DLR.de Chart 1 Space Cloud: From a Distributed On-board Computer to a Federated System-of Systems in Space Daniel Lüdtke, Volker Schaus, Andreas Gerndt German Aerospace Center (DLR) Simulation and Software Technology Software for Space Systems and Interactive Visualization Federated Satellite Systems Workshop 14 th Oct 2014
DLR.de Chart 2 Challenges in the area of data processing on-board spacecraft Missing On-board Computing Power Number of space-qualified processors and FPGAs is low Increasing requirements for more computing power in the areas: Optical Navigation Example: ATON Earth observations Example: Tandem-X / TerraSAR-X Robotics Explorative Swarm Redundancy Concepts Often Limited to Subsystems Each computing unit has usually its dedicated redundant counterpart Standby systems can not take over tasks of computers in other subsystems
DLR.de Chart 3 Autonomous Terrain-based Optical Navigation for Landers (ATON) Goal: Bring Optical navigation for autonomous landing on celestial bodies to TRL 4-6 Powered Descent Landing site Sensors IMU Star Tracker LIDAR Laser Al3meter Camera Descent Orbit References Digital Eleva3on Model (DEM) Crater Catalogue Naviga3on Solu3on At all 3mes Different sensors ac3ve
ATON continued Kratererkennung, ATON, DLR, RY- NR DLR.de Chart 4 SoJware Tasks Crater Detec;on Epipolar Geometry - - > Stereo Matching - - > 3D Matching Feature Tracking Landing Site Evalua;on Naviga;on Filter High demands on compu;ng power Parallel tasks (CPU, FPGA) Short execu;on ;me (~ 1 h) Images: DLR Institute for Space Systems
DLR.de Chart 5 Subsystem Centric Design vs. Distributed Architecture Limita;ons Architectures SoJware Real- ;me requirements Side effects Redundancy / High dead mass Goal: Distributed Architecture Remove the walls! Workload balancing Resource sharing Systems Thinking for On- board Computers
DLR.de Chart 6 DLR Research Activity On-Board Computer Next Generation (OBC-NG) Resource U;liza;on Using all available computing resources Redundancy Migration of applications across subsystems Reconfigura;on Software and hardware reconfiguration for different mission phases and error mitigation Cost reduction Evaluation of Commercial Off-The- Shelf (COTS) Equipment
DLR.de Chart 7 Reconfiguration Task Migration / Morphing processing unit 1 (CPU) APP5 processing unit 2 (CPU) Same architecture Migra;on Task moved to other PN APP3 processing unit 3 (FPGA) APP4 processing unit 4 Different architectures (FPGA) App. must be developed Morphing for all architectures APP2 (extra effort) APP1 Model-based approach!
DLR.de Chart 8 Reconfiguration Network Simulation
DLR.de Chart 9 Demonstrator using Optical Navigation Cam1 IN1 Cam2 IN2 Router PN
DLR.de Chart 10 How should the system reconfigure? Planned Switching mission phases Cruise - > Land - > Explore Ini;ated by ground control Mission ;meline Automa;c Error Mi;ga;on Ini;ated by Master ajer failure detec;on No adap;ve reconfigura;ons Precalculated decision graph to mi;gate node failures
DLR.de Chart 11 A Space Cloud?
DLR.de Chart 12 Earth Observation in 3D Synthe;c Aperture Radar (SAR) Digital Eleva;on Model of Earth 1 Sender / 2 Receivers Data Processing on the ground 1.5 Petabyte over 3 years
DLR.de Chart 13 Tandem-X continued: Laser Communication Terminal Between TerraSAR- X and NFIRE 5000 km 5.5 Gbit/s
DLR.de Chart 14 European Data Relay System (EDRS) Geosta;onary Relais Network On- board Alphasat / Sen;nel 45 000 km 1.8 Gbit/s High Precision Star Tracker Cheaper LEO Missions Service Architecture in Space
DLR.de Chart 15 Explorative Robotic Swarms Orbiter Main Lander Powerful Computer Runs Analy;c Applica;ons Rovers Explore Triggers experiments Orbiter Relais data to Earth Explorative Rovers
DLR.de Chart 16 Service Network in Space Growing Computa;onal Demands Reconfigura;on Explora;ve Swarm Federated Systems OBC-NG New Concepts for Onboard Architectures Distributed Architecture Resource Sharing Redundancy Most Recent Publica3on: OBC- NG: Towards a reconfigurable on- board compu3ng architecture for spacecran IEEE Aerospace Conference 2014 hhp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/ar;cledetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6836179
DLR.de Chart 17 Test- bed for new robo;c developments Challenging student teams
DLR.de Chart 18 Story Einstieg: Challenges 1. Beispiel: ATON (2) à high computational demands / totmasse In case of classical functional subsystem design OBC-NG Goals and Architecture Reconfiguration Animation Video (Omnet++, Netzwerksimulator) Same code as on the hardware Kamerabilder durchs Netz à Leistungsfähiges Netzwerk / hohe Datenrate, kein Sternnetz, no single-pointof-failure, SpaceWire / SpaceFibre The next logical step: Extension on physically distributed systems of systems: auf Cloud Folie Cloud TanDEM-X: Was gibt es schon! Formationsflug Datenrate zum Boden / processing of 1,5 Petabyte in 3 years on the ground! LCT demonstrator (2 Gbit/s in orbit LEO-GEO / 300 Mbit/s to the ground) Idea: OBC-NG has removed the split in subsystems Space Cloud removes split of system boundaries Krabbler example