statistical Office. In other words, a responsible organization has been designated for each item. Institutions that implement the framework data will implement and update the data by determining the object of implementation, the level of quality, the production method and the production plan for each field through discussions with the MOCT. (4) Status of Framework Data Construction The most desirable situation would be to newly develop framework data according to current requirements in terms of quality. However, as this would involve a lot of time and expense, the framework data have been implemented through application of a digital topographic map. That is, the procedure to connect a structured editing and attribute information after extracting the geographic information layer from the Digital Topographic Map has been additionally executed. As the status of the framework data implementation shown in <Table 3>, the transportation, facilities, cadastre and water resource sectors were completely implemented, and have been continuously updated as of the end of The administrative district, ocean, topography, and geodetic control point sectors are currently under construction. The spatial imagery and statistical district sectors are scheduled to be implemented beginning in Because the framework data have been constructed applying digital topographic map layers, its quality in terms of accuracy and precision is low. To improving this, an enhancement process must be constantly executed. Also, in order avoid overlap of the framework data s application, a framework data integration and management institution, which synthetically manages all items of framework data, will be designated and managed. In addition, all items of framework data are scheduled to be completely constructed by

21 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure Table 3 Present Status of Framework Data Construction Field Item Completed In progress Planned Administrative district Administrative and legal boundary Transportation Road boundary and road center line Railway boundary and railway center line Facilities Building Cultural heritage Cadastre Cadastre Water resources River center, river boundary, lake & reservoir, river valley boundary Ocean Shoreline, ocean boundary, submarine topography, ocean control point Topography Digital elevation model Control point Geodetic control point Spatial imagery Orthoimage, orthophoto Statistics Statistical district (5) Future Plan The goal of the framework data implementation project of the third NGIS Project (2006~2010) is to complete implementation of framework data and to improve its quality. In order to complete implementation of framework data by 2010, cooperation among institutions that implement the framework data is crucial. Accordingly, the cooperation system of the institutions implementing the framework data is to be strengthened, mainly by the MOCT. Next, the requisites of framework data must be definitely determined, in order to improve the quality of framework data. Because framework data are currently extracted from the digital topographic map, there is an insufficient requisite as topographic information. Accordingly, the requirements of quality will be determined, such as time accuracy, position accuracy, attribute accuracy, completeness and consistency. As the framework data is widely utilized by all, everyone should be able to easily utilize it. To this end, the framework data must be accessible via the Internet, from anywhere and at any time. If possible, it must be provided free of charge. Therefore, the framework data are scheduled to be provided effectively through the National Geographic Information Clearinghouse (NGIC)

22 2) NGIS Standard (1) Overview When the NGIS Project is executed according to the prescribed standards, budget waste can be prevented, and synergy can be created through improved efficiency and inter-connectedness between projects. Accordingly, GIS standardization has been pursued from the earliest stages of the NGIS Master Plan. Standardization means determining a common system and following it, so as to enable a range of different users to share data or a system. The system requires data, a method of making the data, and a method of exchanging the data. Also, to enable multiple users to follow it, there needs to be reasonable discussion and the approval of an authorized organization. For such a system, the standard system is composed of an object of standardization, a method of standardization, procedures of standardization, and organization of standardization. That is, it is necessary to establish what will be standardized, which method will be used for the standard, which procedures will be executed for the standard, and who will make the standard. Accordingly, the GIS standard system to be established for the NGIS was composed of the object of GIS standardization, the method of GIS standardization, the procedures of GIS standardization, and the organization of GIS standardization. Figure 4 NGIS Standard System GIS Standard Method - Data standard - Procedure standard - Technology standard Procedures of GIS Standardization - Development (updating) procedure - Maintenance procedure - Standard application GIS Standardization Targets - Spatial data implementation - Maintenance & updating - Distribution & service Organization of GIS Standardization - Organization formulation - Role and detailed duties 12 22

23 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (2) Performance of GIS Standardization In the 10-year period from 1995 to 2005, 73 GIS-related standards were developed. These included the standard for implementation of spatial data for effective execution of the NGIS Project, the spatial information exchange and distribution-related standard, and the standard for the interface or architecture for improving the efficiency of GIS application system. With regard to the standard for implementing spatial information, there were mostly the standards for the production of digital drawings, such as the national basemap, thematic map and underground facilities map. To this end, about 49 related standards were developed. With regard to the standard for continuously maintaining and updating implemented spatial information, one standard was developed. With regard to the standard for providing spatial information and system, a total of 23 standards for data exchange, web service, mobile service and others were developed. Its development was focused on the individual unit project. Table 4 Standards Developed for Period of the 1st and 2nd NGIS Master Plan (example) Object Method GIS Standards Building Spatial Information Data standard Process standard Design guideline for geographic framework data model, Geographic data model standard, Standard for underground facility map for NGIS, Digital map integrated standard for NGIS, etc. Geographic information-quality evaluation procedures, Geographic information-procedures for item registration, etc. Technology standard - Maintenance & Updating Service Data standard Metadata standard for geographic information management Process standard - Technology standard - Data standard Geographic information-portrayal, Exchange standard of national framework database based on GML, etc. Process standard - Technology standard Web feature service, Function for mobile GIS services, etc

