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2 FOREWORD The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and are intended for use in the oil and gas production facilities, oil refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing installations and other such facilities. IPS is based on internationally acceptable standards and includes selections from the items stipulated in the referenced standards. They are also supplemented by additional requirements and/or modifications based on the experience acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and the local market availability. The options which are not specified in the text of the standards are itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can select his appropriate preferences therein. The IPS standards are therefore expected to be sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt these standards to their requirements. However, they may not cover every requirement of each project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS Standard shall be prepared by the user which elaborates the particular requirements of the user. This addendum together with the relevant IPS shall form the job specification for the specific project or work. The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately every five years. Each standards are subject to amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the latest edition of IPS shall be applicable The users of IPS are therefore requested to send their views and comments, including any addendum prepared for particular cases to the following address. These comments and recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant technical committee and in case of approval will be incorporated in the next revision of the standard. Standards and Research department No.19, Street14, North kheradmand Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code Tel: & Fax: پيش گفتار استانداردهاي نفت ايران (IPS) منعكس كننده ديدگاههاي وزارت نفت ايران است و براي استفاده در تا سيسات توليد نفت و گاز پالايشگاههاي نفت واحدهاي شيمياي ي و پتروشيمي تا سيسات انتقال و فراورش گاز و ساير تا سيسات مشابه تهيه شده است. استانداردهاي نفت براساس استانداردهاي قابل قبول بينالمللي تهيه شده و شامل گزيدههاي ي از استانداردهاي مرجع ميباشد. همچنين براساس تجربيات صنعت نفت كشور و قابليت تا مين كالا از بازار داخلي و نيز برحسب نياز مواردي بطور تكميلي و يا اصلاحي در اين استاندارد لحاظ شده است. مواردي از گزينههاي فني كه در متن استانداردها آورده نشده است در داده برگها بصورت شماره گذاري شده براي استفاده مناسب كاربران آورده شده است. استانداردهاي نفت به شكلي كاملا انعطاف پذير تدوين شده است تا كاربران بتوانند نيازهاي خود را با آنها منطبق نمايند. با اين حال ممكن است تمام نيازمنديهاي پروژه ها را پوشش ندهند. در اين گونه موارد بايد الحاقيهاي كه نيازهاي خاص آنها را تا مين مينمايد تهيه و پيوست نمايند. اين الحاقيه همراه با استاندارد مربوطه مشخصات فني آن پروژه و يا كار خاص را تشكيل خواهند داد. استانداردهاي نفت تقريبا هر پنج سال يكبار مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و روزآمد ميگردند. در اين بررسيها ممكن است استانداردي حذف و يا الحاقيهاي به آن اضافه شود و بنابراين همواره آخرين ويرايش آنها ملاك عمل مي باشد. از كاربران استاندارد درخواست ميشود نقطه نظرها و پيشنهادات اصلاحي و يا هرگونه الحاقيهاي كه براي موارد خاص تهيه نمودهاند به نشاني زير ارسال نمايند. نظرات و پيشنهادات دريافتي در كميتههاي فني مربوطه بررسي و در صورت تصويب در تجديد نظرهاي بعدي استاندارد منعكس خواهد شد. ايران تهران خيابان كريمخان زند خردمند شمالي كوچه چهاردهم شماره 19 اداره تحقيقات و استانداردها كدپستي : تلفن : و دور نگار : Standards@nioc.org پست الكترونيكي:

3 GENERAL DEFINITIONS : Throughout this Standard the following definitions shall apply. COMPANY : Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum such as National Iranian Oil Company, National Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And Distribution Company. PURCHASER : Means the "Company" where this standard is a part of direct purchaser order by the "Company", and the "Contractor" where this Standard is a part of contract document. VENDOR AND SUPPLIER : Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or fabricate the equipment or material. CONTRACTOR : Refers to the persons, firm or company whose tender has been accepted by the company. EXECUTOR : Executor is the party which carries out all or part of construction and/or commissioning for the project. INSPECTOR : The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a person/persons or a body appointed in writing by the company for the inspection of fabrication and installation work SHALL : Is used where a provision is mandatory. SHOULD: Is used where a provision is advisory only. WILL : Is normally used in connection with the action by the "Company" rather than by a contractor, supplier or vendor. MAY : Is used where a provision is completely discretionary. تعاريف عمومي : در اين استاندارد تعاريف زير به كار مي رود. شركت : به يكي از شركت هاي اصلي و يا وابسته به وزارت نفت مثل شركت ملي نفت ايران شركت ملي گاز ايران شركت ملي صنايع پتروشيمي و شركت ملي پالايش و پخش فرآوردههاي نفتي اطلاق ميشود. خريدار : يعني " شركتي" كه اين استاندارد بخشي از مدارك سفارش خريد مستقيم آن "شركت" ميباشد و يا "پيمانكاري" كه اين استاندارد بخشي از مدارك قرارداد آن است. فروشنده و تا مين كننده : به موسسه و يا شخصي گفته ميشود كه تجهيزات و كالاهاي مورد لزوم صنعت را تا مين مينمايد. پيمانكار : به شخص موسسه و يا شركتي گفته ميشود كه پيشنهادش براي مناقصه پذيرفته شدهاست. مجري : مجري به گروهي اطلاق ميشود كه تمام يا قسمتي از كارهاي اجراي ي و يا راه اندازي پروژه را انجام دهد. بازرس : در اين استاندارد بازرس به فرد/گروه يا موسسهاي اطلاق ميشود كه كتبا توسط كارفرما براي بازرسي ساخت و نصب تجهيزات معرفي شده باشد. بايد : براي كاري كه انجام آن اجباري است استفاده ميشود. توصيه: براي كاري كه ضرورت انجام آن توصيه ميشود بكار ميرود. ترجيح : معمولا در جايي استفاده ميشود كه انجام آن كار بر اساس نظارت "شركت" باشد. ممكن است : براي كاري كه انجام آن اختياري ميباشد بكار ميرود.

4 CONSTRUCTION STANDARD FOR STEEL STRUCTURES FIRST REVISION FEBRUARY 2009 استاندارد اجراي ي براي سازههاي فولادي ويرايش اول This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum. اين استاندارد متعلق به وزارت نفت ايران است. تمام حقوق آن متعلق به مالك آن بوده و نبايد بدون رضايت كتبي وزارت نفت ايران تمام يا بخشي از اين استاندارد به هر شكل يا وسيله ازجمله تكثير ذخيره سازي انتقال يا روش ديگري در اختيار افراد ثالث قرار گيرد. 1

5 CONTENTS : Page No فهرست مطالب : 1. SCOPE REFERENCES UNITS REGULATIONS DISCREPANCIES SHOP PAINTING General Requirements Inaccessible Surfaces Contact Surfaces Finished Surfaces Surfaces Adjacent to Field Welds SCHEDULING HANDLING OF MATERIALS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE Marking and Shipping of Materials Delivery of Materials Non-Destructive Testing Surface Preparation and Shop Painting Inspection Independent Inspection Electrodes دامنه كاربرد مراجع واحدها مقررات موارد اختلاف رنگ آميزي كارگاهي الزامات عمومي سطوح غيرقابل دسترسي سطوح تماس سطوح پرداخت شده سطوح مجاور محدوده جوشكاري زمان بندي جابجاي ي مصالح و تضمين كيفيت علامت گذاري و حمل مصالح تحويل مصالح آزمايشات غير مخرب آماده سازي سطوح و بازرسي رنگ آميزي كارگاهي بازرسي مستقل الكترودها

