Content 1. Empirical linguistics 2. Text corpora and corpus linguistics 3. Concordances 4. Application I: The German progressive 5. Part-of-speech tagging 6. Fequency analysis 7. Application II: Compounds 8. Co-occurrence analysis 9. Application III: Word senses in lexicography 10. Keyword analysis 9.1 Word senses in a bilingual dictionary 9.2 Sense detection by co-occurrence analysis 9.3 Corpus analysis software V: KWIC Finder Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 1] 9.1 Word senses in a bilingual dictionary Identification of word senses in lexicography Article for abziehen (literally: to pull off). Vietze, Hans-Peter: Wörterbuch Deutsch-Mongolisch. Berlin: DAO-Verlag 2002 [first edition, Leipzig 1981]. Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 2] 1
Lemma: abziehen Inflection: <32a> Grammatical variants 1: tr Translations general: Structure of the article 9.1 Word senses in a bilingual dictionary ( pull off?) specific 1: Fell ( coat/fur ) skin 2: Flüssigkeit ( liquid ) ( bottle?) 3: Math ( mathematics ) subtract 4: Typ ( typography ) run off Examples 1: das Rasiermesser ~ ( the straight blade razor ) sharpen 2: Rinde ~ ( bark ) pull off? 3: den Schlüssel ~ ( the key ) take out 2: intr Translations specific 1: sich entfernen go away 2: sich zurückziehen withdraw Examples 1: unverrichteterdinge ~ ( go away without achieving anything ) Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 3] 9.2 Sense detection by co-occurrence analysis Task: Find contemporary word senses of abziehen. Procedure: 1) Carry out co-occurrence analysis for abziehen (CCDB, Deutsches Referenzkorpus ). 2) Explore colloquial senses of abziehen by extracting concordances from internet chat rooms using KWIC finder. 3) Check internet-based neologism dictionaries. Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 4] 2
Korpusrecherchemethoden Step 1: co-occurrence analysis for abziehen (CCDB); function words not considered. meanings covered in Vietze meanings not covered in Vietze Truppen abziehen, to withdraw troups unverrichteter Dinge wieder abziehen, to go away without having achieved anything wurden zwei Punkte abgezogen, two points were deducted eine Show abziehen, to make a scene die Haut abziehen, peel (fruit), skin (an animal) Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 5] Korpusrecherchemethoden vom Einkommen abziehen, to deduct from the income den Zündschlüssel abziehen, to take out the ignition key Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 6] 3
Korpusrecherchemethoden aus 20 Metern abziehen, to shoot (a ball) vigorously from 20 m distance Botschafter (aus ) abziehen, to withdraw the ambassador (from ) Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 7] Korpusrecherchemethoden Kapital (aus ) abziehen, to withdraw capital (from) Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 8] 4
Korpusrecherchemethoden den Rauch abziehen lassen, to let the smoke escape Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 9] 9.3 Software V: KWIC Finder Corpus linguistics and the WWW, two options: Web as a corpus Development of corpus analysis programs that use the WWW as a corpus. Corpus from the web Development of programs that extract texts from the web, process them and integrate them into corpus collections. Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 10] 5
Corpus analysis software IV: KWICFinder 9.3 Software V: KWIC Finder KWICFinder Key Word in Context Research Tool and Concordancer for the Web Developer: William Fletcher. Version: 0.98.22 (Beta Version), 11. Dec. 2006 (Windows). Search: online. Software: locally installed. Access: free download. Corpora: WWW. Languages: ca. 20 languages on the basis of the Latin script. URL: http://www.kwicfinder.com/kwicfinder.html. Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 11] 9.3 Software V: KWIC Finder produces concordances on the basis of WWW pages search can be restricted to pages with particular titles or in particular domains can be used to find examples for colloquial language (chat rooms) or examples for special / technical language Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 12] 6
Step 2: using KWICFinder to collect concordances reflecting colloquial German from the internet enter search term: abziehen Search in pages that show chat in their title. Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 13] Results 1 Mongolia / Languages 2 Publishing dictionaries 3 Corpus linguistics 4 Improving dictionaries 5 Outlook Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 14] 7
more meanings not covered in Vietze (1) Die Leute die mich kennen, wissen, daß ich eigentlich eine ganz Friedfertige und Versöhnliche bin. Aber was hier einige Leute abziehen... echt therapiebedürftig!!! [ ] what some people are pulling off here [ ] abziehen to pull off something (coll.) Was ziehst du hier ab? What are you pulling off here? (2) Die Suppe mit Salz abschmecken, mit verquirltem Eigelb abziehen und die Spargelstückchen hineingeben. [ ] thicken the soup with beaten egg yolk [ ] abziehen to thicken (gastr.) er zieht die Suppe mit Eigelb ab he thickens the soup with egg yolk Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 15] (3) ich finde auch den preis etwas niedrig und der ebayer hat auch nur 2 bewertungen,habe deshalb ihn gefragt,ob wir das geschäft über den treuhandservice abwickeln können.jetzt warte ich auf seine antwort.nicht das der mich abziehen will,nur weil vielleicht zu wenig für das board geboten wurde.nicht mein problem. [ ] that he wants to swindle me [ ] to swindle / cheat (coll.) er versuchte mich abzuziehen he tried to swindle me (4) Bieretiketten kann mein einfach von der Flasche abziehen. [ ] Beer labels can be easily pulled off the bottle [ ] abziehen to pull off sie zog das Etikett von der Bierflasche ab she pulled the label off the beer bottle Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 16] 8
more meanings not covered in Vietze meanings covered in Vietze Relevant for a general bilingual dictionary intr. withdraw take out (key) intr. go away (math.) subtract skin (coat/fur) itr. escape (of smoke (coll.) shoot vigorously tr. withdraw (troups, ambassador) (coll.) swindle, cheat (coll., neg.) do (something) pull off (label) deduct (something from income) withdraw (capital) deduct (points) Irrelevant for a general bilingual dict. sharpen (a straight blade razor) pull off (bark) (youth) tear off and rob (typogr.) run off (youth) extort (gastr) thicken (soup) Stefan Engelberg (IDS Mannheim), Workshop Corpora in Lexical Research, Bucharest, Nov. 2008 [Folie 17] 9