REVIEW ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL

REVIEW ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL Asmita 1, Kamlsh 2, Usha 3 1, 2, 3 Computr Scinc & Enginring Dpartmnt, M.D.U, (Inia) ABSTRACT This papr prsnts th stuy of various softwar procss mols.. In this papr a stuy of various paprs is on, an in th rviw papr softwar procss mol is xplain. Th stuy in this papr show th comparision btwn th iffrnt procss mol an propos mol. In this comparativ analysis is also xplain on th basis of rquirmnt, planning, sign an implmntation. Kywors: Dsign, Framwork, Implmntation, Rquirmnt, Spcification. I. INTRODUCTION Th Softwar Procss Mol (SPM) framwork in't mrg until th 1960s. Accoring to Elliott (2004) th systms Procss lif cycl (SDLC) can b consir to b th olst formaliz mol framwork for builing information systms. Th main ia of th SDLC has bn to pursu th procss of information systms in a vry librat, structur an mthoical way [9]. Th main targt of this mol framwork in th 1960s was to vlop larg scal functional businss systms. This short history intifis 32 major classs of softwar mthos that hav mrg ovr th last 50 yars. Thr ar many variations of ach major class of softwar mtho, which rnrs th numbr of softwar mthos in th hunrs. Thr ar fiv major ra of Softwar Procss Mol: 1. Mainfram Era[1960-1970] 2. Mirang Era[1970-1980] 3. Microcomputr Era[1980-1990] 4. Intrnt Era[1990-2000] 5. Prsonaliz Era[2000-Till Now] It is foun that vry softwar procss mols hav own strngths an waknss. Hnc issus rlat to softwar procss mols ar not rsolv. Th various mrging softwar procss mol that mt th rquirmnt of organization but os not focus on how to al th rror an incint that ar notic in running of softwar projct by th softwar nginr in th form of risk, plan an quality. A grat amount of rsarch, tim an mony hav bn vot to improving thir xisting rawbacks of softwar procss mols. Royc has start a nw classical softwar mol that is call now watrfall mol chart. Chart provis th information about making th projct an that is vry ifficult thing bcaus it inclu complx nginring task that rquir itration, rwork bfor compltion. Ths classical mols inclu som vrsion an subst of th activitis systm initiation/planning, rquirmnt analyzing an spcification, functional spcification an prototyping, partition, slction, architctural sign an configuration managmnt, implmntation, bugging, intgration, tsting an livry [24]. 68 P a g

In sction II w xplain th various phass of softwar procss mol. In Sction III w xplain th iffrnt aspct of softwar Procss mol an rviw to iscuss th propos mol.in Sction IV w ha on th stuy of framwork of softwar procss mol. To gt comparison of softwar procss procss mol w ha xtract th ata for comparativ analysis of various softwar procss mol on th basis of rquirmnt,planning,implmntation an sign. II. PHASES OF SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL Softwar Procss mol scribs th phass of softwar cycl an th orr in which thos phass ar xcut.each Phas proucs livrabls rquir by nxt phas in lif cycl. 2.1 Rquirmnt Analysis This is bas on th rquirmnt of projct managr in th businss nvironmnt.this can b analys for thir valiity an possibility of incorporating th rquirmnt in th systm to b procss. In this phas ocumntation is on for th nxt phas. 2.2 Dsign In this phas sign of softwar is prpar from th rquirmnt phas.dsign phas hlps in fining th ovrall architctur of systm.systm sign act as input for th nxt phas. 2.3 Implmntation/Coing Aftr signing th work can b ivi into iffrnt moul an coing is start.this phas is th longst phas in procss mol. 2.4 Tsting Aftr coing phas tsting is on against th rquirmnt to mak sur that th prouct is actually solving ns. Aftr succssful tsting th prouct is livr / ploy to th customr for thir us. Onc whn th customrs starts using th vlop systm thn th actual problms coms up an ns to b solv from tim to tim. This procss whr th car is takn for th vlop prouct is known as maintnanc III BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL 3.1 Watrfall Mol Th Watrfall Mol was first Procss Mol to b introuc Winston Royc in 1970. It is also rfrr to as a linar-squntial lif cycl mol. It is vry simpl to unrstan an us. In a watrfall mol, ach phas must b complt fully bfor th nxt phas can bgin. If any rror is occurr in currnt an prvious phas thn vlopr hav to b corrct it immiatly that las to lss chanc of rror with final prouct. But it is highly impractical for frquntly chang rquirmnts [10]. At th n of ach phas, a rviw taks plac to 69 P a g

