Occupations by Educational Attainment and Classification

Transcription

1 Occupations by Educational Attainment and Classification September 2006 Southern Alleghenies Workforce Investment Board th Street Altoona, PA (814)

2 Acknowledgements: The Occupations by Educational Attainment and Classification: Southern Alleghenies Workforce Investment Area was prepared by the Central Pennsylvania Workforce Development Corporation (CPWDC) for the Southern Alleghenies (Pennsylvania) Workforce Investment Area (WIA). Employment estimates and projections and educational attainment levels are provided by Economic Modeling Specialists, Incorporated (EMSI). Classifications of professional, skilled, and unskilled occupations with corresponding employment estimates and projections are provided by the Center for Workforce Information and Analysis (CWIA). The analysis presented in this report was conducted by the CPWDC on behalf of the Southern Alleghenies WIA as part of the Research Partnership. Disclaimer: The Central Pennsylvania Workforce Development Corporation (CPWDC) cannot guarantee the accuracy of the employment estimates and projections provided by EMSI and CWIA, nor the respective educational attainment levels and occupational classifications. Educational attainment levels represent the most common level of education acquired by workers in each occupation. Classifications of occupations (i.e., professional, skilled, and unskilled) are based mainly on these educational requirements. This report merely identifies the most prevalent occupations in each level of education and occupational classification according to current estimates, future projections, and changes in the number of jobs within that time period in the Southern Alleghenies WIA. Introduction: The Occupations by Educational Attainment and Classification report identifies the most widespread occupations in the Southern Alleghenies WIA within each educational level. This report also identifies the most common professional, skilled, and unskilled occupations. Education levels, which are provided by Economic Modeling Specialists, Incorporated (EMSI), are determined by the average requirements necessary for each occupation based on all workers in the occupation. Some jobs require degrees and others require on-the-job training. Of course, not all workers in an occupation will have earned the same level of education (i.e., bachelor s degree, master s degree, et cetera) or received the same amount of training (i.e., short-term, long-term, et cetera). Furthermore, while the Center for Workforce Information and Analysis (CWIA) determined its classification of occupations using each occupation s respective educational attainment level, several exceptions were selected individually by CWIA s discretion for placement into varying categories (e.g., all jobs requiring bachelor s degrees were classified as professional, except recreation workers who were classified as skilled). September 2006 Page 2

3 Educational Levels: A total of 11 educational levels are identified by EMSI for all occupations in the Southern Alleghenies WIA, including: (descriptions provided by America s Career InfoNet) o o o o o o o o o o o Short-term on-the-job training (a brief demonstration of job duties or up to one month of paid on-the-job experience or instruction) Moderate-term on-the-job training (one to twelve months of combined paid onthe-job experience and informal training) Long-term on-the-job training (instruction for more than one year while employed in an occupation) Work experience in a related field Postsecondary vocational award (vocational/occupation-based school training above and beyond the high school level and passing an examination) Associate s degree Bachelor s degree Degree plus work experience (bachelor s degree or higher) Master s degree First professional degree Doctoral degree Due to the limited number of occupations that require first professional or doctoral degrees, these two educational levels are combined. Therefore, a total of 10 different educational levels will be examined to determine the most prevalent occupations. The following chart identifies the proportion of jobs in the Southern Alleghenies WIA that demonstrate each educational requirement level based on 2005 employment estimates: (Note: These values are based on the number of individuals in each occupation) 37.04% Percent of Total Employment by Educational Level (2005) Southern Alleghenies WIA 19.62% 8.64% 7.85% 6.43% 4.00% 9.61% 4.15% 1.62% 1.04% Short-term Moderate-term Long-term Related Work Experience Postsecondary Vocational Award Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Degree Plus Work Experience Master's Degree First Professional / Doctoral Degree September 2006 Page 3