6 8.7 Fireproofing FABRICATION General Preparation of Material Fitting and Fastening Fabrication Tolerances Cambering, Curving and Straightening Clearances Cutting Holing Assembly Bolting Welding ERECTION General Method of Erection Existing Services and Installations Assembly Erection on Concrete Foundation Handling Field Connection Material Dimensions ضد حريق كردن ساخت عمومي آماده سازي مصالح قطعات اتصال و بستها رواداريهاي ساخت ايجاد خيز معكوس انحنا دادن و راست كردن فواصل آزاد برشكاري س 8 وراخكاري مونتاژ بستن پيچها جوشكاري نصب عمومي روش نصب...18 خدمات و تا سيسات موجود...18 مونتاژ نصب روي شالوده بتني حمل مصالح اتصالات محل اجرا ابعاد

7 10.9 Tolerances Field Painting Damaged Area Field Inspection Final Clean-Up Safety Protection رواداريها رنگ آميزي در محل كارگاه...24 سطوح آسيب ديده...24 بازرسي در محل كارگاه تميزكاري نهايي حفاظت براي ايمني

8 1. SCOPE This Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the supply, fabrication, erection and inspection of steel framed structures in Iranian Oil Industries. Note 1: This standard specification is reviewed and updated by the relevant technical committee on Nov The approved modifications by T.C. were sent to IPS users as amendment No. 1 by circular No 16 on Nov These modifications are included in the present issue of IPS. Note 2: This standard specification is reviewed and updated by the relevant technical committee on Nov The approved modifications by T.C. were sent to IPS users as amendment No. 2 by circular No 263 on Nov These modifications are included in the present issue of IPS. Note 3: This bilingual standard is a revised version of the standard specification by the relevant technical committee on February 2009, which is issued as revision (1). Revision (0) of the said standard specification is withdrawn. Note 4: In case of conflict between Farsi and English languages, English language shall govern. 2. REFERENCES Throughout this Standard the following dated and undated standards/codes are referred to. These referenced documents shall, to the extent specified herein, form a part of this standard. For dated references, the edition cited applies. The applicability of changes in dated references that occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed upon by the Company and the Vendor. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including any supplements and amendments) applies. AISC (AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION) Steel Construction Manual-13 th edition دامنه كاربرد اين استاندارد حداقل الزامات براي تهيه ساخت نصب و نظارت سازههاي فلزي در صنعت نفت ايران را بيان ميكند. يادآوري : 1 مشخصات اين استاندارد توسط كميته فني مربوطه در نوامبر 1997 بازنگري و به روز شده و اصلاحات مصوب توسط كميته فني بصورت اصلاحيه شماره 1 توسط بخشنامه شماره 16 نوامبر 1997 به كاربران IPS ارسال شدهاست. اين اصلاحات در نسخه حاضر IPS منظور شدهاست. يادآوري : 2 مشخصات اين استاندارد توسط كميته فني مربوطه در نوامبر 2005 بازنگري و به روز شده و اصلاحات مصوب توسط كميته فني بصورت اصلاحيه شماره 2 توسط بخشنامه شماره 263 نوامبر 2005 به كاربران IPS ارسال شدهاست. اين اصلاحات در نسخه حاضر IPS منظور شدهاست. يادآوري 3: اين استاندارد دو زبانه نسخه بازنگري شده استاندارد فوق ميباشد كه در اسفند ماه سال 1387 توسط كميته فني مربوطه تا ييد و به عنوان ويرايش (1) ارايه ميگردد. از اين پس ويرايش (0) اين استاندارد منسوخ ميباشد. يادآوري 4: در صورت اختلاف بين متن فارسي و انگليسي متن انگليسي ملاك ميباشد. 2- مراجع در اين استاندارد به استانداردها و آيين نامههاي تاريخدار و بدون تاريخ زير اشاره شده است. اين مراجع تا حدي كه در اين استاندارد مورد استفاده قرار گرفتهاند بخشي از اين استاندارد محسوب ميشوند. در مراجع تاريخدار ويرايش گفته شده ملاك بوده و تغييراتي كه بعد از تاريخ ويرايش در آنها داده شده است پس از توافق بين شركت و فروشنده قابل اجرا ميباشد. در مراجع بدون تاريخ آخرين ويرايش آنها به انضمام كليه اصلاحات و پيوستهاي آن ملاك عمل ميباشند. AISC (آيين نامه سازه هاي فلزي آمريكا) دستورالعمل سازههاي فلزي- ويرايش سيزدهم- سال

9 "Specification for Steel Structural Building" "Code of Standard Practice" AWS (AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY) AWS D "Structural Welding Code-Steel" RCSC (RESEARCH COUNCIL ON STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS) "Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts" ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS) "مشخصات براي ساختمانهاي فلزي" "آييننامه استاندارد اجراي ي" (انجمن جوشكاري آمريكا) AWS D آي" يننامه جوشكاري سازههاي فولادي" AWS RCSC (شوراي تحقيق روي اتصالات سازهاي) "مشخصات اتصالات سازهاي بوسيله پيچهاي از نوع يا "A490 A325 ASTM ASTM (انجمن آزمون و مواد آمريكا) A325 M "Specification for High- Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)" "مشخصات پيچهاي پر مقاومت براي اتصالات سازههاي فولادي" A325 M A490 M "Specification for High- Strength Steel Bolts. Clauses 10.9 and , for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)" IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS) IPS-C-PI-290 IPS-C-TP-101 IPS-C-TP-102 IPS-E-GN-100 IPS-E-TP-100 "Construction Standard for Welding of Plant Piping Systems" "Construction Standard for Surface Preparation" "Construction Standard for Painting" "Engineering Standard for Units" "Engineering Standard for Paints" "مشخصات پيچهاي فولادي پر مقاومت بندهاي 10.9 و براي اتصالات سازههاي فولادي متريك)" (سيستم "استاندارد اجراي ي براي جوشكاري سيستمهاي لولهكشي واحدهاي A490 M IPS (استانداردهاي نفت ايران) صنعتي" "استاندارد اجراي ي براي سطوح" آماده سازي "استاندارد اجراي ي براي رنگآميزي" "استاندارد مهندسي براي واحدها" "استاندارد مهندسي براي رنگها" IPS-C-PI-290 IPS-C-TP-101 IPS-C-TP-102 IPS-E-GN-100 IPS-E-TP واحدها 3. UNITS This Standard is based on International System of Units (SI) as per IPS-E-GN-100, except where otherwise specified. اين استاندارد بر مبناي نظام بين المللي واحدها (SI) منطبق با استاندارد IPS-E-GN-100 ميباشد مگر آنكه در متن استاندارد به واحد ديگري اشاره شده باشد. -4 مقررات 4. REGULATIONS The work shall be done in accordance with the national and local Laws and Regulations. For subjects not covered by regulations or this Standard. كار بايد بر اساس قوانين و مقررات ملي و محلي انجام شود. براي موضوعاتي كه بوسيله مقررات ياد شده يا اين استاندارد پوشش داده نميشوند. 5

