Robotic Pre-Cursor Contribution to Human NEA Mission. H. Kuninaka JSPEC/JAXA
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1 Robotic Pre-Cursor Contribution to Human NEA Mission H. Kuninaka JSPEC/JAXA
2 Asteroid Explorer Hayabusa Dimensions 1.0m x 1.6m x 1.1m Weight : 380kg(Dry) Chemical Fuel 70kg Xe Propellant 60kg Total 510kg Electric Power : 2.6kW@Earth Communication : X band
3 Arrival at Asteroid on September 12, 2005
4 Results of Hayabusa Before After 4
5 Resolution Radar 100m Pre HAYABUSA Telescope AU (10 12 m) Post HAYABUSA Sample Return 1µm (10-6 m) Rendezvous 1m Improvement on 22 orders of magnitude Landing 1mm Atomic Analysis 1 (10-10 m)
6 Contribution to NEOs exploration Lessons Learned from Hayabusa Optical Navigation in Approach from Heliocentric Space OD ambiguity of 1! on July 29, 2005 Position Velocity R&RR 1,800km 72cm/s Optical 45km 6cm/s Image of Itokawa taken by STT
7 Contribution to NEOs exploration Lessons Learned from Hayabusa Landmark Navigation in Proximity Operation Relative Position Determination against Asteroid Terrain Contour Matching Guidance comparing Actual Image with CG Far Field Near Field <= Outline of Asteroid <= Geographical Features
8 Contribution to NEOs exploration Lessons Learned from Hayabusa Autolanding in Zero Gravity Field Descent Sequence Actual Images in Descent
9 Contribution to NEOs exploration Lessons Learned from Hayabusa Redundancy against malfunctions in long flight Spirit to accomplish space mission Beacon Communication Bypath circuit of Ion Engines
10 What is Hayabusa2? (Summary) Hayabusa2 is the follow-on mission of Hayabusa. It is the sample return mission from a C-type asteroid. (The target asteroid is 1999 JU3.) The mission objectives are science and engineering. Science : origin and evolution of the solar system, the origin of organic matters and water Engineering : more robust and reliable system for sample return mission, challenge for new technology On May 1, 2011, the status of project becomes officially Phase-B. Hayabusa2 project team has budget to develop the spacecraft from the fiscal year of PDR has almost finished now and CDR will be done at the end of Schedule: the launch: 2014 (2015 backup), asteroid arrival: 2018, asteroid departure: 2019, the earth return: 2020 International collaborations with Germany, USA, Australia, and other countries are currently (or will be) under discussions. 10
11 Primitive Body Exploration Program Considered in Japan Hayabusa Hayabusa-2 Post Hayabusa Hayabusa-Mk-II Itokawa 1999 JU3 Wilson-Harrington? D-type Asteroid? S-type C-type D-type Main Asteroid Belt 11
12 Target Asteroid : 1999 JU3 Rotation period: day (~7.6 h) Orbit Itokawa ) (331, 20), (73, -62) Kawakami Model Mueller Model Axis ratio = 1.3 : 1.1 : 1.0 Size : ± km Albedo : ± H=18.82 ± 0.021, G=0.110 ± Type : Cg Mars Earth Shape model by Kawakami 12
13 Mission Outline of Hayabusa-2 Launch July 2014 Mothership carries an impactor. New Experiment June 2018 : Arrival at 1999 JU3 Global observation of the asteroid, deployment of small rover/lander, multiple samplings Sample analysis Earth Return Dec Dec : Departure 2019 The impactor collides to the surface of the asteroid. Further exploration 13
14 Hayabusa-2 Mission Schedule year month Spacecraft IES operation (Back-up windows) Launch Earth Swing-by Arrival at 1999JU3 Science observation, Sampling Impactor Departure from 1999 JU3 Earth return IES operation 14
15 Hayabusa2 Spacecraft under consideration High gain antenna (Ka) High gain antenna (X) Solar array paddle Small lander MASCOT Reentry capsule Ion engine Small rover Sampler Impactor 15
16 Nominal Payloads for Science Payloads Specifications Multiband Imager (AMICA) Near IR Spectrometer (NIRS3) Thermal IR Imager (TIR) Laser Altimeter (LIDAR) Sampler Small Carry-on Impactor Small Rover (MINERVA-2) Small Rover (MASCOT) Wavelength: mm, FOV: 5.7 deg x 5.7 deg, Pixel Number: 1024 x 1024 px filter (ul, b, v, w, x, p) (Heritage of Hayabusa) Wavelength: mm, FOV: 0.1 deg x 0.1 deg (Heritage of Hayabusa, but 3mm range is new) Wavelength: 8 12 mm, FOV: 12 deg x 16 deg, Pixel Number: 320 x 240 px (Heritage of Akatsuki) Measurement Range: 50 m 50 km(heritage of Hayabusa) Minor modifications from Hayabusa-1 (Heritage of Hayabusa) Small, deployed system to form an artificial crater on the surface (New) Almost same as MINERVA of Hayabusa-1 (possible payload: Cameras, thermometers) (Heritage of Hayabusa) Supplied from DLR microomega, MAG, CAM, MARA 16
17 Possible International Collaborations Germany - DLR: JAXA: Carry a DLR's small lander MASCOT on board. DLR : Tracking support (Ka, X band), Support of small gravity experiment both : science collaboration USA NASA, OSIRIS REx: JAXA-NASA: Similar collaboration like Hayabusa1 (Tracking support, Sample, Science, etc.) Australia: Similar collaboration like Hayabusa1 (Capsule recovery, Science, etc.) Other countries: 17
18 Summary Hayabusa and Hayabusa2 will contribute to Human NEA Mission Optical Navigation in approch to asteroid from heliocentric space Landmark Navigation in proximity operation around asteroid Autolanding in zero gravity field Redundancy against malfunctions in long flight Spirit to accomplish space mission Information and Knowledge on C-type asteroid Robotic Pre-Cursor will contribute to Human NEA Mission Technology Demonstration in advance On-the-spot Investigation on target asteroid 18
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