24 From 2006, the NGIS standard is intended to actually modify the standard of framework data implementation for the NSDI. In addition, a GIS standard to support implementation of spatial information infrastructure by objects of GIS standardization will be selected as shown in <Table 5>, and then related standards by year will be developed. In addition, continuous maintenance will be executed for developed GIS standards. By actively promoting the developed and maintained GIS standards, it will be able to be applied in diverse fields. Table 5 Standards to be Developed During Period of the 3rd NGIS Master Plan (example) Object Method GIS Standards Building Spatial Info Maintenance & Updating Service Data standard Process standard Technology standard Data standard Process standard Technology standard Data standard Process standard Technology standard Specification for imagery and gridded data, Data model for moving features, Extended UFIS for u-service, etc. 3-dimensional geographic information specification using GIS DB Sensor data model for u-service Profile for geographic information metadata, Metadata for imagery geographic information, etc. Guideline for GIS standard application in public sector, Guideline for GIS implementation in public sector, Geographic information updating process, Quality control for geographic information web service Guideline for integrating geographic information service based on web service 3-dimensional geographic information portrayal based on web service, XML encoding based on imagery data, Simple portrayal model for moving feature, Semantic web framework for geographic information web service Geographic information service workflow, SQL for moving feature query Sensor service interface for u-service, Common service for GIS integration in public sector, Geographic information RSS service interface, Common interface for geographic information web service, Geographic information cataloguing service interface 12 24

25 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (3) Organization of GIS Standard The NGIS Promotion Committee is composed of a total of 5 subcommittees. Among them, the standardization subcommittee is in charge of standardization. In order to actively perform standardization, a working group and a technical advisory committee operate under the standardization subcommittee. The standardization subcommittee executes decision-making duties such as drawing mutual agreements among standard-related institutions. The standardization subcommittee must report to the MCIE, the MIC, and the MOCT. The working group executes ordinary duties such as the public subscription and acceptance of standards in relation to GIS Standard. The Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, the National Information Society Agency, and the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute have jointly executed the GIS Standard. The technical advice team is in charge of technical review & modification of developed standards, the pilot application of the proposed standard and the evaluation of application results. This team is organized by private experts who are experienced in performing actual standardization, or of implementing the system and data by utilizing the standard. Figure 5 Formation of Standardization Subcommittee Standardization Subcommittee (MCIE, MIC & MOCT) Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Working Group Technical Advice Team Korean Agency for Technology and Standards National Information Society Agency KRIHS 11 25

26 The standardization subcommittee needs to have close cooperation with other subcommittees such as the framework data subcommittee, the utilization & distribution subcommittee, and the technology development subcommittee. That is, when the framework data subcommittee, the utilization & distribution subcommittee, and the technology development subcommittee related to the GIS standard establish a standard execution plan for developing the GIS standard, they submit it to the standardization subcommittee, and the standardization subcommittee reviews the submitted plan and standard for overlap. Therefore, there is a mutual partnership of the subcommittees. In addition, when each subcommittee develops the GIS standard, the standardization subcommittee executes active supports for it. (4) Process of GIS Standardization The NGIS standard is formulated through a five-phase process. The first phase is the exploration and public subscription of the GIS standard to be developed. This phase explores the standard required for implementation of the national spatial information infrastructure, and to publicly subscribe it to the standard experts. Through it, it is expected that the development of the standard will be participated in more practical and diversified fields. The second phase is the development of the standard selected in the phase of public subscription. The third phase is the procedure for improving the application by evaluating and reviewing the developed standard. The fourth phase is the determination of the standard s level; for example, a determination of whether the developed standard is suitable as a national standard, or as a group standard. Following this, the determined national standard will be presented as a national standard, and will improve the position of Korea s standard

27 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure Figure 6 Procedures of GIS Standard Development International standard Registration as the national standard No Yes Review of the national standard proposal appropriateness Standard (proposal) review Standard (proposal) development Exploration and public subscription 11 27