10 the fabrication and erection shall be based on عمليات ساخت و نصب بايد بر اساس روش مهندسي درست و good engineering and working practice, and shall be subject to approval of the AR* تجارب عملي و با تا ييد نماينده كارفرما انجام شود. 5. DISCREPANCIES -5 موارد اختلاف Generally in case of discrepancies between plans and specifications for buildings, the specifications govern. In case of discrepancies between plans and specifications for bridges, the plans govern. In case of discrepancies between scale dimensions on the plans and figures written on them, the figures govern. In case of discrepancies between the structural steel plans and plans for other trades, the structural steel plans govern. 6 بطور كلي در موارد وجود اختلاف بين نقشهها و مشخصات ساختمانها مشخصات حاكم ميباشد. در موارد وجود اختلاف نقشهها بين و مشخصات پلها نقشهها حاكم در ميباشند. موارد وجود اختلاف بين اندازههاي با مقياس روي نقشهها و ارقام نوشته شده روي آنها در موارد ميباشد. حاكم ارقام وجود اختلاف بين نقشههاي اسكلت فلزي و ساير نقشههاي مربوطه نقشههاي اسكلت فلزي حاكم ميباشد. -6 رنگ آميزي كارگاهي 6. SHOP PAINTING 1-6 الزامات عمومي 6.1 General Requirements Shop painting and surface preparation shall be in accordance with the provisions of IPS-E-TP-100 and IPS-C-TP-101. رنگآميزي كارگاهي و آمادهسازي سطوح بايد بر اساس ضوابط استانداردهاي IPS-E-TP-100 و IPS-C-TP-101 باشد. تنها كارهاي فلزي در تماس با بتن نياز ندارند كه رنگ آميزي Unless otherwise specified, only steelwork in شوند ساير كارهاي فلزي بايد حداقل با يك لايه رنگ در contact with concrete need not be painted; all كارگاه رنگ آميزي بجز مواردي كه طور ديگري تعيين شده other steelwork shall be given at least one coat of shop paint. باشد. 2-6 سطوح غيرقابل دسترسي 6.2 Inaccessible Surfaces Except for contact surfaces, surfaces inaccessible after shop assembly shall be cleaned and painted prior to assembly, if required by design documents. در صورت الزام مدارك طراحي بجز سطوحي كه در تماس با هم هستند ساير سطوح غير قابل دسترس بعد از مونتاژ در كارگاه ساخت بايد پيش از مونتاژ تميزكاري و رنگ آميزي شوند. 6.3 Contact Surfaces 3-6 سطوح تماس connections. Paint is permitted in bearing-type براي اتصالات اتكايي رنگ آميزي مجاز است. براي اتصالات اصطكاكي الزامات سطح تماس بايد مطابق مشخصات For slip-critical connections, the faying surface RCSC requirements shall be in accordance with the "مشخصات براي اتصالات سازهاي بوسيله پيچهاي RCSC "Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM ASTM 325 or A490 Bolts", Paragraph براي تعريف باشد. "3.2.2(b) بخش A490 يا A (b).For definition of slip-critical connections refers to clause 4.3 of the same. اتصالات اصطكاكي به بخش 4.3 همان استاندارد مراجعه شود. 6.4 Finished Surfaces 4-6 سطوح پرداخت شده Machine-finished surfaces shall be protected against corrosion by a rust inhibiting coating that can be removed prior to erection, or which has characteristics that make removal prior to erection unnecessary. سطوح ماشين كاري شده بايد بوسيله پوشش ضد زنگي كه ميتواند به سادگي پيش از نصب پاك شود يا طبق مشخصات نيازي به پاك كردن آن پيش از نصب نميباشد در مقابل خوردگي محافظت شود. 5-6 سطوح مجاور محدوده جوشكاري 6.5 Surfaces Adjacent to Field Welds Unless otherwise specified in the design documents, surfaces within 50 mm of any field weld location shall be free of materials that would prevent proper welding or produce objectionable fumes during welding. سطوح با فاصله 50 ميليمتري از محدوده جوشكاري بايد عاري از موادي باشد كه از انجام جوشكاري صحيح جلوگيري كند يا توليد دود مزاحم در هنگام جوشكاري نمايد مگر در مواردي كه شرايط ديگري تعيين شده باشد.

11 -7 زمان بندي 7. SCHEDULING 7.1 The contract documents specify the schedule for the performance of the work. This schedule states when the "released for construction" plans will be issued and when the job site, foundations, piers and abutments will be ready, free from obstructions and accessible to the erector, so that erection can start at the designated time and continue without interference or delay caused by the Owner or other trades. 7.2 The fabricator and erector have the responsibility to advise the Owner, in a timely manner, of the effect any revision has on the contract schedule. 8. HANDLING OF MATERIALS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 8.1 Marking and Shipping of Materials Erection marks are applied to the structural steel members by painting or other suitable means, unless otherwise specified in the contract documents Bolt assemblies and loose bolts, nuts and washers shall be shipped in separate closed containers according to length and diameter, as applicable. Pins and other small parts and packages of bolts, nuts and washers shall be shipped in boxes, crates, kegs or barrels. A list and description of the material shall appear on the outside of each closed container. 8.2 Delivery of Materials Special care shall be taken to avoid bending, twisting or otherwise distorting individual members. Fabricated structural steel is delivered in such sequence as will permit the most efficient and economical performance of both shop fabrication and erection. If the Owner wishes to prescribe or control the sequence of delivery of materials, he reserves such right and defines the requirements in the contract documents. If the Owner contracts separately for delivery and erection, he must coordinate planning between contractors Anchor Rods, washers, nuts and other anchorage or grillage materials that are to be built into concrete or masonry shall be shipped so that they will be available when needed. The Owner s Authorized Representative for Construction shall allow the fabricator sufficient time to fabricate and ship such materials before they are needed. 1-7 مدارك پيمان زمان بندي انجام كار را مشخص مينمايد. اين زمان بندي تاريخ صدور نقشههاي با عنوان "ارسال براي اجراء" را بيان ميكند و زمان آماده بودن سايت فونداسيونها و پايهها بصورت را قابل دسترس و بدون وجود موانع بيان ميكند بنحوي كه عمليات نصب بتواند در زمان مقرر آغاز و بدون تداخل يا تا خير ناشي از كارفرما يا سايرين ادامه يابد. 2-7 سازنده و نصاب وظيفه دارند كارفرما را به موقع از تا ثيرات هر گونه تجديد نظر روي زمان بندي پيمان آگاه كنند. 8- جابجاي ي مصالح و تضمين كيفيت 1-8 علامت گذاري و حمل مصالح علاي م نصب بايد بوسيله رنگ يا ساير روشهاي مناسب روي اعضاي فولادي سازه مشخص شود مگر آنكه در مدارك پيمان بنحو ديگري مشخص شده باشد پيچ و مهرههاي به هم بسته شده و پيچها مهرهها و واشرهاي منفرد بايد جداگانه در صندوقهاي مجزا بر اساس طول و قطرشان حمل شوند. پينها و ساير اجزاي ريز و بستههاي پيچ و مهره و واشر بايد در جعبهها صندوقهاي چوبي يا بشكهها حمل شوند. فهرست و شرح مصالح بايد روي سطح بيروني هر يك از صندوقها در بسته مشخص باشد. 2-8 تحويل مصالح براي جلوگيري از خميدگي پيچيدگي يا ساير تغييرشكلهاي اعضا لازم است مراقبت ويژهاي بعمل آيد. ترتيب تحويل سازههاي فولادي ساخته شده بنحوي خواهد بود كه كارآمدترين و اقتصاديترين عملكرد ساخت و نصب را تا مين نمايد. در صورتيكه كارفرما بخواهد مراحل تحويل مصالح را كنترل يا تعيين كند چنين حقي در الزامات و مدارك پيمان منظور تحويل ميشود. در صورتيكه كارفرما بصورت جداگانه براي و نصب قرارداد ببندد وي بايد برنامهريزي بين پيمانكاران را هماهنگ نمايد ميلمهارها واشرها مهرهها و ساير مصالح مهاري يا شبكهاي پي كه بايد در داخل بتن يا مصالح بنايي قرار داده شوند بايد طوري حمل شوند كه در زمان نياز در دسترس موجود باشند. نماينده كارفرما بايد جهت ساخت و حمل اين مصالح پيش از نياز به آنها زمان كافي را به سازنده بدهد. 7

