AR 500 Public Archaeology in the United States Spring 2016 Syllabus

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5 AR 500 Public Archaeology in the United States Spring 2016 Syllabus Prof. Ricardo J. Elia Monday 1 4 pm Ofice: Stone 345D Class: Stone 243 Office Hours: TBD Course Description: Introduction to the practice of public archaeology in the United States: historical and legal background; federal, state, and local programs; archaeology and Native Americans; contract archaeology; survey, evaluation, and mitigation projects; professional employment in U.S. cultural resource management. Course Goals: 1. Analyze and evaluate the historical and legal contexts for cultural resources archaeology in the United States. 2. Appraise the nature, strengths, and weaknesses of U.S. cultural resource management at the federal, state, and local levels; among Native American tribes; and on private lands. 3. Evaluate the business of cultural resources archaeology. 4. Understand archaeological proposals, budgets, and research plans for cultural resource archaeology projects. 5. Understand the elements of, and evaluate the quality of, Phase I, II, and III CRM archaeological reports. 6. Assess the status and prospects of professional careers in cultural resources archaeology. Prerequisites: Graduate status or Archaeology major/minor with Junior standing or consent of instructor. Texts: Stipe, Robert E., A Richer Heritage: Historic Preservation in the Twenty-First Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press (2003). Murtagh, William J., Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America. 3rd edition. Hoboken, NH: John Wiley & Sons (2006).

6 King, Thomas F., Cultural Resource Laws & Practice. 4th edition. New York: AltaMira Press (2013). Neumann, Thomas W., Robert M. Sanford, Cultural Resources Archaeology: An Introduction. 2nd edition. New York: AltaMira Press (2010). Sebastian, Lynne and William D. Lipe, eds., Archaeology & Cultural Resource Management: Visions for the Future. Santa Fe: SAR Press (2009). Watkins, Joe, Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice. New York: Altamira (2000). Assessment: Grading will be based on class oral presentations (30%), class preparation and discussion (20%), a research paper (25%) and a final exam (25%). Oral Presentations: You will regularly prepare and present illustrated (e.g., with PowerPoint or Keynote) presentations in class on topics assigned by the professor, followed by a discussion led by the student. The topics will be designed to give students an opportunity to gain intensive and practical familiarity with important aspects of CRM archaeology (e.g., state and tribal preservation programs; National Register guidelines for specific historic resource types; and Phase I, II, and III CRM reports). Plan on a total of 30 minutes each. Research Paper: The research paper must be on an approved topic related to the class; in order to have your topic approved you must come and discuss your paper with me. It should be at least 15 pages long (counting text only, excluding front and back matter, illustrations, etc.). Deadlines and values for the various milestones associated with the paper are listed below; assignments are due in class on April 25 and those handed in late will be reduced in grade. Assignment Due Value Approved topic, 1-page prospectus Feb pts. Bibliography Feb pts. Complete first draft Apr pts. Final paper Apr pts. Final Exam: The final exam will assess your understanding of the course content, including the history and development of CRM legislation and policies; the practice of public archaeology in the United States at local, state, federal, and tribal levels; and contemporary challenges in public archaeology (e.g., repatriation of indigenous remains; cultural policy; and professional practice). Academic Conduct Code: Students are expected to understand and adhere to Boston University's Academic Conduct Code; suspected violations of the Code by students in class will be handled in accordance with their procedures for academic misconduct. Please review the code and procedures at: 2