28 3) National Geographic Information Clearinghouse (1) Background As the NGIS Project has been actively executed from 1995, multiple public institutions, including the central government, local governments and government-invested institutions, have implemented the spatial data required for the project. However, as there is no amicable information exchange among the institutions that implement the spatial data, data are repeatedly implemented, or implemented data is not commonly utilized. That is, problems of inefficiency occur. In order to solve such problem and to search & utilize the spatial data without any restriction of time and space, anywhere and at any time, the NGIC project was launched. It has been conducted since 2000 by the MOCT, according to the second NGIS Master Plan. As the result, the NGIC, which can distribute the spatial data produced by nationwide public institutions online, has been established. (2) NGIC Construction The NGIC is composed of the NGIC center, the regional gateway, supplier and demander, as shown in <Figure 7>. Each component is explained in the following. The NGIC center is the core institution to synthetically manage the spatial data implemented by the NGIS Project and various GIS projects. The regional gateway is the institution that sells or distributes the spatial data and metadata produced by the region. The supplier is the institution which entrusts and sells the implemented and owned spatial data to the NGIC center or the regional gateway. Finally, the demander is the individual, enterprise, research center or institution that purchases the spatial data and uses it according to its own purpose. The demander researches the spatial data by accessing the NGIC center, and the center informs the demander of the metadata research result of the regional gateway. The demander can confirm the spatial data through the preview function, and then can download the data

29 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure Figure 7 Components of the NGIC Distribution Gateway Access Center of National Geographic Information Clearinghouse Internet Geographic Information Download Electronic Payment Geographic Information User Geographic Information Search Distribution Status Information Sale Price Payment Geographic Information Supplier Korea Financial Telecommunications & Clearings Institute Payment Geographic Information Regional Gateway Geographic Information Sale on Commission The NGIC is currently operated by the NGIS Division of the MOCT. Regional gateways are operated by 9 institutions, as shown in <Figure 8>. Figure 8 Regional Gateways by Region Seoul Regional Gateway Gyeonggi Regional Gateway Distribution Center (MOCT) Gangwon Regional Gateway (Chuncheon) National Geographic Information Institute Regional Gateway Chungcheong Regional Gateway (Daejeon) Honam Regional Gateway (Gwangju) Jeju Regional Gateway Gyeongbuk Regional Gateway (Daegu) Gyeongnam Regional Gateway (Busan) 11 29

30 The NGIC provides the spatial data owned by the central ministries, local governments and public institutions to the demander. The system configuration of the NGIC is described in <Figure 9>, and it provides the function of distributing the file-based data and the feature-based spatial data. It is connected to the PG (Payment Gateway) service of Korea Financial Telecommunications & Clearing Institute, to enable electronic payment for the sale of data. The NGIC center plays the role of an NGIC gateway, and manages the regional gateway and the distribution record information. Each regional gateway operates its own independent system, which distributes the spatial data of the corresponding region. Figure 9 Configuration Diagram of the NGIC Customer Supplier management tool Decoding & Download module Map Browser Payment Gateway module Web Browser File-based distribution Center of NGIC (MOCT) Management tool Metadata registration management Regional Gateway homepage RDBMS Metadata information (File-based) Regional Gateway homepage Payment Gateway module Coding module Regional Gateway list Member information Distribution history Distribution Gateway File+spatial DB-based distribution KFTC Metadata registration management Regional Gateway homepage Data re-announcement Payment Gateway RDBMS Metadata information (File-based) Spatial DBMS Geographic information (Layer-based spatial data) Regional Gateway management tool Payment module Coding/Compression module Customer access Supplier access Payment route Internal route KFTC: Korea Financial Telecommunications and Clearings Institute 12 30

31 2. Present Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure The NGIC provides about 150 kinds of diversified spatial data, including digital topographic map, a detailed soil map, a green naturality map, and a land cover map, as shown in <Figure 10>. As of October 2007, about 760,000 spatial data elements have been provided through the NGIC. Figure 10 Example of Spatial Data Provided by the NGIC Digital Topographic Map Detailed Soil Map Green Naturality Map Land Cover Map Road Network Map Framework Data In order to use the spatial data and the related service through the NGIC, the user must access As costs have been collected in the past through the sale of spatial data, there is more charged data available than free data. Users can search for spatial data using index map search, string search, or map number search methods. After the user finds the required data, the user can make an online payment and then download the data. Data that has been designated as Free can be downloaded from the main page, without search procedures or payment. The user can preview the data in advance, and can also inquire regarding the history of data through the provided metadata