12 8.2.2 If any shortage is claimed, the AR or Erector should immediately notify the carrier and the fabricator in order that the claim may be investigated The size and weight of structural steel assemblies may be limited by shop capabilities, the permissible weight and clearance dimensions of available transportation and the job site conditions. The fabricator limits the number of field splices to those consistent with minimum project cost If material arrives at its destination in damaged condition, it is the responsibility of the receiving party to promptly notify the fabricator and carrier prior to unloading the material, or immediately upon discovery prior to erection. 8.3 Non-Destructive Testing When non-destructive testing is required, the process, extent, technique and standards of acceptance are clearly defined in the contract documents. For specific work the relevant test shall be defined by AR. 8.4 Surface Preparation and Shop Painting Inspection Surface preparation and shop painting inspection must be planned for acceptance of each operation as completed by the fabricator. Inspection of the paint system, including material and thickness, is made promptly upon completion of the paint application. When wet film thickness is inspected, it must be measured immediately after application. 8.5 Independent Inspection When contract documents specify inspection by other than the fabricator s and erector s own personnel, both parties to the contract incur obligations relative to the performance of the inspection The fabricator and erector provide the inspector with access to all places where work is being done. A minimum of 24 hours notification is given prior to commencement of work Inspection of shop work by the Owner or his representative is performed in the fabricator s shop to the fullest extent possible. Such inspections should be in sequence, timely, and performed in such manner as to minimize disruptions in operations and to permit the repair of all non-conforming work while the material is in process in the fabricating shop در صورت ادعاي هرگونه كمبود نماينده كارفرما يا نصاب بايد فورا متصدي حمل و نقل و سازنده را مطلع سازد تا امكان رسيدگي به ادعا فراهم شود ابعاد و وزن قطعات سازههاي فولادي بهم بسته شده ميتواند با توجه به قابليتهاي كارگاهي وزن مجاز و ابعاد آزاد حمل و نقل و شرايط كارگاه محدود شود. سازنده براي كاهش هزينههاي پروژه تعداد اتصالات كارگاهي جهت نصب كه مو ثر در هزينهها ميباشند را محدود ميسازد در صورتيكه مصالح در وضعيت آسيب ديده به مقصد برسند وظيفه طرف تحويل گيرنده است كه فورا و پيش از تخليه يا به محض اطلاع پيش از نصب به سازنده و متصدي حمل و نقل اطلاع دهد. 3-8 آزمايشات غير مخرب در مواردي كه آزمايش غيرمخرب نياز است فرآيند محدوده شيوه و استانداردهاي پذيرش بايد بطور شفاف در اسناد پيمان تعريف شود. براي فعاليتهاي خاص آزمايشات مربوطه بايد بوسيله نماينده كارفرما تعيين شود. 4-8 آماده سازي سطوح و بازرسي رنگ آميزي كارگاهي برنامهريزي براي آماده سازي سطوح و بازرسي رنگ آميزي كارگاهي بايد جهت پذيرش هر يك از عمليات تكميل شده توسط سازنده انجام شود. بازرسي سيستم رنگ آميزي شامل مصالح و ضخامت بايد فورا بعد از اتمام رنگ آميزي انجام شود. در مواردي كه ضخامت لايهتر بازرسي ميشود بايد اندازهگيري بلافاصله بعد از رنگ آميزي انجام شود. 5-8 بازرسي مستقل در مواردي كه در مدارك پيمان بازرسي توسط مراجعي غير از كاركنان سازنده و نصاب تعيين شده باشد هر دو گروه طرف قرارداد مسي ول رعايت الزامات مربوط به عملكرد بازرسي ميباشند سازنده و نصاب بايد امكان دسترسي بازرس را به تمام محلهايي كه در آن كار در حال انجام است فراهم كنند. حداقل 24 ساعت قبل از شروع كار (بازرسي) مراتب اطلاع داده ميشود بازرسي كارها در كارگاه ساخت از طرف كارفرما يا نماينده او در كارگاه ساخت تا بالاترين حد ممكن انجام ميشود. اين بازرسيها بايد با توالي به موقع و به شيوهاي انجام شود كه قطع عمليات به حداقل برسد و امكان اصلاح تمام عدم تطابقهاي كار تا زمانيكه مصالح در فرآيند توليد در كارگاه ساخت است را فراهم نمايد. 8

13 8.5.3 Inspection of field work is completed promptly, so that corrections can be made without delaying the progress of the work Rejection of material or workmanship not in conformance with the contract documents may be made at any time during the progress of the work. However, this provision does not relieve the Owner of his obligation for timely, in sequence inspections The fabricator and erector receive copies of all reports, prepared by the Owner s inspection representative. 8.6 Electrodes Electrodes shall be stored in their original packets or cartons in a dry place adequately protected from weather effects. If electrodes became affected by dampness but are not otherwise damaged, they may be used after being dried, cut in a manner approved by the electrode Manufacturer. 8.7 Fireproofing Fireproofing of structural steel members, marked "FP" on construction drawings, shall be accomplished in accordance with IPS-E-CE بازرسي كارهاي در محل اجراء بلافاصله پس از اتمام كار انجام ميشود بنحوي كه باعث تا خير در پيشرفت كارها نشود عدم پذيرش مصالح يا كارهاي مغاير با مدارك پيمان ميتواند در هر زمان در طي پيشرفت كار انجام شود. با اين حال اين امر بازرسي مبرا نميسازد. كارفرما را از الزام انجام به موقع مراحل سازنده و نصاب كپي تمام گزارشات نماينده بازرسي كارفرما را دريافت ميكنند. 6-8 الكترودها الكترودها بايد در بستهبندي اصلي خود يا در كارتنهايي در به اندازه محيط حفاظت شوند. كافي خشك انبار شوند تا از تا ثيرات جوي اگر الكترودها تحت تا ثير رطوبت قرار گرفته ولي آسيب ديگري نديده باشند ميتوان آنها را بعد از خشك كردن به روش مورد تا ييد سازنده الكترود بكار برد. 7-8 ضد حريق كردن ضدحريق كردن اعضاي سازههاي فولادي كه روي نقشهه يا اجراي ي با نشان "FP" مشخص شدهاند بايد بر اساس استاندارد IPS-E-CE-260 انجام شود. -9 ساخت 9. FABRICATION 9.1 General All material, before and after fabrication shall be straight unless required to be of curvilinear form, and shall be free from twists. End of beams, channels and other parts abutting against or upon other parts shall be cut to exact lengths and true and square so as to provide a good bed or joints as the case may be. Edges of web plates shall be flush with the face of the flange angles, and stiffeners shall fit closely against the flanges. Bolt heads and ends of eye rods shall not be welded on butt formed out of the solid metal. Structures partly or wholly supported by or supporting pressure vessels shall be bolted to cleats or brackets fabricated and assembled by the vessel Manufacturer, except where otherwise specified on the drawings. Prior approval of the AR must be obtained for any welding done to pressure vessels. 1-9 عمومي تمام مصالح پيش و بعد از ساخت به غير از آنهايي كه لازم است منحني شكل باشند بايد مستقيم و بدون پيچخوردگي باشند. انتهاي تيرها ناودانيها و ساير اجزاء مجاور يا روي اجزاء ديگر بايد در طولهاي درست و دقيق و گونيا بريده شوند تا حسب مورد يك نشيمن يا اتصال خوب فراهم شود. لبههاي ورقهاي جان بايد هم سطح بال نبشيها باشد و سخت كنندهها بايد در نزديكي بالها قرار گيرند. كلههاي پيچها و انتهاي ميلههاي چشميدار نبايد روي قسمت لبه سازي شده فلز جوش شوند سازههايي كه قسمتي يا تمام آنها توسط ظروف تحت فشار نگهداشته ميشود و يا به عنوان تكيهگاه آنها عمل ميكنند بايد به بستها يا نشيمنگاههاي ساخته شده توسط سازنده ظروف پيچ شوند بجز مواردي كه بنحو ديگري نقشهها در آمده باشد. براي انجام هر نوع جوشكاري روي ظروف تحت فشار بايد تا ييد نماينده كارفرما اخذ شود. 9

