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1 DataManagementforMobileComputing ComputerScienceDepartment, EvaggeliaPitoura UniversityofIoannina, Ioannina,Greece SummerSchool,Jyvaskyla,August1998 &
2 Introduction -mobileornomadiccomputing -wireless -ubiquitous -personal Architecture Wireless radio cell Mobile Mobile Fixed Base Station Fixed Mobile 1 Mbps Base Station Fixed Fixed Network Mbps to Gbps Fixed Base Station 9 Kbps Mobile Wireless radio cell Wireless LAN cell & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 1
3 Key:Mobility,WirelessCommunications,Portability [7,2,4,1] Mobility Thelocationofmobileelementsandthereforetheirpointof Theconsequencesofmobilityarenumerous. attachmenttothexednetworkchangeastheymove. Thecongurationofasystemthatincludesmobileelementsis notstatic.thus, 2.Thecenterofactivity,thesystemload,andlocalitychange 1.Indesigningdistributedalgorithms,wecannomorerely onaxedtopology. Locationmanagement dynamically. 2.Ecientdatastructures,algorithms,andqueryexecution 1.Thesearchcosttolocatemobileelementsisaddedtothe plansmustbedevisedforrepresenting,managing,and costofeachcommunicationinvolvingthem. queryingthelocationofmobileelements,whichisaafast changingdata. & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 2
4 Mobility(continued) Heterogeneity 1.Connectivitybecomeshighlyvariantinperformanceand reliability.forinstance,outdoors,amobileclientmayhave torelyonlowbandwidthnetworks,whileinsideabuilding itmaybeoeredreliablehigh-bandwidthconnectivityor evenoperateconnectedviawirelineconnections. 2.Thenumberofdevicesinanetworkcellchangeswith Moreover,theremaybeareaswithnoadequatecoverage resultingindisconnectionsofvariousdurations. 3.Theremaybealsovariabilityintheprovisionofspecic time,andsodoboththeloadatthebasestationand bandwidthavailability. 4.Theresourcesavailabletoamobileelementvary,for services,suchasinthetypeofavailableprintersor weatherreports. example,adockedcomputerhasmorememoryoris equippedwithalargerscreen. issues. Mobilityalsoraisesveryimportantsecurityandauthentication & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 3
5 WirelessMedium Wirelessnetworksaremoreexpensive,oerlessbandwidth, (WeakandIntermittentConnectivity) Wirelesscommunicationsfacemanyobstaclesbecausethe andarelessreliablethanwirelinenetworks. Thus,whilethegrowthinwirednetworkbandwidthhasbeen surroundingenvironmentinteractswiththesignal. tremendous(incurrenttechnologyethernetprovides10mbps, FDDI100MbpsandATM155Mbps),productsforwireless communicationachieveonly19kbpsforpacketradio communications,and9-14kbpsforcellulartelephony.the Mbpsanditisexpectedtoincreaseto10Mbps[5]. typicalbandwidthofwirelesslansrangesfrom250kbpsto2 Sincethebandwidthisdividedamongtheuserssharingacell, thedeliverablebandwidthperuserisevenlower. Forradiotransmissiontheerrorrateissohighthattheeective bandwidthislimitedtolessthan10kbps[6]. Furthermore,datatransmissionovertheairiscurrently Thus,bandwidthisascarceresource. Mobileelementsmayvoluntaryoperatedisconnected. monetarilyexpensive[3]. & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 4
6 WirelessMedium(continued) {(VariantConnectivity) Wirelesstechnologiesvaryonthedegreeofbandwidthand reliabilitytheyprovide. Thereisahighbandwidthbroadcastchannelfromthebase {(BroadcastFacility) stationtoallmobileclientsinitscell. {(Tarrifs) chargedperconnection-time,whileforothers(e.g.,inpacket radio),itischargedpermessage(packet). Forsomenetworks(e.g.,incellulartelephones),networkaccessis & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 5
7 PortabilityofMobileElements elements. {Mobileelementsareresourcepoorwhencomparedtostatic Mobileelementsmustbelightandsmalltobeeasilycarried around.suchconsiderations,inconjunctionwithagivencostand resourcesthanstaticelements,includingmemory,screensizeand leveloftechnology,willkeepmobileelementshavingless diskcapacity. Thisresultsinanasymmetrybetweenstaticandmobileelements. Evenwithadvancesinbatterytechnology,thisconcernwillnot {Mobileelementsrelyonbattery. ceasetoexist. Concernforpowerconsumptionmustspanvariouslevelsin Mobileelementsareeasiertobeaccidentallydamaged,stolen, hardwareandsoftwaredesign. orlost. Thus,theyarelesssecureandreliablethanstaticelements. & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 6
