The term Sustainability

Transcription

1 Sustainable (Energy Efficient) Buildings Univ.-Prof. Dr. Peter Maydl Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July The term Sustainability sustainable long term effective = meaning of the old German word long term compatible = the English translation / from the Latin meaning (sustainable/sustinere) Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

2 Energy efficiency is an (important) part of sustainability, but it s not all! We don t habe an energy problem, but we have problems with the (non renewable) resource consumption an the emissions producing energy Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July The Brundtland Report (1987): Sustainable Development is a 'development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Rio Declaration (1992): Sustainable development is a developement that could last for generations all over the world without affecting nature and society. Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

3 Milestones of sustainable developement Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July The magic triangle of sustainability ECONOMIC ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

4 Environmental impacts of construction activiities TECHNOSPHERE resource consumption: - material - energy - ground surface emissions waste, waste water ECOSPHERE IMBT 2006 Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July The developement of environmental technology Material, energy, surface Ecological, economic added value Dilution Ecoefficient products Quelle: Schmidt Bleck Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

5 Impulses for sustainable building IMBT 2010 Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Sustainability in construction Sustainable construction means to fulfill the the benefits of a building/construction work also for the future minimising environmental impacts and costs over the entire life cycle Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

6 Sustainable Building Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

7 Categories of impact to assess environmental effects IMBT 2006 Use of non-renewable resources, without non-renewable primary energy Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Wirkungskategorie: Klimaveränderung Treibhauseffekt: Beschreibt das Phänomen der Erwärmung der Luftschichten, verursacht durch Absorption der langwelligen Ausstrahlung der Erdoberfläche an so genannten Treibhausgasen und Rückstrahlung der dabei entstehenden Wärmeenergie. Quelle: PE Europe Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

8 Indicators of environmental sustainability according to pren Output indicators for environmental impacts Acidification of land and water resources; climate change; destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer; eutrophication; formation of ground-level ozone. Quelle: prcen (E) Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Indicators of environmental sustainability according to pren Input indicators for material and energy use use of non-renewable resources other than primary energy; use of renewable resources other than primary energy; use of non-renewable primary energy; use of renewable primary energy; use of freshwater resources; Quelle: prcen (E) Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

9 Indicators of environmental sustainability according to pren Output Indicators for secondary raw materials, waste and exported energy materials for recycling materials for energy recovery non-hazardous waste to disposal; hazardous waste to disposal (other than radioactive waste) radioactive waste to disposal Quelle: prcen (E) Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July EU-15 Verteilung der CO 2 -Äquiv. Quelle: Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe 2006 Annex - EEA Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

10 Sektorale THG-Verteilung - Österreich Quelle: KYOTO-FORTSCHRITTSBERICHT ÖSTERREICH UBA (2005) THG Treibhausgase Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Treibhausgas-Emissionen von 1990 bis : 93,2 Mio t. CO 2 Quelle: UBA, Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

11 Trend - CO 2 -Emissionen aus Raumheizung (1) Quelle: KYOTO-FORTSCHRITTSBERICHT ÖSTERREICH UBA (2005) Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Abweichung vom Kyoto-Ziel im Jahr : Öst. 18% Quelle: 8. UKB, UBA Quelle: Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe European Environment Agency (EEA) Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

12 Treibhausgasemissionen in Österreich Gegenmaßnahmen? Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Heizkennzahlen Quelle: Jungmeier et al viz. Wifo-Bericht 04/07 Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

13 CO 2 -Konzentration Luft Quelle: Prof. Gertis, Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Globale fossile Kohlenstoffemissionen Quelle: Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

14 Kohlendioxidkonzentration Quelle: IPCC Guidelinie 96 Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Wirkungskategorie: Versauerung Quelle: Prof. Gertis, Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

15 Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July The new trend: Building Certification Systems Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

16 The different concepts for certification systems origin: Prof. Lützkendorf in: RICS Investing in a Sustainable Built Environment, Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Important certification systems in Europe: LEED BREEAM DGNB and ÖGNI Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

17 Certification systems Grafiken: Drees + Sommer Advanced Building Technologies, Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July The Concept of the DGNB/ÖGNI (German Green Building Council and the Austrian Society for Sustainable Real Estate Management) Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

18 The Incentive System Number of Buildings Voluntary Incentive System Bronze Silver Gold Legal Regulations Building Performance Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July DGNB Certificate for Sustainable Building Weighting of Evaluation Areas Protection Area Natural Environment Natural Resources Health Economic Value Social & Cultural Value Protection Goal Protection of the Environment Protection of Natural Resources Decreased Life-Cycle Costs Guarantee of Economical Value Assurance of Health & Thermal Comfort People-friendly Surroundings / Guarantee of Social and Cultural Value Assessment Ecological Quality Economical Quality Sociocultural and Functional Quality 22,5% 22,5% 22,5% Technical Quality Process Quality 22,5% 10,0% Site Quality Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

19 Holistic Building Evaluation 6 Areas of Evaluation Around 60 Criteria Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July DGNB Certificate for Sustainable Building Ecological quality Economical quality Sociocultural & functional quality Technical quality Process qualität Site quality Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