14 ب( Feb / 2-9 آماده سازي مصالح 9.2 Preparation of Material Thermal cutting of structural steel may be by hand or mechanically guided means Surfaces noted as "finished" on the drawings are defined as having a maximum ANSI roughness height value of 500. Any fabricating technique, such as friction sawing, cold sawing, milling, etc., that produces such a finish may be used For preparation of field connection materials refer to clause برش حرارتي سازههاي فولادي ميتواند بصورت دستي يا روشهاي مكانيكي انجام شود سطوحي كه با عنوان "پرداخت شده" روي نقشهها مشخص شدهاند بايد داراي حداكثر زبري 500 بر اساس ANSI باشند. هر روش ساخت مانند اره كردن اصطكاكي اره كردن تراشكاري سرد و غيره كه چنين سطح تا مين نمايد ميتواند بكار رود. پرداخت شدهاي را براي آماده سازي مصالح اتصالات كارگاهي به بخش 7-10 مراجعه شود. 9.3 Fitting and Fastening 3-9 قطعات اتصال و بستها Projecting elements of connection چنانچه بتوان نشان داد كه نصب گيرههاي اتصال يا attachments need not be straightened in the بستهاي كمكي اتصال معقولي را بين سطوح تماس برقرار connecting plane if it can be demonstrated that مينمايد نيازي به راست نمودن اجزاء بيرون زده اتصالات در installation of the connectors or fitting aids will provide reasonable contact between faying surfaces. صفحه اتصال نميباشد Run-off tabs are often required to produce جهت توليد جوشهاي سالم زاي دههاي غالبا sound welds. The fabricator or erector does not remove them unless specified in the contract جوشكاري مورد نياز ميباشد. سازنده يا نصاب تا زمان مشخص شده در مدارك پيمان نبايد آنها را حذف كند. در مواردي كه documents. When their removal is required, they حذف آنها لازم باشد بايد بوسيله برش حرارتي در نزديكي لبه may be hand flame-cut close to the edge of the پرداخت شده عضو بدون نياز به پرداخت اضافي انجام شود. finished member with no further finishing مگر آنكه مشخصا در مدارك پيمان ساير روشهاي پرداخت required, unless other finishing is specifically called for in the contract documents. ذكر شده باشد All high-strength bolts for shop attached connection material are to be installed in the shop in accordance with RCSC s "Specification for تمام پيچهاي پر مقاومت مورد استفاده در مصالح اتصالات كارگاهي طبق نشريه RCSC "مشخصات اتصالات سازهاي بوسيله پيچهاي از نوع A325 يا A490" در كارگاه Structural Joints Using A325 or A490 Bolts", نصب ميشوند مگر آنكه بنحو ديگري در نقشههاي كارگاهي unless otherwise noted on the shop drawings. بيان شده باشد. 4-9 رواداريهاي ساخت 9.4 Fabrication Tolerances For members that have both ends finished (see Clause 9.2.2) for contact bearing, the variation in the overall length shall be equal to or less than 1 mm For other members that frame to other structural steel elements, the variation in the detailed length shall be as follows : (a) For members that are equal to or less than 9 m in length, the variation shall be equal to or less than 2mm. (b) For members that are greater than 9 m in length, the variation shall be equal to or less than 3mm براي اعضايي كه داراي دو انتهاي پرداخت شده جهت اتكاء تماسي (به بند مراجعه شود) هستند اختلاف در طول كلي آنها بايد كوچكتر يا مساوي 1 ميليمتر باشد براي ساير اعضاي سازههاي فولادي كه با ديگر اعضا تشكيل قاب ميدهند اختلاف در طولهاي جزي ي بايد مطابق زير باشد : فلا( ( براي اعضايي كه داراي طولي برابر يا كمتر از 9 متر ميباشند اختلاف بايد كوچكتر يا مساوي 2 ميليمتر باشد. ( براي اعضاي با طول بلندتر از 9 متر اختلاف بايد كوچكتر يا مساوي 3 ميليمتر باشد.

