Measuring Education Requirements of the Workforce Brenda Turner, Oregon Employment Department Nicole Smith, Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce June 5, 2014
Outline BLS Typical Education/Training Measures Oregon s Education/Training Measures Georgetown s Education Measures 2
Why are education and training needs important to know? Expected demand for workers Education planners Policy makers Businesses Career Exploration Students, career changers, job seekers, counselors, teachers, parents, others What level of preparation is needed to enter a career? 3
BLS Education and Training Classification System Old methodology Single education/training category Most significant source of education or training First professional degree Doctoral degree Master's degree Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work exp. Bachelor's degree Associate degree Postsecondary award Work exp in related occupation Short/Moderate/Long-term OJT New methodology Three-tiered approach Education Work experience On-the-job training 4
How was the new BLS system developed? Variety of data sources: American Community Survey Educational Attainment Occupational Information Network (O*NET) Personal interviews Employers, workers, training experts, professional and trade associations, unions, regulatory authorities, job postings 5
BLS determines the typical path to entry for an occupation Multiple paths to entry are not captured in the classification system The occupational profile narrative in the Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) gives a full description of alternate paths in the How to Become One section. Additional published piece - educational attainment by detailed occupation from American Community Survey 6
BLS Education and Training Classifications Most significant source of education or training Typical entry-level education Work experience in a related occupation Typical OJT needed to attain competency First professional degree Doctoral or professional degree 5 years or more Internship/residency Doctoral degree Master's degree Less than 5 years Apprenticeship Master's degree Bachelor's degree None Long-term OJT (>1 year) Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work exp. Associate's degree Moderate-term OJT (1-12 months) Bachelor's degree Postsecondary non-degree award Short-term OJT (<1 month) Associate degree Some college, no degree None Postsecondary award Work exp in related occupation High school diploma or equivalent Less than high school Short/Moderate/Long-term OJT 7
Oregon We Oregonize the national education and training levels for each occupation Most stay the same, some change Then, we add a component Competitive Education 8
Oregon s Competitive Education Level The level of education that makes an individual more competitive in the labor market for a particular occupation For some occupations, the typical entry and competitive are the same in Oregon s data * * * * * * * * Get the least amount of training to get you into your career Vs. Get a level of training that will help make you more competitive in the job market, and will come in especially handy when there is an economic downturn. 9
BLS vs Oregon vs Oregon Competitive Examples Typical Education Needed for Entry Competitive Education BLS Oregon Oregon Human Resources Managers Bachelor's degree Bachelor's degree Bachelor's degree High school diploma or High school diploma or High school diploma or Security Guards equivalent equivalent equivalent High school diploma or High school diploma or Postsecondary training Floral Designers equivalent equivalent (non-degree) Dental Hygienists Associate's degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree 10 High school diploma or Interpreters and Translators Bachelor's degree equivalent Bachelor's degree
US Projections Data by Education Level Proxy for the number of newly trained workers we will need at each education level to fill job openings Assumes typical education level for each occupation held constant from 2012-2022 Typical Education Needed for Entry Total Openings, 2012-2022 (1,000) Total, all occupations 50,557.3 Less than high school 15,914.3 High school diploma or equivalent 17,667.4 Some college, no degree 642.6 Postsecondary non-degree award 3,067.2 Associate's degree 2,269.5 Bachelor's degree 8,618.7 Master's degree 950.8 Doctoral or professional degree 1,426.8 Work experience in a related occupation Total, all occupations 50,557.3 5 years or more 1,330.9 Less than 5 years 4,863.4 None 44,363.0 Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency Total, all occupations 50,557.3 Internship/residency 1,997.8 Apprenticeship 879.8 Long-term on-the-job training 2,163.7 Moderate-term on-the-job training 6,841.0 Short-term 11 on-the-job training 22,273.7 None 16,401.3
Typical Entry-Level Education 2012-2022 Total Openings U.S. Bachelor's or Higher 22% Postsecondary/ Associate's 12% 12 High School or Less 66% 2022 Employment 65% High school or less 12% Postsec/Associate s 23% Bachelor s
Typical Entry-Level Education 2012-2022 Total Openings Oregon Bachelor's or Higher 20% Postsecondary/ Associate's 13% High School or Less 67% 13
Typical Competitive-Level Education 2012-2022 Total Openings Oregon Bachelor's or Higher 27% High School or Less 45% Postsecondary/ Associate's 28% 14
80% 70% 60% 50% 2012-2022 Total Openings US Entry Oregon Entry Oregon Competitive Georgetown (2010-2020) 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% High school or less Postsecondary / Associate's Bachelor's degree or higher 15
Summary BLS uses 3-tiered approach Education and training information by SOC Assumes current typical level holds into the future Education and training levels by SOC assumed unchanged from 2012 to 2022 The output for Oregon and US are similar for typical level About two-thirds of job openings are HS or less 20% Bachelor s or higher Competitive in Oregon 45% of job openings are HS or less 27% Bachelors or higher 16
Brenda Turner, Occupational Economist Workforce and Economic Research Oregon Employment Department Brenda.P.Turner@state.or.us 503-947-1233 Get the latest workforce and economic research news: OregonEmployment.Blogspot.com Twitter: @OrEmployment