Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga, PhD. Beijing, September, Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga October 2014

Transcription

1 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga, PhD Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Beijing, September, 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 1

2 Summary Introduction Ecuadorian Natural Regions The CLQCA (Catholic University Yeast Collection) Basic and Applied Studies on Yeasts Biorefinery Microbial Archaeology Ecological aspects of yeasts in Ecuador Final Remarks 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 2

3 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 3

4 CLQCA Funded: 2006 Repository of the yeasts biodiversity of Ecuador About 3300 isolates and 150 species from Ecuadorian and Antarctic environments Search for novel yeast species Ecology of yeasts Human talent formation (University PUCE) Biotechnological approaches 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 4

5 Biodiversity of Yeasts, Why does it matter? The term biodiversity is an abstract expression embracing all aspects of the variety of life: from bio-molecules to species, populations, communities and ecosystems. Variation is the essence of biology. Consequently, biodiversity is an intrinsic feature of life. Culture collections play a fundamental role in ex situ preservation of microbial biodiversity: a big effort to keep microorganisms Bioprospection of microorganisms for industrial exploitation is fueling the innovation in a wide variety of industries. 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 5

6 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 6

7 PROJECTS: BIOREFINERY 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 7

8 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 8

9 Beijing, April October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 9

10 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 10

11 Beijing, April October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 11

12 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 12

13 PROJECTS: MICROBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 13

14 BOKU, April MICROBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 14

15 BOKU, April October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 15

16 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 16

17 A TOAST FOR HISTORY!

18 PROJECTS: YEAST BIODIVERSITY 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 18

19 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 19

20 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 20

21 Substrates analyzed 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 21

22 AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS 1 The Index of Speciality (Si) and the Index of Abundance (Ia) of the species are inversely proportional Index of Specialization (Si) Index of Abundance (Ia) 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 22

23 Narcisist Analysis: The adaptation landscape of the yeasts in Ecuador 67% 29% 4% 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 23

24 Final Remarks A number of novel yeast strains and species are being found in Ecuador, which constitutes a valuable source for future research. The CLQCA is a valuable yeasts collection dedicated to biodiversity studies and scientific approaches. The study of the ecology of yeasts brings new understanding about the potential for bioprospection of this group of organisms. 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 24

25 Acknowledgments The Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of Microbiology The WFCC The WDCM 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 25

26 Thank you 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 26

27 BOKU, April AN OVERVIEW OF THE YEAST BIODIVERSITY IN THE GALÁPAGOS AND OTHER ECUADORIAN REGIONS 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 27

28 BOKU, April A practical approach to the study of yeast diversity and its functional role within natural communities will eventually result in the design of tools, for instance, for the prediction of the occurrence of species based on the features of the micro- and macro-landscapes studied. Deepening in the knowledge of microbial ecology and evolution Preservation of key macro and micro landscapes (habitats) Bioprospection

29 Communities of yeasts are affected by natural selection which eliminates deleterious mutations and rapid fixation of adaptive alleles, just as the environment determines whether or not a species can become established within a community. In these terms, we can understand that events of speciation and/or extinction are occurring in yeasts populations around us all the time at a relatively high rate due to its remarkable velocity of reproduction, mutation and adaptation to changing situations of these living organisms. Source: Lachance (2006); Carvajal Barriga et al., (2011)

30 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 30