15 ب( Feb / For straight structural members other than compression members, whether of a single standard structural shape or built-up, the variation in straightness shall be equal to or less than that specified for wide-flange shapes in ASTM A6/A6M, except when a smaller variation in straightness is specified in the contract documents. For straight compression members, whether of a standard structural shape or built-up, the variation in straightness shall be equal to or less than 1/1000 of the axial length between points that are to be laterally supported. For curved structural members, the variation from the theoretical curvature shall be equal to or less than the variation in sweep that is specified for an equivalent straight member of the same straight length in ASTM A6/A6M. In all cases, completed members shall be free of twists, bends and open joints. Sharp kinks or ends shall be cause for rejection Beams and trusses detailed without specified camber are fabricated so that after erection any incidental camber due to rolling or shop fabrication is upward When permissible variations in the depths of beams and girders result in abrupt changes in depth at splices, such deviations shall be accounted for as follows : (a) For splices with bolted joints, the variations in depth shall be taken up with filler plates; and, (b) For splices with welded joints, the weld profile shall be adjusted to conform to the variations in depth, the required cross-section of weld shall be provided and the slope of the weld surface shall meet the requirements in AWS D Cambering, Curving and Straightening Local applications of heat or mechanical means are permitted to introduce or correct camber, curvature and straightness. The temperature of heated areas, as measured by approved methods, shall not exceed 593 C for A514 and A852 steel nor 649 C for other steel. 9.6 Clearances Care shall be taken to ensure that the clearances specified are worked to براي اعضاي سازهاي مستقيم بغير از اعضاي فشاري اعم از مقطع استاندارد منفرد يا مقطع ساخته شده انحراف از مستقيم بودن عضو بايد مساوي و يا كمتر از مقادير بيان شده براي مقاطع بال پهن در استاندارد ASTM A6/A6M باشد بجز مواردي كه در مدارك پيمان مقادير كوچكتري تعيين شده باشد. براي اعضاي فشاري اعم از مقاطع استاندارد يا ساخته شده انحراف از مستقيم بودن عضو بايد كوچكتر يا 1 طول محوري بين نقاط مهار شده جانبي باشد مساوي براي اعضاي سازهاي خميده انحراف از انحناي تي وري بايد كوچكتر يا مساوي انحراف بيان شده براي عضو مستقيم با همان طول طبق ASTM A6/A6M باشد. در تمام موارد اعضاي تكميل شده بايد بدون پيچيدگي خميدگي و اتصالات باز باشند. لبههاي تيز يا پيچيده باعث عدم پذيرش خواهد شد تيرها و خرپاهايي كه خيز معكوس براي آنها تعيين نشدهاست بايد طوري ساخته شوند كه بعد از نصب خيز احتمالي آنها ناشي از نورد يا ساخت كارگاهي به سمت بالا باشد در مواردي كه تغييرات مجاز در ارتفاع تيرها و شاهتيرها باعث تغييرات ناگهاني در ارتفاع وصلهها ميشود چنين تغييراتي بايد بصورت زير انجام شود : فلا( ( براي وصلههاي با اتصالات پيچي تغييرات در ارتفاع بايد بوسيله ورقهاي پركننده پر شود ( براي وصلههاي با اتصالات جوشي پروفيل جوش بايد مطابق با تغييرات ارتفاع تنظيم شود مقطع عرضي جوش لازم بايد تا مين شود و شيب سطح جوش الزامات استاندارد AWS D1.1 را برآورده نمايد. 5-9 ايجاد خيز معكوس انحنا دادن و راست كردن كاربرد موضعي وسايل حرارتي يا مكانيكي جهت ايجاد يا اصلاح خم انحنا و راست كردن مجاز ميباشد. دماي سطوح گرم شده كه با روشهاي تا ييد شده اندازهگيري ميشود براي فولادهاي A854 A514 نبايد بيش از 593 درجه سانتيگراد و براي ساير فولادها از 649 درجه سانتيگراد بيشتر شود. 6-9 فواصل آزاد براي اطمينان از تا مين فواصل آزاد مشخص شده بايد دقت لازم صورت گيرد. 11

16 The erection clearance for created ends of members connecting steel to steel shall not be greater than 2 mm at each end. The erection clearances at end of beams without web cleats shall be not more than 3 mm at each end, but where, for practical reasons, this clearance has to be increased, the seatings shall be suitably designed. Where black bolts are used the holes may be made not more than 2 mm greater than the diameter of the bolts, for bolts up to 24 mm diameter and not more than 3 mm greater than the diameter of the bolts, for bolts over 24 mm diameter, unless otherwise specified by the AR. 9.7 Cutting Cutting may be by shearing, cropping, sawing or machine flame cutting. Hand flame cutting may be permitted, subject to the approval of the AR. Sheared or cropped edges shall, if necessary, be dressed to a neat workmanlike finish and shall be free from distortion where parts are to be in metalto-metal contact. 9.8 Holing All holes shall be accurately marked off from template of corresponding plate, and drilled, except in plates 10 mm thick or under when they may be punched. Holes shall be cleaned from burrs or rough edges and countersunk where required. 9.9 Assembly The component parts shall be assembled in such a manner that they are neither twisted nor otherwise damaged, and shall be so prepared that the specified cambers, if any, are provided. All tubular members shall be sealed so as to prevent the access of moisture to the inside of the members Bolting Where necessary, washers shall be tapered or otherwise suitably shaped to give the heads and nuts of bolts a satisfactory bearing. The threaded portion of each bolt shall project through the nut at least one thread. A close tolerance or turned bolt shall be of sufficient length to avoid any threaded portion being within the thickness of the connected parts that is required to develop the bearing load on the bolt, and shall be provided with a washer or washers, فاصله آزاد نصب براي اعضاي با اتصال انتهايي فولاد به فولاد ثابت بيش از 2 ميليمتر در هر انتها نباشد. فواصل آزاد انتهاي تيرهاي بدون اتصال جان نبايد بيش از 3 ميليمتر در هر انتها باشد اما در مواردي كه به دلايل اجرايي اين فواصل آزاد بايد افزايش يابد نشيمنهاي مناسبي بايد طراحي شود. در مواردي كه از پيچهاي سياه استفاده ميشود براي پيچهاي تا قطر 24 ميليمتر سوراخها نبايد بيشتر از 2 ميليمتر از قطر پيچ بزرگتر باشند و براي پيچهاي با قطر بيش از 24 ميليمتر نبايد بيش از 3 ميليمتر بزرگتر از قطر پيچ باشد مگر آنكه توسط نماينده كارفرما طور ديگري بيان شده باشد. 7-9 برشكاري برشكاري ميتواند بوسيله قيچي كردن اره كردن برش شعلهاي ماشيني انجام شود. برش شعلهاي دستي در صورت تصويب نماينده كارفرما مجاز است. در موارديكه قطعات بايد در تماس فلز به فلز قرارگيرند لبهه يا بريده شده در صورت لزوم بايد بصورت ماهرانه و مناسبي پرداخت شوند و بدون پيچيدگي باشند. 8-9 سوراخكاري تمام سوراخها بايد بدقت طبق الگوي ورق مربوطه علامتگذاري و سوراخ شوند. بجز ورقهاي با ضخامت 10 ميليمتر يا كمتر كه ممكن است منگنه شوند سوراخها بايد از پوسته و لبههاي زبر تميز و در موارد لزوم لبه سازي شوند. 9-9 مونتاژ اجزاء هر بخش بايد به گونهاي مونتاژ شوند كه پيچيده نشوند و ساير آسيبها در آنها بوجود نيايد و بنحوي آماده شوند كه در صورت نياز خيز معكوس مشخص شده در آنها تا مين شود. تمام اعضاي لولهاي بايد طوري آببندي شوند كه از ورود رطوبت به داخل اعضا جلوگيري شود بستن پيچها در صورت لزوم واشرها بايد باريك شوند يا با شكلدهي مناسب براي كلهها و مهرههاي پيچها تكيهگاه خوبي تا مين نمايند. قسمت رزوه شده هر پيچ بايد حداقل يك گام از مهره بيرون زده باشد. رواداري بستن يا پيچيدن پيچ بايد به اندازهاي باشد كه از باقيماندن قسمت رزوه شده در داخل ضخامت قسمتهاي متصل شده كه لازم است بار لهيدگي را روي پيچ اعمال نمايند 12