7 AR500 Public Archaeology in the United States Spring 2016 Class Topics and Readings 1. Introduction: Cultural Resources Archaeology in the United States (Jan. 25) Introduction to the course; archaeology and cultural resource management as pubic trust and public interest; historical survey of the development of American preservation and legislation; the landscape of public archaeology and CRM. A Richer Heritage, chap. 1 (Stipe, "Some Preservation Fundamentals"). A Richer Heritage, chap. 2 (Fowler, "The Federal Preservation Program"). Murtagh, Keeping Time, chaps King, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice, chap. 1. Neumann, Sanford, and Harry, Cultural Resources Archaeology, chap Origins and Foundational Documents (Feb. 1) The Antiquities Act of 1906 and its relationship to the environmental conservation movement. Creation of the National Park Service, Preservation becomes national policy: the Historic Sites Act of Seminal texts: With Heritage So Rich (1966); Lipe's "Conservation Model" (1974); The Airlie House Report (1977). Readings (**denotes useful sources for reference and perusal) **FedCenter.gov Cultural Resources website: A listing of links to cultural resource laws, policies, databases, directories, etc. Check here for texts of federal laws pertaining to cultural resources: **Office of the Law Revision Counsel website: online United States Code: uscode.house.gov **U.S. Government Printing Office website, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: ecfr.gov Text of Antiquities Act of Text of Historic Sites Act of

8 William D. Lipe, A Conservation Model for American Archaeology, The Kiva 39, no. 1 2 (1974): Archaeology & Cultural Resources Management, chap. 1 (Sebastian, "The Future of CRM Archaeology"), chap. 2 (Davis, "Archaeologists Looked to the Future of the Past"), chap. 3 (Lipe, "Archaeological Values and Resource Management"). A Richer Heritage, chap. 8 (Sprinkle, Jr, "Uncertain Destiny: The Changing Role of Archaeology in Historic Preservtion"). 3. ARPA and the Federal Archaeology Program (Feb. 8) History and background of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act; its provisions and regulations; organization of preservation at the federal level; role of the National Park Service and other federal agencies. Text of Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, as amended. A Richer Heritage, Introduction (Lea, "America's Preservation Ethos"). A Richer Heritage, chap. 2 (Fowler, "The Federal Preservation Program") (review). King, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice, chap. 5 (historic preservation); (ARPA). Cheryl Ann Munson, Marjorie Melvin Jones, and Robert E. Fry, the GE Mound: An ARPA Case Study, American Antiquity 60, 1 (1995): Federal Impact Assessments: NEPA and NHPA (Feb. 16, Tuesday class) The National Environmental Policy Act and the National Historic Preservation Act; the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation; SHPOs and THPOs; the National Register of Historic Places; the Section 106 process. Text of National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended Text of National Environmental Policy Act of Advisory Council on Historic Preservation website: Peruse **websitem especially Working with Section 106 at review ** Section 106 Regulations (PDF) incorporating changes as of Aug. 4, 2004 at same site. 4

9 Neumann, Sanford, and Harry, Cultural Resources Archaeology, chap. 2. King, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice, chap. 2 (NEPA), chap. 4 (NHPA). 5. The National Register of Historic Places (Feb. 22) Nominating properties to the National Register; criteria of significance; NR thematic guidance. ** National Register of Historic Places website: King, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice, chap. 3. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (1990, revised for internet, 1995). Available at: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin 16A: How to Complete the National Register Registration Form (1991). Available at: 6. State and Local Programs (Feb. 29) The State Historic Preservation Offices; state statutes, regulations, policies pertaining to archaeological resources; the SHPO as reviewing agency; city, municipal, and local archaeology programs; the Boston City Archaeology program; protecting sites on private lands. ** National Conference of State Historic Preservation Offices website: A Richer Heritage, chap. 3 (Lyon and Brook, "The States: The Backbone of Preservation"). A Richer Heritage, chap. 4 (Cofresi and Radtke, "Local Government Programs: Preservation Where it Counts." 7. Native Americans and CRM (Mar. 14) Challenge and controversy in Native American archaeology; federally recognized and nonrecognized tribes; tribal historic preservation programs. 5