4 As of 2005, approximately sixty-five percent (65%) of all jobs in the Southern Alleghenies WIA require some sort of on-the-job training, with a majority being only short-term. This indicates that a large portion of jobs do not necessarily require any type of postsecondary education. However, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment may work in those jobs, earn higher wages, or have opportunities for advancement. Focusing on 2- and 4-year college programs, associate s and bachelor s degrees are common in only fourteen percent (14%) of all jobs. Comparisons can be made between what types of jobs are offered in the Southern Alleghenies WIA in terms of education levels (see the Percent of Total Employment by Education Level chart) and the levels of education that individuals living in the area have earned. Educational attainment levels, which are provided by DemographicsNow based on U.S. Census data, identify the population of individuals in the region over the age of 24 who have earned associate s degrees, bachelor s degrees, graduate or first professional degrees, and other levels of education (including less than 9 th grade, 9 th to 12 th grade no diploma, high school graduates, and some college but no degree). The following chart demonstrates the percent of individuals over the age of 24 in the Southern Alleghenies WIA who have achieved each educational attainment level as of 2005: Educational Attainment of Residents (2005) Southern Alleghenies WIA Associate's Degree 6% Bachelor's Degree 9% Graduate or Professional School Degree 4% Other 81% Source: DemographicsNow, based on U.S. Census Data It is important to note that this chart considers the entire population over the age of 24. It does not distinguish between those involved in the labor force and those not actively seeking employment. In the Southern Alleghenies WIA, eighty-one percent (81%) of all individuals over the age of 24 have achieved an education level of less than a postsecondary degree as of It appears that based solely on these September 2006 Page 4

5 numbers, there is a gap between educational attainment and job demand. However, it is unclear as to whether the degrees earned are in subject areas that relate to job demand. This is evident by the fact that six percent (6%) of the 25+ population has earned an associate s degree, but only about four percent (4%) of all jobs need this degree. Furthermore, of the 25+ population, four percent (4%) has earned a graduate or professional school degree, but only three percent (3%) of all jobs in the Southern Alleghenies WIA require a master s degree or first professional/doctoral degree. Some of the differences in educational attainment levels of the 25+ population and the educational requirements of jobs are accounted for by the four percent (4%) of jobs that require a degree plus work experience. It is important to note that nine percent (9%) of the 25+ population has earned a bachelor s degree, but ten percent (10%) of jobs demand this education level. The assertion that there may be a significant number of individuals who have achieved a higher level of education than what is typically required for the job in which they are employed suggests that there may be a pool of individuals in the Southern Alleghenies WIA who are underemployed. These are workers who possess the skills, experience, and/or education necessary to justify higher wage rates. Underemployment can be defined as the employment of high skill workers in jobs that do not require those skills and/or a low market demand for higher level skills. Of course, as described in the introduction, not all employees in a specific occupation have earned the same degree or possess the same skill sets. The determination of the educational requirement for each job is based on the average level achieved by all workers in each occupation. The following chart identifies the average annual wage for all workers in each educational level as of 2005 in the Southern Alleghenies WIA: (Note: These values do not include benefits) Average Annual Wage by Educational Level (2005) Southern Alleghenies WIA $36,955 $29,062 $29,418 $13,033 $17,826 $18,515 $21,406 $17,022 $24,651 $23,787 Short-term Moderate-term Long-term Related Work Experience Postsecondary Vocational Award Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Degree Plus Work Experience Master's Degree First Professional / Doctoral Degree September 2006 Page 5

6 Clearly, varying levels of education impact the wages earned by employees in the Southern Alleghenies WIA. There is a direct relationship between these two variables, where a higher level of education demonstrates a higher average annual wage. The average annual wage for a job requiring a two-year associate s degree is about fiftyseven percent (57%) higher than a job that demands long-term on-the-job training (i.e., over a year of training). Furthermore, occupations that necessitate long-term training receive about forty-two percent (42%) more in earnings than positions that only need short-term training (i.e., a month or less of training). Interestingly, occupations that require bachelor s degrees or master s degrees demonstrate lower average annual wages than those that require associate s degrees. Jobs requiring associate s degrees are typically high skilled and therefore may offer relatively higher wages. Conversely, lower wages may result from the abundance of entry level jobs available in the region for individuals possessing bachelor s or master s degrees, thus causing the average wages for these types of jobs to be relatively lower. It is expected, however, for wages to increase as workers remain in the same occupation over an extended period of time, especially jobs that demand bachelor s or master s degrees because there may be more opportunities for career advancement. The following chart illustrates the percent change in employment for all occupations in each educational level in the Southern Alleghenies WIA from 2002 to 2005: Percent Employment Change by Educational Level ( ) Southern Alleghenies WIA 6.57% 4.54% 4.50% 3.29% 2.92% 0.66% 0.45% 1.34% 0.64% -2.53% Short-term Moderate-term Long-term Related Work Experience Postsecondary Vocational Award Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Degree Plus Work Experience Master's Degree First Professional / Doctoral Degree This chart suggests that the importance of post-secondary education has risen in the Southern Alleghenies WIA, especially for new jobs. Between 2002 and 2005, there was approximately a five percent (5%) increase in jobs that require an associate s or bachelor s degree, and seven percent (7%) for those needing master s degrees. Jobs September 2006 Page 6