20 Ecological quality 01 Potential for greenhouse gases 02 Potential for ozone layer degradation 03 Potential to create ozone 04 Potential for acidification 05 Potential for over-fertilization 06 Risks to the local environment 08 Wood / sustainable use of resources 10 Nonrenewable primary energy demand 11 Total primary energy demand and share of renewable primary energy 14 Drinking water demand and volume of waste water 15 Area demands Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Economic quality 16 Building costs throughout its lifecycle 17 Suitability for third-party use Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

21 Sociocultural and functional quality 18 Thermal comfort in the winter 19 Thermal comfort in the summer 20 Interior hygiene 21 Acoustic comfort 22 Visual comfort 23 User control possibilities 24 Exterior quality as affected by the building 25 Safety and risk of hazardous incidents 26 Handicapped accessibility 27 Space efficiency 28 Suitability for conversion 29 Public access 30 Bicycling convenience 31 Assurance of creative and urban development quality in a competition 32 Percent for art Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Technical quality 33 Fire prevention 34 Noise protection 35 Quality of building envelope s heat and humidity technology 40 Ease of cleaning and maintenance 42 Ease of dismantling and recycling Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

22 Process quality 43 Quality of project preparation 44 Integral planning 45 Optimization and complexity of planning method 46 Evidence of sustainable aspects in call for and awarding of tenders 47 Creation of conditions for optimal use and management 48 Construction site / construction process 49 Quality of companies involved / prequalification 50 Quality assurance for construction process 51 Systematic initiation of operation Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Location quality 56 Risks in the micro-environment 57 Relationships in the micro-environment 58 Image and state of location and area 59 Access to transportation 60 Proximity to use-specific facilities 61 Adjacent media / development Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

23 Evaluation Total degree of compliance of: 50% bronze 65% silver 80% gold Alternatively, indicated by a grade: 95% corresponds to 1,0 80% corresponds to 1,5 65% corresponds to 2,0 origin: Systemdescription_German Sustainable Building Certificate, Structure Application Criteria; DGNB 2009 Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Results of a study Life Cycle Costs of a Passive House Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

24 Ziel der Untersuchung Vergleich der Lebenszykluskosten eines Eigenheimes für unterschiedliche Energiestandards Die HWB-Mindestanforderungen 1 wurden entsprechend der Kyoto II Vereinbarung neu festgelegt: HWB BGF in kwh/(m².a) bei einem A/V-Verhältnis 0,8 bei einem A/V-Verhältnis 0,2 bis Ende ab (Niedrigenergiehaus) ab (Superniedrigenergiehaus) Passivhaus 10 nach OIB 1) Verordnungsnovelle vom , LGBl.Nr.34/2009 Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Gegenstand der Untersuchung / Berechungsgrundlage Einfamilienhaus (Steiermark) Passivhausstandard Nutzfläche rd. 145 m² Ausschreibung in Einzelgewerken Fertigstellung: 2009 Modellierung in vier Energiestandards! 1.Passivhausstandard (ausgeführt) 2.Superniedrigenergiehaus 3.Niedrigenergiehaus 4.Variante 2009 Quelle: JML Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

25 Ermittlung Lebenszykluskosten Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Grundlagen/Annahmen (1) Betrachtungszeitraum: 50 Jahre Preisbasis: 2008 Diskontierungszinssatz 5,5% Preisansätze für Strom und Gas Gas: 0,05 /kwh (Quelle: e-control; Stand: ) Strom: 0,15 /kwh (Quelle: e-control; Stand: ) Durchschnittlicher Jahresstromverbrauch eines Haushalts 4925 kwh/a (Quelle: VEÖ) Energiepreissteigerungsszenarien Generelle Preissteigerungsszenario Bauleistungen und Bauwerk-Technik, Wasser/Abwasser Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

26 Grundlagen/Annahmen (2) Angenommene Austauschzyklen zu Bauwerk-Ausbau und - Technik Bauwerk-Ausbau Wärmedämmverbundsystem: 30 Jahre Fenster (Holz-Alu): 30 Jahre Bauwerk-Technik Gas-, Wasser- und Abwasseranlagen: 30 Jahre Wärmeversorgungsanlagen-Gas: 25 Jahre Wärmeversorgungsanlagen- Solar: 30 Jahre Lufttechnische Anlagen: 25 Jahre Starkstromanlagen: 50 Jahre Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Energiepreisszenarien Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

27 Bauwerkskosten und Betriebskosten Energiepreissteigerung: 4% Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Bauwerkskosten und Betriebskosten Energiepreissteigerung: 11% Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

28 Lebenszykluskosten je m² NGF Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Kostenverteilung Passivhaus (LCC) 50a Energiepreissteigerung: 4% und 11% Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July

29 Kostenverteilung NE-Haus (LCC) 50a Energiepreissteigerung: 4% und 11% Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July Fazit Nur geringe Differenz in den Errichtungskosten der Varianten Verteilung Errichtungs- und Nutzungskosten 20/80 % nicht generell gültig! Mit zunehmender Energiepreissteigerung ergibt sich ein zunehmender Vorteil für das Passivhaus Geringste Lebenszykluskosten bei Niedrigenergiehaus bei Energiepreissteigerungsszenarien bis zu 4% unter den gegebenen Rahmenbedingungen Professor Univ. Prof. P. Horst Maydl Cerjak, STYRIAN ACADEMY: Energy Efficient Sustainable - Buildings Graz, 12. July