10 ** National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Offices: NATHPO, "Tribal Consultation: Best Practices in Historic Preservation" (2005), pdf. A Richer Heritage, chap. 13 ("Native Americans and Historic Preservation"). Archaeology & Cultural Resources Management, chap. 8 (Ferguson, "Improving the Quality of Archaeology in the United States through Consultation and Collaboration with Native Americans and Descendant Communities"). J. Watkins, Indigenous Archaeology, chaps. 1 6, chap NAGPRA and the Repatriation of Indigenous Remains. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 changed the landscape of American archaeology and preservation. What does NAGPRA (and the National Museum of the American Indian Act) require of museums, universities, federal institutions, Indian tribes, and the National NAGPRA office? How has the repatriation process changed since 1990? **National NAGPRA website: **Text of Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990: **Text of National Museum of the American Indian Act of 1989, as amended in 1996: **NAGPRA Regulations: Buikstra, Jane E Repatriation and Bioarchaeology: Challenges and Opportunities. In Bioarchaeology: The Contextual Analysis of Human Remains. Jane E. Buikstra and Lane A. Beck, eds. Pp Academic Press: Amsterdam. Hemenway, Eric 2010 Trials and Tribulations in a Tribal NAGPRA Program. Museum Anthropology 33(2): King, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice,

11 Watkins, Indigenous Archaeology, chaps. 7, Boston's City Archaeology Program (Mar. 28) We visit the City Archaeology Lab in West Roxbury, tour their facility, and talk about local archaeology and preservation with the Boston City Archaeologist, Joe Bagley. Reading: Explore the website of the Boston City Archaeology Program: The Business of Archaeology (April 4) Cultural resource archaeologists in the public and private sectors; CRM requests-for-proposal, proposals, budgets, and contracts. Guest: Mandy Ranslow, staff archaeologist at the Connecticut Department of transportation. King, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice, chap. 9. American Cultural Resources Association website, Phase I Identification and Phase II Evaluation Surveys (April 11) How archaeologists locate archaeological resources; historic contexts; frameworks for classification and evaluation; Phase I archaeological survey methods; research designs and Phase I proposals. Evaluating sites once they are found: research designs for Phase II archaeological surveys; the question of significance; taking the raw data of the Phase II archaeological survey and deciding if the site is significant in a CRM context. **U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Secretary of the Interior s Standards for Preservation Planning, available at (click on Preservation Planning). **U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Identification," available at (click on Identification). 7

12 **U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Evaluation," available at (click on Evaluation). **U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin 15: how to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (1991). King, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice, (review); Neumann, Sanford, and Harry, Cultural Resources Archaeology, chaps. 2, 3, 5. Archaeology & Cultural Resources Management, chap. 5 (Sebastian, "Deciding What Matters: Archaeology, Eligibility, and Significance"). 12. Phase III Mitigation/Data Recovery (Apr. 20, Wednesday class) Avoiding adverse impacts to significant sites; excavating and analyzing significant sites; realizing a site's potential through data recovery. **Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, "Recommended Approach for Consultation on Recovery of Significant Information from Archeological Sites" (1999). Available at **U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Registration," available at (click on Registration). **U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Archeological Properties (2000). Available at Neumann, Sanford, and Harry, Cultural Resources Archaeology, chaps. 6, 7. King, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice, (review), Archaeology & Cultural Resources Management, chap. 6 (Chandler, "Innovative Approaches to Mitigation"). 8

13 13. CRM Archaeolgy: Future Prospects (Apr. 25) Summation of the course; discussion about careers and prospects in cultural resource archaeology. A Richer Heritage, chap. 15 (Stipe, "Where do we go from Here?"). Archaeology & Cultural Resources Management, chap. 9 (Mackey, Jr., "Is the Same Old Thing Enough for Twenty-first Century CRM?"). Archaeology & Cultural Resources Management, chap. 10 (Bridges, "Archaeology and Ethics: Is There a Shared Vision for the Future?"). Archaeology & Cultural Resources Management, chap. 11 (Crass, "The Crisis in Communication: Still with Us?"). 9