17 under the nut, of sufficient thickness to ensure that at least one full thread (in addition to the thread runout) remains clear between the nut and the unthreaded shank. Where a tubular member is drilled to take bolts or studs, provision shall be made to prevent the access of moisture to the interior of the tube. For example, a transverse sleeve can be inserted where a bolt passes through a tube, or grommets can be used under heads and nuts. The tightening of the high strength bolts shall be done by the turn-of-nut method. Either the nut or the bolt head may be turned while the other is prevented from rotating. First enough bolts shall be brought to a "snug tight" condition to insure that the parts of the joint are properly compacted that is, brought into full contact with each other. Snug tight shall be defined as the tightness attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full effort of a man using an ordinary spud wrench. Following the initial step, bolts shall be placed in all remaining holes in the connection and brought to snug tightness. All bolts or nuts in the joint shall be tightened additionally by ½ turn if both outer faces of bolted parts are normal to bolt axis; ¾ turn if one outer face is normal to bolt axis and the other sloped 1:20 with no beveled washers; 1 turn if both outer faces are sloped 1:20 from normal to bolt axis with no beveled washers. The tolerance on rotation shall be limited to 1/6 turn (60 ) over and nothing under the above specified values. More information regarding tightening of pretensioned joints is referred to section 8.2 of RCSC. جلوگيري شود و واشر يا واشرهايي با ضخامت كافي زير مهره جهت اطمينان از وجود حداقل يك گام كامل (با احتساب رزوه خارج شده) در فاصله بين مهره و ساق رزوه نشده قرار داده شوند. در مواردي كه اعضاي لولهاي براي قراردادن پيچ يا ميله رزوه شده در آنها سوراخ شدهاند تمهيدات لازم جهت جلوگيري از نفوذ رطوبت به داخل لوله بايد منظور شود. براي مثال ميتوان غلافهاي عرضي را در محل عبور پيچ در ميان لوله جا داد يا از حلقه لاستيكي زيركله پيچ و زيرمهرهها استفاده كرد. سفتكردن پيچهاي پر مقاومت بايد به روش چرخاندن مهره انجام شود. يا مهره و يا كلهپيچ هر كدام را ميتوان در حاليكه از چرخش ديگري جلوگيري شده چرخاند. ابتدا بايد پيچها به قرار داده تعداد كافي شوند تا يك حالت ايمن به منظور اطمينان از فشردگي مناسب اتصال بوجود آيد بدين معنا كه در آن تماس كامل با يكديگر ايجاد شود. بستن ايمن چنين ميشود تعريف كه سفتي حاصل از تعدادي ضربه آچار ضربهاي يا تلاش تمام يك مرد جهت بستن پيچ با يك آچار كوتاه معمولي ميباشد. پس از انجام مراحل اوليه پيچها بايد در تمام سوراخهاي باقيمانده در اتصال قرار داده شوند و به كافي اندازه صورتيكه هر دو سفت شوند. وجه تمام پيچها يا مهرههاي اتصال در پيچشده قطعات عمود بر محور پيچ باشند به ميزان نيم دور اضافي و در صورتيكه يك وجه عمود و وجه ديگر داراي شيب 1 به 20 و بدون واشر شيبدار باشد به ميزان سه چهارم دور اضافي و در صورتيكه هر دو وجه با شيب 1 به 20 از محور پيچ و بدون واشر شيبدار باشد به ميزان 1 دور اضافي سفت شود. رواداري چرخاندن بايد محدود به يك ششم دور (60 درجه) بيشتر و صفر دور كمتر از مقادير عنوان شده در بالا باشد. جهت اطلاعات بيشتر مربوط به سفت كردن اتصالات اصطكاكي به قسمت 8.2 استاندارد RCSC مراجعه شود جوشكاري 9.11 Welding Qualification and testing of welders صلاحيت و آزمايش جوشكارها جوشكاري سازههاي فولادي نبايد توسط افرادي غير از No welding of structural steel may be done جوشكار واجد صلاحيت بر اساس استاندارد AWS D1.1 و without qualified welders, as per AWS D1.1 and approved welding procedure. روش تا ييد شده جوشكاري انجام شود. Test samples of a welder s work shall be furnished to Owner for approval, when requested. Welding and flame cutting procedure qualifications shall be carried out, using representative samples of materials to be used in the work. نمونههاي آزمايشي كار جوشكار جهت تا ييد كارفرما در صورت درخواست بايد تهيه بررسي شود. صلاحيتهاي روش جوشكاري و برش شعلهاي بايد با استفاده از نمونههاي مصالح مورد استفاده در كار انجام شود. 13

18 آي" Feb / The tests shall include specimen weld details representative of the actual construction, which shall be welded in a manner simulating the most unfavorable condition liable to occur in the particular fabrication. X-Ray testing shall be carried out according to IPS-C-PI-290 when requested by AR Welds Reasonably smooth and uniform as welded surfaces are acceptable on all welds exposed to view. Butt and plug welds do not project more than 1.6 mm above the exposed surface. No finishing or grinding is required except where clearances or fit of other components may necessitate, or when specially required by the contract documents. The technique of welding, the workmanship, appearance and quality of welds and methods used in correcting nonconforming work shall be in accordance with Sections 3 and 4 of the AWS D1.1 "Structural Welding Code-Steel" Fillet welds a. Effective area The effective area of a fillet weld shall be the effective length multiplied by the effective throat. The effective throat of a fillet weld shall be the shortest distance from the root to the face of the diagrammatic weld. An increase in effective throat is permitted if consistent penetration beyond the root of the diagrammatic weld is demonstrated by tests using the production process and procedure variables. For fillet welds in holes and slots, the effective length shall be the length of the centerline of the weld along the center of the plane through the throat. In the case of overlapping fillets, the effective area shall not exceed the nominal cross-sectional area of the hole or slot, in the plane of the faying surface. b. Limitations The minimum size of fillet welds shall be not less than the size required to transmit calculated forces, nor the size as shown in Table 1. These provisions do not apply to fillet weld reinforcements of partial- or completejoint-penetration groove welds. آزمايشات بايد شامل جزي يات نمونه جوشكاري كه بيانگر شرايط واقعي ساخت است باشد تا جوشكاري در نامساعدترين شرايط قابل وقوع در ساخت يك سازه ويژه شبيه سازي شود. آزمون اشعه X در صورت درخواست نماينده كارفرما بايد بر اساس استاندارد IPS-C-PI-290 انجام شود جوشها سطوح جوش شدهاي قابل قبول است كه تمام جوشهاي نمايان بطور قابل قبولي صاف و يكنواخت جوشكاري شده باشند. جوشهاي كام و انگشتانه نبايد بيش از 1 / 6 ميليمتر بالاتر از سطح نمايان انجام شود بجز در مواردي كه ممكن است فواصل آزاد و يا جاگذاري ساير اعضا نياز باشد يا در موارد خاصي كه طبق مدارك پيمان ضروري باشد در ساير موارد نيازي به پرداخت و سنگكاري جوشها نميباشد. شيوه جوشكاري طرز كار ظاهر و كيفيت جوشها و روشهاي مورد استفاده در اصلاح كارهاي غيرقابل قبول بايد بر اساس قسمتهاي 3 و 4 استاندارد AWS D1.1 ين نامه جوشكاري سازههاي فولادي" باشد جوشهاي گوشه الف- سطح مو ثر سطح مو ثر جوش گوشه عبارتست از حاصلضرب طول مو ثر در گلوي مو ثر جوش. گلوي مو ثر جوش گوشه عبارتست از كوتاهترين فاصله از ريشه تا سطح هندسي جوش. در صورتيكه آزمايش با همان فرآيند توليد و روش جوشكاري پايداري نفوذ بيشتر ريشه جوش را نشان دهد افزايش در گلوي مو ثر جوش مجاز ميباشد. براي جوشهاي گوشه داخل سوراخها و شيارها طول مو ثر طول خط مركزي واقع بر مركز صفحه مياني گلوي جوش ميباشد. در موارد روي هم افتادن جوشهاي گوشه سطح مو ثر نبايد از مقدار اسمي سطح مقطع حفره يا شيار در صفحه تماس بيشتر شود. ب- محدوديتها حداقل بعد جوشهاي گوشه نبايد كمتر از بعد مورد نياز جهت انتقال نيروهاي محاسباتي باشد و نبايد كمتر از مقادير جدول 1 باشد. اين ضوابط براي جوشهاي گوشهاي كه به منظور تقويت جوشهاي نفوذي با نفوذ نسبي يا كامل استفاده ميشود قابل كاربرد نميباشد. 14