7 that typically need moderate-term training, however, decreased over the same time period. Overall, employment increased by approximately 2,000 jobs (or about 1%). The largest net increases in employment were present for occupations that typically require short-term on-the-job training, postsecondary vocational awards, and bachelor s degrees. Together, these three (3) types of jobs accounted for almost 2,000 job creations in this time period. Conversely, jobs calling for moderate--term on-the-job training experienced a reduction of over 1,100 jobs. The following chart identifies the projected percent change in employment for all jobs within each educational attainment level from 2005 to 2015 in the Southern Alleghenies WIA: Projected Percent Employment Change by Educational Level ( ) Southern Alleghenies WIA 29.89% 13.39% 9.98% 9.06% 14.90% 16.39% 19.98% 17.68% 15.39% 12.03% Short-term Moderate-term Long-term Related Work Experience Postsecondary Vocational Award Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Degree Plus Work Experience Master's Degree First Professional / Doctoral Degree Jobs in all education levels are expected to increase in the next decade in the Southern Alleghenies Region. The greatest percent increases are evident in those that require associate s degrees (20%) and master s degrees (30%), which together may account for 3,000 new openings. This further emphasizes the importance of post-secondary education. Nevertheless, projections do suggest the significance of on-the-job training programs to the local economy. Over 17,000 new employment opportunities (over 56% of all increases in employment) will require some form of on-the-job training (i.e., shortterm, moderate-term, or long-term). Occupational Classifications: The Center for Workforce Information and Analysis (CWIA) classifies all occupations into three distinct categories: professional, skilled, and unskilled. It is important to note that these classifications do not directly correspond with the educational levels described September 2006 Page 7

8 previously in this report. Occupations can be grouped by educational level or occupational classification. However, classifying jobs as professional, skilled, or unskilled is based largely on the average educational requirements for each occupation. According to the Center for Workforce Information and Analysis, all occupations requiring doctoral degrees, first professional degrees, master s degrees, and degrees plus work experience and a majority of those requiring bachelor s degrees were classified as professional. Most jobs demanding all other educational attainment levels (i.e., short-term on-the-job training, moderate-term on-the-job training, long-term on-thejob training, postsecondary vocational awards, associate s degrees, and work experience in a related field) were classified as skilled. Exceptions, however, were present in each of these levels of education for skilled occupations. Most notably, about half of all jobs that entail short-term on-the-job training were classified as skilled, but the remainder were classified as unskilled, depending on the nature of the job. The following table identifies the proportion of employment in the Southern Alleghenies WIA by occupational classification based on 2002 employment estimates: (Note: CWIA differs from EMSI in that it provided employment estimates for 2002 rather than 2005-CWIA produces long-term occupational employment projections every two years covering a time period of ten years. This indicates that CWIA classified occupations using the employment projections that are currently available for 2002 to Updated employment projections, which will look at employment values from 2004 to 2014, were not yet available for the Southern Alleghenies WIA when CWIA performed its classification of occupations.) Percent of Total Employment by Occupational Classification (2002) Southern Alleghenies WIA Unskilled Workers 32% Professional Workers 20% Skilled Workers 48% Source: Center for Workforce Information and Analysis These values are based on the number of individuals in each occupation. This chart demonstrates that twenty percent (20%) of jobs in the Southern Alleghenies WIA are professional, while forty-eight percent (48%) are skilled, which reflects what has already been shown with occupations according to educational attainment levels. September 2006 Page 8

9 Because most jobs require on-the-job training, it is expected that most jobs will be classified as skilled. Typically, higher education levels equate to jobs that require higher skill sets (e.g., an individual with a doctoral degree will typically find employment in an occupation classified as professional). Certainly, education does not always correlate to specific occupations for obvious reasons. Results: The following tables identify the most common occupations in each education level as well as each occupational classification. As noted earlier, these are two unique ways of categorizing all jobs. For each educational attainment level, occupations are presented for those that demonstrate the highest overall number of jobs in 2005 and 2015 and for those which are projected to have the highest increase in jobs during this time period. Similarly, for the professional, skilled, and unskilled groupings, occupations are identified in each classification for those that have the greatest number of jobs in 2002 and 2012 and those that are projected to have the greatest increase over the time period. The difference in the base year and projected year is strictly a result of how EMSI and CWIA present their respective employment estimates and projections. September 2006 Page 9

