Methods for Multi-Level Urban Governance

Transcription

1 Methods for Multi-Level Urban Governance - thoughts on the past and proposals for the future Liège, Dec 02, 2010 Prof. Dr. Simon Güntner Hamburg University of Applied Sciences

2 From Lille via Rotterdam, Bristol, Leipzig, Marseille, Toledo to where next? Picture Source: ASS-Loerrach.de

3 Status quo I National programmes for integrated urban development (selected) Member State Belgium Programme/Policy Politique des Grandes Villes (Big Cities Policy), launch of «sustainable city» contracts in 2009 Duration ? Germany Soziale Stadt (Socially Integrative City) ? (massive cuts in 2011) Denmark France Netherlands Sweden Kvarterloft Regeringens strategi mod ghettoisering Politique de la ville (City Policy) Espoir banlieues (Suburban Hope plan) Grote Steden Beleid GSB (Big Cities Policy) Storstadspolitiken (Metropolitan Development Initiative until 2003, continued on basis of Local Development agreements until 2010) ? GSB I-III: ; Decentralisation of GSB IV UK New Deal for Communities Hungary No explicit urban policy, but Integrated Urban Development Strategy for ERDF support Sources: Franke 2007, EUROCITIES 2010, EUKN 2010, official Government websites

4 Status quo II EU urban policy instruments (simplified; ERDF focus) Financial instruments Urban Pilot Projects Communitiy Initiative URBAN CI URBAN II Urban Dimension of ERDF URBACT URBACT II Policy Initiatives of the European Commission Europe 2000 Carrefour des Villes Urban Agenda Territorial Cohesion Intergovernmental Policy Coordination Rotterdam Conclusions Bristol Accord Leipzig Charta Marseille RF Toledo Declaration Context/wider frameworks EU Internal Market EEA/Cohesion Policy Maastricht Treaty Lisbon Strategy Lisbon Treaty Enlargement EU

5 A brief detour into theory

6 Modes of Governance order/command competition/exchange networks/negotiation democracy/participation

7 Drivers of organisational change mimetic processes coercion normative pressures Picture sources: cultstyles.com; dendrobates.org; istockphoto.com

8 and to EU governance

9 EU Multi-Level Governance a city perspective (simplified) Hard Law (Community Method) Financial Instruments Soft Law European Commission Commission Services (DGs) European Parliament Committees, (Inter)Groups European Council Interreg Project networks URBACT PROGRESS Lobbying organisations EUROCITIES CEMR Committee of the Regions National Local/Regional Government Associations Member States Cities

10 The Open Method of Coordination Objectives Indicators National reports Thematic Peer Reviews Projects Joint report EC / MS Common analysis and evaluation (EC/MS) Partnerships/ Networks Studies Thematic focus joint report Indicator development

11 Characteristics of the (social) OMC clear process and infrastructure for exchange consensus amongst peers Comparison and systematic learning naïve concept of learning Paper pushing closed shop, intergovernmental rather than multi-level local level not involved Detached from EU Structural Funds What is the objective? Does it deliver? Is it appropriate for urban policy?

12 and now finally back to EU urban policy

13 The Urban Alliance - an OMC+? (a very simplified categorisation) OMC elements Social OMC urban policy coordination Dimension of change Coordination SPC UDG Targets Common Objectives Leipzig, Toledo cognitive/normative Indicators Laeken Indicators / cognitive/normative Structured reporting National Strategic Reports Joint Reports / cognitive/normative Mutual Learning Peer Reviews, Studies? cognitive Additional soft elements Reference Framework Stakeholder involvement Community Method (hard law) Directives, Recommendations Financial elements / RFSC cognitive/normative Only indirect (PROGRESS; future: EPAP) Informal codecision on Active Inclusion Potentially strong (URBACT?) / regulative/normative Structural Funds Only Weak links (to some extent URBACT) regulative/normative other PROGRESS?

14 Perspectives for MLUG in EU 2020 and Cohesion Report Overall Objectives: Intelligent, sustainable, inclusive growth Architecture: thematic approach, National Reform Programmes, integrated guidelines 5 Headline Targets 75 % of the population aged should be employed 3% of the EU's GDP should be invested in R&D (innovation). 20/20/20 climate/energy targets Early school leavers / Tertiary education Promoting social inclusion, in particular through the reduction of poverty 7 Flagship Initiatives (a.o. European Platform Against Poverty) no explicit territorial/urban dimension, but 5 th Cohesion Report: call for territorial dimension and an urban agenda

15 ideas for the way forward + + Just relying on coordination/exchange might be too weak for showing impact Analyse fatigue amongst some MS Organise learning around Reference Framework incentives and support for participation (limited stakeholder capacity) New stimulus through EC initiative necessary Do not just go back to 1990s recipe (consolidation and innovation) Look out of the box (1993 effect!) don t give up the citizens will appreciate it!

16 Thank you for your attention! contact: