Greater Mekong Sub-region Power Trade and Interconnection, Mongolia Grid Interconnection Perspectives Shigeru Yamamura( 山 村 繁 ), Energy Specialist, East Asia Department, Asian Development Bank
GMS Power Trade and Interconnection
Energy Cooperation in GMS Launched in 1992 Covering Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myammer, Thailand, Viet Nam, and Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, PRC. GMS energy cooperation covers comprehensive energy agenda on RE, EE, regional energy planning, oil and gas, coal, and power trade and interconnection, which would lead to $200 billion economic and environmental benefit.
Energy cooperation in the GMS
Primary energy resource and electricity demand in GMS Unevenly distributed primary energy potential: 229 GW hydro,1.2 billion m3 of NG, 0.82 billion m3 of oil, and 28.0 billion tons of coal. Energy surplus (Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam) and deficit (Cambodia, Thailand, and the PRC). Peak power demand will reach 277 GW by 2025 from 83 GW in 2010. Thailand, Viet Nam, and PRC would account for 96% of total GMS peak power demand in 2030.
Early cooperation for GMS energy The initial activities in 1990 s include: regional policy development, project preparation, information sharing, familiarization with the national power system of the GMS countries. The sub-regional Energy Sector Study in 1994 and Electric Power Forum (EPF) establishment in 1995. The EPF is institutional framework on GMS energy to discuss and coordinate sub-regional power sector development.
Regional GMS Power Trade 1 Experts Group on Power Interconnection and Trade (EPG) in 1998 The Regional Indicative Master Plan on Power Interconnection in 2002 Policy Statement on Regional Power Trade (as Inter-Governmental Agreement) in the GMS adopted in 2002 Regional Power Trade Coordination Committee (RPTCC) in 2004 is to oversee preparation of a draft guidelines to establish GMS regional power market.
Regional GMS Power Trade 2 The first MOU on the Guidelines for the implementation of Stage 1 in 2005. Stage 1: Bilateral power transactions. Stage 2: Partial regional transmission network and trade among any pair of GMS countries but limited based on available capacity of lines linked to PPA. Stage 3: Third party other than utilities is allowed to begin trading. Stage 4: Regional competitive market involving multi-buyer and seller within GMS.
Interconnection fro cross boarder power dispatch in GMS Lao PDR-Thailand: Theun Hinboun HPP to Skhonnakhou 230 kv, 176 km (1998), Houayho to Udon 2, 230 kv, 230 km (1999), and Nam Theun 2 HPP to Roi Et 2 substation, 500 kv, 304 km (2009) Myanmar to Yunnan, PRC: Shewli 1 HPP to Dehong, 220 kv, 176 km (2008), and Dapein 1 HPP to Dehong 500 kv, 120 km (2011) Viet Nam to Cambodia: Chau Doc to Phnom Penh, 220/230 kv, 111km (2009) Yunnan PRC to Viet Nam: Xinqiao to Lao Cai, 220 kv, 56km (2006), and Maguan to Ha Giang, 220 kv, 51km (2007)
GMS Power Trade (GWh) Imports Exports Total Trade Net imports Cambodia 1,546-1,546 1,546 Lao PDR 1,265 6,944 8,210 (5,679) Myanmar - 1,720 1,720 (1,720) Thailand 6,938 1,427 8,366 5,511 Viet Nam 5,599 1,318 6,917 4,281 PRC 1,720 5,659 7,379 (3,939) Total 17,069 17,069 34,139 -
Mongolian Grid Interconnection Potential
Primary energy source in Mongolia
Primary energy source in Mongolia Abundant primary energy sources. 165 billion tons of coal resources, 49,300 ton of uranium, 6.2 GW of hydropower, and wind and solar resource potential. Mongolian energy system is rather small with 800 MW installed capacity which is forecasted to grow sharply by 3,000 MW to support mineral development led growth. But it still has huge potential to supply secondary energy to neighboring countries.
Current Mongolian Grid System 800 km 3,000km
Interconnection with Russia 220 kv line interconnected with Russia Siberia grid for peaking power supply. Currently around 20% of electricity demand covered by import from Russia. The Mongolian government is eager to reduce power imports from Russia (energy independence) though intends to export electricity to the PRC and to Russia.
Interconnection with the PRC Currently 110 kv lines in place to supply electricity from PRC northern grid to Oyu Tolgoi (South Gobi) copper and gold mine. Mongolia signed MOU with the State Grid in 2005 to develop 3,600 MW of coal fired power plant in Shivee Ovoo, and interconnected transmission line (500 kv lines) to directly supply electricity to the northern grid to the PRC.
Possible Mongolia Grid System
Potential interconnection in North and East Asian countries
Cross Boarder cooperation in power sector The presence of functional institutional framework with solid political commitment across member countries. The presence of inter-regional energy master plan including primary resource assessment, long term electricity demand forecast, capacity expansion plan, transmission expansion and interconnection, grid code, and common market design.
Thank you. For further questions, syamamura@adb.org