10 Education Level: Short-term On-the-job Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from Retail salespersons Retail salespersons Retail salespersons Cashiers, except gaming Cashiers, except gaming Maids and housekeeping cleaners Office clerks, general Office clerks, general Child care workers Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food Waiters and waitresses Maids and housekeeping cleaners Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food Maids and housekeeping cleaners Waiters and waitresses Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers Home health aides Personal and home care aides Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand Truck drivers, light or delivery services Child care workers Child care workers Waiters and waitresses September 2006 Page 10

11 Education Level: Moderate-Term On-the-job Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from Truck drivers, heavy and Truck drivers, heavy and Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer tractor-trailer tractor-trailer Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks Maintenance and repair workers, general Customer service representatives Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks Customer service representatives Maintenance and repair workers, general Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products Team assemblers Team assemblers Executive secretaries and administrative assistants Construction laborers Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators Customer service representatives Maintenance and repair workers, general Social and human service assistants Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products Medical assistants Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks Construction laborers Construction laborers Executive secretaries and administrative assistants Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators Executive secretaries and administrative assistants Team assemblers September 2006 Page 11

12 Education Level: Long-term On-the-job Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from Farmers and ranchers Carpenters Carpenters Carpenters Farmers and ranchers Farmers and ranchers Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers Cooks, restaurant Police and sheriff's patrol officers Cooks, restaurant Electricians Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers Police and sheriff's patrol officers Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers Cooks, restaurant Electricians Bakers Machinists Machinists Industrial machinery mechanics Automotive body and related repairers Automotive body and related repairers Industrial machinery mechanics Police and sheriff's patrol officers Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Automotive body and related repairers Coaches and scouts Musicians and singers September 2006 Page 12

13 Education Level: Work Experience Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from retail sales workers office and administrative support workers retail sales workers office and administrative support workers Managers, all other Managers, all other construction trades and extraction workers production and operating workers food preparation and serving workers construction trades and extraction workers production and operating workers food preparation and serving workers nonretail sales workers Food service retail sales workers Food service construction trades and extraction workers Managers, all other food preparation and serving workers office and administrative support workers personal service workers mechanics, installers, and repairers Food service mechanics, installers, and repairers nonretail sales workers Real estate brokers Real estate brokers production and operating workers landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators September 2006 Page 13

14 Education Level: Post-secondary Vocational Award Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from Nursing aides, orderlies, and Nursing aides, orderlies, and Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants attendants attendants Automotive service technicians and mechanics Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists Emergency medical technicians and paramedics Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists Medical secretaries Automotive service technicians and mechanics Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists Emergency medical technicians and paramedics Preschool teachers, except special education Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists Preschool teachers, except special education Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses Automotive service technicians and mechanics Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors Preschool teachers, except special education Medical secretaries Real estate sales agents Real estate sales agents Real estate sales agents Medical transcriptionists Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors Medical secretaries September 2006 Page 14

15 Education Level: Associate's Degree Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from Registered nurses Registered nurses Registered nurses Biological technicians Computer support specialists Computer support specialists Radiologic technologists and Radiologic technologists and Medical records and health technicians technicians information technicians Medical and clinical laboratory Computer support specialists Biological technicians technicians Medical and clinical laboratory technicians Medical records and health information technicians Cardiovascular technologists and technicians Medical and clinical laboratory technicians Medical records and health information technicians Cardiovascular technologists and technicians Dental hygienists Dental hygienists Electrical and electronic engineering technicians Electrical and electronic engineering technicians Cardiovascular technologists and technicians Dental hygienists Physical therapist assistants Radiologic technologists and technicians Industrial engineering technicians Physical therapist assistants Physical therapist assistants Respiratory therapists September 2006 Page 15

16 Education Level: Bachelor's Degree Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from Elementary school teachers, Elementary school teachers, Elementary school teachers, except special education except special education except special education Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education Accountants and auditors Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education Insurance sales agents Accountants and auditors Accountants and auditors Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education Insurance sales agents Construction Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education Business operation specialists, all other Construction Construction Insurance sales agents Business operation Business operation Child, family, and school specialists, all other specialists, all other social workers Property, real estate, and Directors, religious activities Child, family, and school community association and education social workers Child, family, and school social workers Property, real estate, and community association Property, real estate, and community association Directors, religious activities and education Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other Social and community service September 2006 Page 16

17 Education Level: Degree plus Work Experience Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from General and operations General and operations General and operations Chief executives Chief executives Chief executives Farm, ranch, and other Farm, ranch, and other Farm, ranch, and other agricultural agricultural agricultural Financial Financial Financial Medical and health services Medical and health services Management analysts Administrative services Management analysts Management analysts Administrative services Administrative services Medical and health services Sales Sales Sales Education administrators, elementary and secondary school Education administrators, elementary and secondary school Computer and information systems Marketing Marketing Marketing September 2006 Page 17