19 TABLE 1 - MINIMUM SIZE OF FILLET WELDS جدول 1- حداقل بعد جوشهاي گوشه MATERIAL THICKNESS OF THINNER PART JOINED (mm) حداقل ضخامت نازكترين عضو اتصال (ميليمتر ( To 6 inclusive Over 6 to 13 Over 13 to 19 Over 19 The maximum size of fillet welds of connected parts shall be : a) Along edges of material less than 6 mm thick, not greater than the thickness of the material. b) Along edges of material 6 mm or more in thickness, not greater than the thickness of the material minus 2mm,unless the weld is especially designated on the drawings to be built out to obtain full throat thickness. The minimum effective length of fillet welds designed on the basis of strength shall be not less than 4 times the nominal size, or else the size of the weld shall be considered not to exceed ¼ of its effective length. If longitudinal fillet welds are used alone in end connections of flat bar tension members, the length of each fillet weld shall be no less than the perpendicular distance between them. The transverse spacing of longitudinal fillet welds used in end connections of tension members shall not exceed 200 mm. Intermittent fillet welds are permitted to transfer calculated stress across joint or faying surfaces when the strength required is less than that developed by a continuous fillet weld of the smallest permitted size, and to join components of built-up members. The effective length of any segment of intermittent fillet welding shall be not less than 4 times the weld size, with a minimum of 38 mm. MINIMUM SIZE OF FILLET WELDS (1) (mm) (1) حداقل بعد جوشهاي گوشه (ميليمتر ( كوچكتر يا مساوي 6 3 بيش از 6 تا 13 5 بيش از 13 تا 19 6 بيش از 19 8 (1): Leg dimension of fillet weld. Single-pass welds must be used. (1): اندازه ساق جوش گوشه. از جوشهاي تك پاس بايد استفاده شود. حداكثر بعد جوشهاي گوشه اجزاء متصل شده بايد : الف) در امتداد لبهه يا قطعات با ضخامت كمتر از 6 ميليمتر بزرگتر از ضخامت قطعات نباشد. ب) در امتداد لبههاي قطعات با ضخامت 6 ميليمتر يا بيشتر نبايد بزرگتر از ضخامت قطعات منهاي 2 ميليمتر باشد مگر آنكه بطور خاص در نقشهها ذكر شده باشد كه جوشكاري بايد به ضخامت كامل گلويي انجام شود. حداقل طول مو ثر جوشهاي گوشه طراحي شده بر اساس مقاومت نبايد كمتر از چهار برابر بعد اسمي جوش باشد و به عبارت ديگر بعد جوش نبايد از يك چهارم طول مو ثر آن تجاوز كند. چنانچه اتصالات انتهايي تسمههاي كششي فقط با جوش گوشه طولي انجام شود طول هر جوش نبايد كمتر از فاصله عمودي بين آنها باشد. فاصله عرضي بين جوشهاي گوشه بكار رفته در اتصالات انتهايي اعضاء كششي نبايد بيش از 200 ميليمتر باشد. در مواردي كه مقاومت مورد نياز كمتر از مقاومت يك جوش گوشه پيوسته با كوچكترين بعد مجاز باشد و همچنين براي اتصال اجزاء مركب بكارگيري جوش گوشه منقطع براي انتقال تنشهاي محاسبه شده در محل اتصالات يا سطوح تماس مجاز ميباشد. طول مو ثر هر جزء از جوش گوشه منقطع نبايد كمتر از چهار برابر بعد جوش و حداقل 38 ميليمتر باشد. 15

20 In lap joints, the minimum amount of lap shall be five times the thickness of the thinner part joined, but not less than 25 mm. Lap joints joining plates or bars subjected to axial stress that utilize transverse fillet welds only shall be fillet welded along the end of both lapped parts, except where the deflection of the lapped parts is sufficiently restrained to prevent opening of the joint under maximum loading. Fillet welds in holes or slots are permitted to be used to transmit shear in lap joints or to prevent the buckling or separation of lapped parts and to join components of built-up members. Such fillet welds may overlap, subject to the provisions of Section J2 of AISC specification. Fillet welds in holes or slots are not to be considered plug or slot welds. Minimum preheat and interpass temperatures where required by AWS D1.1shall be provided during welding Groove welds a. Effective area The effective area of groove welds shall be considered as the length of the weld times the effective throat thickness. The effective throat thickness of a complete-joint-penetration (CJP) groove weld shall be the thickness of the thinner part joined. در اتصالات رويهم حداقل ميزان رويهم رفتگي بايد پنج برابر ضخامت قطعه نازكتر و حداقل 25 ميليمتر باشد در اتصالات رويهم ورقها يا ميلهه يا در معرض تنشهاي محوري كه از جوشهاي گوشه عرضي استفاده ميشود اين جوشها فقط بايد در امتداد دو انتهاي قسمت رويهم افتاده انجام شود بجز در مواردي كه تغيير شكل قسمتهاي رويهم افتاده به اندازه كافي محدود شده باشد كه از بازشدگي اتصال تحت حداكثر بارگذاري جلوگيري كند. جوشهاي گوشه در سوراخها يا شيارها جهت انتقال برش در اتصالات رويهم يا جهت جلوگيري از كمانش يا جدايي قسمتهاي رويهم افتاده و اتصال اعضاي مركب مجاز ميباشد. اين قبيل جوشهاي گوشه در صورت رعايت ضوابط قسمت J2 استاندارد AISC ميتوانند رويهم قرارگيرند. جوشهاي گوشه داخل سوراخها يا شيارها به عنوان جوش كام يا انگشتانه محسوب نميشوند. حداقل دماي مورد نياز پيش گرمايش و بين پاسهاي جوشكاري در موارد لزوم بايد طبق آيين نامه AWS D1.1 درطول جوشكاري تا مين شود جوشهاي شياري الف- سطح مو ثر سطح مو ثر جوشهاي شياري عبارتست از حاصلضرب طول جوش در ضخامت گلوي مو ثر. ضخامت گلوي مو ثر جوش شياري با نفوذ كامل برابر ضخامت قطعه نازكتر درنظر گرفته ميشود. TABLE 2- MINIMUM EFFECTIVE THROAT THICKNESS OF PARTIAL-JOINT-PENETRATION GROOVE WELDS جدول 2- حداقل ضخامت گلوي مو ثر جوش شياري با نفوذ نسبي MATERIAL THICKNESS OF THINNER PART JOINED (mm) ضخامت قطعه اتصال نازكتر (ميليمتر ( MINIMUM EFFECTIVE THROAT THICKNESS(mm) حداقل ضخامت گلوي مو ثر جوش (ميليمتر ( كوچكتر يا مساوي To 6 inclusive 6 3 Over 6 to 13 Over 13 to 19 بيش از 6 تا 13 5 بيش از 13 تا 19 6 بيش از 19 تا Over 19 to Over 38 to 57 Over 57 to 150 بيش از 38 تا بيش از 57 تا بيش از Over

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