8 Summary Characteristics of wireless communications Frequent disconnections Predictable disconnections Physical support for broadcast Asymmetry Monetarily expensive Relatively unreliable High bandwidth variability Low bandwidth NetworkDisconnections predictableorsudden. voluntaryorforced shortdisconnectionsandlong Disconnectedoperation Characteristics of mobile elements Limited resources: Limited memory Limited computational power Small screen Limited battery life Relatively unreliable Variability in resources Frequent location updates & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 7
9 Satya'svisionofahypotheticaltripintheyear2000[8]: AnExample Imagineyouaresittingatyouroceworkingonareport storedinasharedlesystem.soon,itistimetoleave.you useyourmachinetocallforataxi.youcontinueworkingas necessarylesareprefetchedinyournotebook.whenthetaxi arrives,youpickupyournotebookandleave. Ontheridetotheairport,youcontinueworking.Your notebookrecognizesthatitisnolongeronalan,but transparenttoyou.younishediting,savethele,andsend continuescommunicatingviaacellularmodem.thereare toyourcoauthor.attheairport,whilewaitingfor somegapsincommunication,buttheyremaincompletely boarding,youuseyournotebookforweb-browsing.whileon yournotebookdiscoversthattelephonechargesareveryhigh. board,youstartworkingonyourslides.althougheachseatis equippedwithanoutletforair-to-groundtelephoneservice, deferallcommunication.yourrequestsforsomeoldgures Thus,itwiselydecidestoletyouoperatedisconnectedand Whenyouarriveatyourhotelroom,yournotebookdiscovers arealsopostponedforlaterservice. fetchesnewversionsofthelesyouhadcached,andpicksup thatthehotel'slate-nighttelephonechargesarelow.it yourmailandtheguresyouhaverequested. thereforepropagatesthechangesyouhavemadesofar, & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 8
10 Nextmorning,youpresentyourtalk.Yournotebooksenses AnExample(continued) anewpieceofuser-interfacesoftware,yourareabletogivea thepresenceofalargewall-sizeddisplayandshowsyour slidesonitthroughaninfraredlink.sinceyourtalkisabout Nextday,youdecidetodosomesightseeingandrentacar. livedemoofitusingyournotebook. Thecarisprovidedwithanavigatinginteractivescreenmap thatyouusetotourthecity.themapisintelligentenough toavoidtracjamsbylisteningtoperiodicallybroadcasted avideodescribingthefeaturesofthesiteisseenandthe thatdownloadsaguidedtourofthesite.asyouwalkaround, tracinformation.whenyouarrive,yougrabyournotebook yourtravelitineraryfromyournotebookandarrangesfor purchaseat-shirtatthegiftshop.thestoreclerkobtains accompanyingcommentaryisheard.beforeleaving,you yourdutyfreepurchasetobedeliveredtothecorrectgate. metro,youuseyournotebooktowatchcnn.fromtimeto Nextmorningyoutakethemetrototheairport.Onthe blackandwhite.whenyouarriveattheairport,youpickup displayedimagedegeneratesfromfull-motiontoslow-scan time,asthetraingoesthroughregionsofpoorreception,the yourgiftatthegate.duringtheightyoucanrelax:your notebookhasbeenrecordingyourpurchasesandisnow automaticallypreparinganexpensereporttobetransmitted toyoursecretaryforreimbursement. & E.Pitoura-SummerSchoolonMobileComputing,Jyvaskyla,1998 9
11 References [1]R.AlonsoandH.F.Korth.DatabaseSysteminNomadicComputing.InProceedingsofthe1993 [2]G.H.FormanandJ.Zahorjan.TheChallengesofMobileComputing.IEEEComputer,27(6):38{47,April SIGMODConference,Washington,D.C.,May1993. [4]T.ImielinksiandB.R.Badrinath.WirelessMobileComputing:ChallengesinDataManagement. [3]D.Hayden.TheNewAgeofWireless.MobileOce,May [5]C.J.Mathias.NewLANGearSnapsUnseenDesktopChains.DataCommunications,23(5):75{80,March CommunicationsoftheACM,37(10),October1994. [7]M.Satyanarayanan.FundamentalChallengesinMobileComputing.InProceedingsofthe15thACM [6]K.Miller.CellularEssentialsforWirelessDataTransmission.DataCommunications,23(5):61{67,March [8]M.Satyanarayanan.MobileInformationAccess.IEEEPersonalCommunications,3(1),February1996. SymposiumonPrinciplesofDistributedComputing,Philadelphia,PA,May1996.
University of Cyprus
University of Cyprus Computer Science Department Data Management for Mobile Computing Introduction 1 Introduction = Mobile or nomadic computing = Wireless = Ubiquitous = Personal Architecture 2 Key Issues:
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