Application of monitoring tools in TBL management A case study from Cambodia

Transcription

1 Application of monitoring tools in TBL management A case study from Cambodia Ross Sinclair Cambodia Country Program Director Wildlife Conservation Society

2 WCS in the Greater Mekong Subregion 3 major landscapes No major landscape based work. Wildlife trade control 2 major landscapes 2 major landscapes 3 major landscapes major WCS landscapes

3 Conservation planning measuring success The conceptual modeling approach Monitoring habitat, biodiversity & livelihoods Monitoring threats Monitoring threats Monitoring activities

4 Concept of monitoring Impacts e.g. Wildlife populations Level of confidence Interventions Direct Threats Indirect Costs of measuring change Outputs, e.g. N o. patrols Conservation Target Outcomes e.g. Poaching levels Time to see an impact

5 WCS TBLs in Cambodia Northern Plains Dry Forest Eastern Plains Dry Forest Tonle Sap Inundation Zone

6 Eastern Plains TBL / Seima Protection Forest Eastern Plains TBL several PAs, Min. Environment, Forestry Administration BCI pilot site, BBC site, collaborate WWF & others (eg. BCC CAMPAS; ADB GEF) Primarily evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous forest Seima -globally & regionally important population of several species

7 Monitoring CEP-BCI Monitoring framework Driver indicators Pressure indicators Biodiversity and ecosystem services indicators The conceptual model TBL Monitoring Indicators Landscape-scale integrity of ecosystems & habitats Biodiversity terrestrial ecosystems Ecosystem services carbon Livelihoods forest resources Monitoring habitat, biodiversity & livelihoods Monitoring threats Monitoring activities

8 Monitoring biodiversity Seima Protection Forest Extensive systematic line transect system Monitor 10 key species DISTANCE sampling methods Highly trained teams km every dry season Other monitoring methods used: DNA sampling (elephants) Camera traps (multiple sp) Census counts (waterbirds)

9 Monitoring biodiversity Seima Protection Forest Key indicator for project success Provides warning of population collapses Provides regular data on changing distributions Increases capacity Cambodian conservationists Significant enforcement role: - teams go to areas where patrols rarely go - regular visual presence across whole forest Red muntjac Yellow-cheeked crested gibbon

10 Monitoring habitat Key indicator for project success Forest cover, land-use change, encroachment, fire Analysis every 16 days (Landsat) Only changes reported to field teams Seima Protection Forest Direct observations Enforcement team Research team Community Team LANDSAT up to 8 Remote Sensing MODIS - FIRMS Land clearance Fire

11 Monitoring livelihoods WCS, partner NGOs, national and international researchers: Regular systematic monitoring human populations Quantitative household livelihood surveys Land-use change & compliance to Indigenous Communal Land Titles Human-wildlife conflict

12 Monitoring livelihoods Key indicator for project success Impact of interventions (e.g. ecotourism, agriculture improvement projects, land titling, REDD+) Warning of threats (eg. in migration, land-use change, agricultural expansion) Basic Needs Survey for household economic wellbeing Household economic well-being has improved

13 Monitoring activities and threats Proactive law enforcement across all landscapes Strategic planning and deployment based on: SMART data, remote sensing, informant networks, & local communities Government-led patrols with WCS technical advice Regular intensive training courses (Government & WCS specialists)

14 Monitoring with SMART SMART (Spatial Monitoring & Reporting Tool) Tool measuring, evaluating & improving effectiveness: - enforcement patrols - site-based conservation activities PA level improving quality enforcement & conservation activities National level - promoting accountability & good governance National level - measuring effectiveness & progress to national targets International level - standardized reporting of global indicators

15 Monitoring with SMART SMART Intelligence-led tool for multiple levels GIS capabilities in-built to track patrol coverage Information on how well patrols are performing Flexibility recording & reporting observations Available in local languages Powerful analytical engine across multiple sites

16 Monitoring with SMART SMART Open source, non-proprietary & free Accessible and easy-to-use by front-line agencies Get information to the right people fast User-driven Provide innovation and benefits over existing tools

17 SMART at multiple levels National-level SMART database National agency Improved decisions & resource allocation PA-level SMART database PA PA Improved planning & ranger deployment Patrol data Post Post Post Post Improved patrol coordination & motivation

18 The SMART Partnership Members Supporters Donors

19 SMART globally

20 Lessons Learned Monitoring embedded in management framework (e.g. adaptive management / conceptual models) Must generate info useful management Long-term commitment - highly trained well supported teams Use new tools and datasets (e.g. Landsat 8, DISTANCE, SMART) Near real-time land-use monitoring enables quick responses SMART flexible and powerful tool at multiple scales

21 Implications for TBL monitoring Line transect monitoring too expensive, technical for widespread application BUT useful ground proofing broader-scale or less rigorous monitoring Remote sensing widely applicable, free data, inexpensive, SMART useful tool for landscape, national & international indicators

22 Future directions Expand use SMART Expand roll-our of SMART more places & national database Monitoring threats, wildlife health, etc. Tactical Operational tool Where poaching HAS occurred Where poach IS occurring Enhanced land-use planning Link land-use planning & zonation to habitat monitoring (remote sensing)

23 Acknowledgements This report: Matt Nuttal, Tom Evans, Kez Hobson Biodiversity: Seima Protected Forest - Nut Menghor, Sot Vandoen, Orn Samart, Sorn Chanthoeun, Phok Sopanah, Vorn Vuth, Toeu Bann, Hannah O Kelly, Matt Nuttall Tonle Sap Floodplain - Sun Visal, Son Virak, Nghin Kamsan, Simon Mahood Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary & Preah Vihear Protected Forest - Rous Vann, Thong Sokha, Tan Sophoan Habitat: Seima Protected Forest - Ung Vises, Phien Sayon, Pou Chandy Tonle Sap Floodplain - Nay Sonsak, Phien Sayon, Pou Chandy Kulen Promtep WS & Preah Vihear PF - Sok Raksa, Phien Sayon, Pou Chandy Law enforcement and threats: Seima Protected Forest - Chantha Yuthea, Kong Puthyra, Pou Chandy, Chea Chhen, So Sina, Ngeth Chouk, Em Tray, Daniel Morawska, Tony Lynam, Chris Pieters, Hannah O Kelly Tonle Sap Floodplain - Prach Pichphirun, Nghn Sam Ath, Sok Rithy, Tan Sang Na, Chum Sopheap, Houn Voeun, Meam Sito, Sok Bunthoeun Kulen Promtep WS & Preah Vihear PF Ed Sokha, Tan Setha, Tony Lynan, Ashish John