Design and Implementation of a Retrofit Solar-Assisted HVAC System for Residential Applications
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1 Design and Implementation of a Retrofit Solar-Assisted HVAC System for Residential Applications Prof Paul Cooper Director, Sustainable Buildings Research Centre University of Wollongong
2 Summary Overview of Solar Decathlon Competition The Journey to Datong The Team UOW Illawarra Flame House Photovoltaic Thermal System and Phase Change Energy Storage systems Solar Assisted HVAC System Design Modelling Initial results
3 THE SOLAR DECATHLON A competition for University students to design, build and operate sustainable, net-zero energy, attractive and affordable homes. Objective: accelerate the development and adoption of advanced building technologies. Since 2002: 8 competitions 5 in US 2 in Europe 1 in China Total of 164 teams SOLAR DECATHLON 2009 WASHINGTON MALL
4 THE SOLAR DECATHLON CHINA 2013 COMPETITION US Department of Energy and Chinese National Energy Administration held the first SD China in Team UOW was a collaboration between UOW and TAFE NSW Illawarra Institute. Team UOW the first ever team from Australia to win entry to a Solar Decathlon. 270,000 people attended the competition site. SOLAR DECATHLON CHINA 2013 DATONG 35,000 people were toured through the Illawarra Flame House throughout the competition week one every 8 seconds!
5 SUB-COMPETITIONS
6 TRANSFORMING OUR HOUSES...
7 The Base Plan
8 INTO SUSTAINABLE HOMES
9 ILLAWARRA FLAME HOUSE FEATURES State of the art photovoltaic panels Greywater treatment system Natural ventilation and automated high level windows Innovative HVAC system featuring Photovoltaic-Thermal solar system and Phase Change Material (PCM) Thermal Store Innovative Building Management System ILLAWARRA FLAME HOUSE IN DATONG 2013
10 PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL SYSTEM Daytime generation Night time radiant cooling
11 PVT AND PCM PVT ROOF ILLAWARRA FLAME HOUSE DATONG 2013 BLUESCOPE LYSAGHT TRIMDEK
12 PVT AND PCM For optimization it was necessary to develop: Thermal Model Mechanical Model (Fan Consumption) Electrical Model (electrical generation efficiency is a function of PV temperature) THERMAL NETWORK MODEL
13 PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL THERMAL STORE There is generally a significant offset between the thermal generation and the house demand Thermal energy storage has been included in the design, through the latent heat of Phase Change Material (PCM). Melting temperature has been identified at 22 C UA value [W/K] The PCM store acts as a heat exchanger PLUS ICE PCM BRICKS Airflow rate [L/s]
14 SOLAR ASSISTED HVAC SYSTEM
15 ILLAWARRA FLAME HOUSE 4X First build at TAFE Dress rehearsal at UOW Innovation Campus Under (Re)Construction Final build at SBRC 3 rd build at competition site
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17 Construction in China
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23 PVT AND PCM INITIAL RESULTS ELECTRICAL MODEL VALIDATION PV Generation, Model, South side PV Generation, Model, North side PV Generation, Model, Total PV Generation, Measured 2500 Power [W] Time [min]
24 PVT AND PCM THERMAL MODEL VALIDATION Temperature [ C] Radiation [W/m 2 ] - Airflow rate [L/s] Time [mins] 0 Tambient [degc] Tpvt_Model [degc] Tpvt_Measured [degc] Ghr [W/m2] Vflow [L/s]
25 SOLAR ASSISTED HVAC SYSTEM HVAC System Managed by a Residential type of control system. Customized logic and nonstandard use of devices to automate the system and control the subcomponents ILLAWARRA FLAME BMS
26 SOLAR ASSISTED HVAC SYSTEM 2 PCM Charging with PVT Optimization Example Heat Transfer, 750 W/m2 Electrical Power Consumption Increased Electrical Generation W/m2 650 W/m2 750 W/m2 850 W/m2 Power [kw] Cost Function [W] Airflow [L/s] Airflow [L/s] C = P tt + α( P e,geg P e,ccgc )
27 SOLAR ASSISTED HVAC SYSTEM Power [W] Energy stored [Wh] Time [h] Heating Load Charging Hmiss Discharge Charge
28 SOLAR ASSISTED HVAC SYSTEM Simulated Performance Results Winter July (Heating) Summer February (Cooling) Total demand, Thermal (kwh) Thermal Energy supplied through PV-T/PCM (kwh) Electrical Energy for Discharging (kwh) COP Discharging Thermal Energy Charged (kwh) Electrical Energy for Charging (kwh) COP Charging COP Overall
29 Team UOW Win! Overall winner of Solar Decathlon China 2013 Highest overall score in the history of Solar Decathlon Competitions (957.6/1000) Placed first in five out of the 10 competitions: Architecture Engineering Solar Application Hot Water Energy Balances Second by one point in: Communications Market Appeal >35,000 people toured through house (1 person every 8 seconds!) >270,000 members of the public attended competition site
30 Illawarra Flame and SBRC at UOW
31 Summary Team UOW first: Australian Team to win entry to a Solar Decathlon Team ever to demonstrate a retrofit of an existing building Place at SD China 2013, with highest ever overall score Air-based PVT system linked with PCM store and conventional heat pump. The Team UOW/BlueScope Solar Assisted HVAC system winner of the 2013 Denis Joseph competition. Illawarra Flame house now reconstructed and will be a long-term test bed for solar and HVAC technologies at the SBRC@UOW.
32 Acknowledgements Thank you to all Team UOW members, but especially for key members of the PVT/PCM/HVAC system team: Massimo Fiorentini Lloyd Niccol Michael Whitehouse Laia Ledo Rui Yan Eva Guo Dr Zhenjun Ma Vincent Tannahil All our sponsors, especially BlueScope Energy Matters Clipsal Schneider Electric Partnership Northrop
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