18 Education Level: Master's Degree Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from Mental health counselors Mental health counselors Mental health counselors Mental health and substance Mental health and substance Mental health and substance abuse social workers abuse social workers abuse social workers Educational, vocational, and school counselors Educational, vocational, and school counselors Physical therapists Physical therapists Physical therapists Educational, vocational, and school counselors Librarians Librarians Occupational therapists Speech-language pathologists Occupational therapists Health educators Clergy Speech-language pathologists Marriage and family therapists Occupational therapists Clergy Speech-language pathologists Health educators Health educators Clergy Statisticians Statisticians Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors September 2006 Page 18

19 Education Level: First Professional/Doctoral Degree Number of Jobs in 2005 Number of Jobs in 2015 Increase in Jobs from Medical scientists, except Medical scientists, except Clinical, counseling, and epidemiologists epidemiologists school psychologists Lawyers Lawyers Medical scientists, except epidemiologists Pharmacists Pharmacists Pharmacists Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists Lawyers Dentists, general Dentists, general Computer and information scientists, research Veterinarians Veterinarians Dentists, general Optometrists Chiropractors Podiatrists Chiropractors Optometrists Chiropractors Computer and information scientists, research Computer and information scientists, research Veterinarians Podiatrists Podiatrists Audiologists September 2006 Page 19

20 Professional Jobs Number of Jobs in 2002 Number of Jobs in 2012 Increase in Jobs from Registered Nurses Registered Nurses Registered Nurses Elementary School Teachers Elementary School Teachers General & Operations Managers General & Operations General & Operations Child, Family & School Social Managers Managers Workers Secondary School Teachers Secondary School Teachers Business Operations Specialists, Other Farm, Ranch & Other Farm, Ranch & Other Counselors, Social & Agricultural Managers Agricultural Managers Religious Workers, Other Accountants & Auditors Accountants & Auditors Insurance Sales Agents Chief Executives Chief Executives Mental Health Counselors Financial Managers Financial Managers Preschool Teachers Business Operations Specialists, Other Counselors, Social & Religious Workers, Other Source: Center for Workforce Information and Analysis Business Operations Specialists, Other Counselors, Social & Religious Workers, Other Teachers & Instructors, Other Farm, Ranch & Other Agricultural Managers September 2006 Page 20

21 Skilled Jobs Number of Jobs in 2002 Number of Jobs in 2012 Increase in Jobs from Retail Salespersons Retail Salespersons Nursing Aides, Orderlies & Attendants Truck Drivers, Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Farmers & Ranchers Nursing Aides, Orderlies & Attendants Bookkeeping, Accounting & Auditing Clerks Supervisors - Retail Sales Workers Truck Drivers, Heavy & Tractor- Trailer Nursing Aides, Orderlies & Attendants Correctional Officers & Jailers Farmers & Ranchers Emergency Medical Technicians & Paramedics Truck Drivers, Heavy & Tractor- Trailer Correctional Officers & Jailers Medical Assistants Correctional Officers & Jailers Supervisors - Office & Administrative Support Workers Maintenance & Repair Workers, General Carpenters Source: Center for Workforce Information and Analysis Supervisors - Retail Sales Workers Bookkeeping, Accounting & Auditing Clerks Maintenance & Repair Workers, General Customer Service Representatives Social & Human Service Assistants Sales Representatives Carpenters Police & Sheriff's Patrol Officers Customer Service Representatives Carpenters September 2006 Page 21

22 Unskilled Jobs Number of Jobs in 2002 Number of Jobs in 2012 Increase in Jobs from Cashiers Cashiers Personal & Home Care Aides Office Clerks, General Office Clerks, General Home Health Aides Secretaries Janitors & Cleaners Child Care Workers Janitors & Cleaners Secretaries Waiters & Waitresses Laborers & Freight, Stock & Combined Food Preparation & Waiters & Waitresses Material Movers, Hand Serving Workers Waiters & Waitresses Farmworkers & Laborers: Crop, Nursery & Greenhouse Stock Clerks & Order Fillers Combined Food Preparation & Serving Workers Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services Source: Center for Workforce Information and Analysis Laborers & Freight, Stock & Material Movers, Hand Farmworkers & Laborers: Crop, Nursery & Greenhouse Combined Food Preparation & Serving Workers Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services Cashiers Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners Receptionists & Information Clerks Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services Stock Clerks & Order Fillers Food Preparation Workers September 2006 Page 22