trmin if th projct is on th right path an whthr or not to continu or iscar th projct[23]. In watrfall mol phass o not ovrlap. 3.2 V Shap Mol V- Mol mans Vrification an Valiation mol. Just lik th watrfall mol, th V-Shap lif cycl is a squntial path of xcution of procsss. Th focus on prparing tst plans in V-Shap mol to gt a highr chanc for succss. But implmntation in this mol is vry ifficult [14]. Each phas must b complt bfor th nxt phas bgins [25]. Tsting of th prouct is plann in paralll with a corrsponing phas of vlopmnt. 3.3 Prototyp Mol Th basic ia hr is that insta of frzing th rquirmnts bfor a sign or coing can proc, a throwaway prototyp is built to unrstan th rquirmnts. This prototyp is vlop bas on th currntly known rquirmnts. By using this prototyp, th clint can gt an actual fl of th systm, sinc th intractions with prototyp can nabl th clint to bttr unrstan th rquirmnts of th sir systm. It is suitabl for usr intrfac prototyping, workflow simulation, workloa simulation, tchnology comparisons situation [16].. Prototyping is an attractiv ia for complicat an larg systms for which thr is no manual procssor xisting systm to hlp trmining th rquirmnts [3]. 3.4 Incrmntal Mol In incrmntal mol th whol rquirmnt is ivi into various buils. Multipl procss cycls tak plac hr, making th lif cycl a multi-watrfall cycl. Cycls ar ivi up into smallr, mor asily manag mouls [6]. Th Incrmntal mol gnrats a working prototyp arly in th vlopmnt procss [28]. Each moul passs through th rquirmnts, sign, implmntation an tsting phass 3.5 Itrativ Mol An itrativ lif cycl mol os not attmpt to start with a full spcification of rquirmnts. Insta, procss bgins by spcifying an implmnting just part of th softwar, which can thn b rviw in orr to intify furthr rquirmnts [30]. This procss is thn rpat, proucing a nw vrsion of th softwar for ach cycl of th mol. 3.6 Spiral Mol Th Spiral lif cycl mol is similar to th Incrmntal mol. This spiral mol is vlop by Bohm in 1988. It is ivi into four phass: planning, risk analysis, nginring, an valuation. A projct passs through ach of ths phass in squnc, rpatly, in a sris of itrations call spirals. At th bginning rquirmnts ar intifi for th first spiral. Spirals a functionality to this baslin spiral [4].. Softwar is co an tst uring th nginring phas. During th valuation phas, th customr has an opportunity to valuat th output bfor th projct procs to th nxt spiral [17] 3.7 Rapi Application Dvlopmnt Rapi Application Dvlopmnt (RAD) is an incrmntal softwar procss mol which is a high-sp aaptation of th linar squntial mol in which rapi procss is achiv by using componnt-bas construction [1]. RAD mol has th ability to captur usr rquirmnt ffctivly [2]. 70 P a g

3.8 Agil Mol Agil systm procss lif cycl mol has vlop as a part of raction in mi of 1990. This softwar will manag th problm of havy wight, micro managmnt of any projct. Finally Agil has vlop in 2001, call by lightwight mtho. Agil contain mtho lik scrum, crystal clanr [5]. Agil us iffrnt mtho for iffrnt typ of projct but thy can shar common charactristic among th projct. In Agil SDLC, rquirmnt spcification can chang frquntly bcaus thy will unrstan by th customr an softwar vlopr. It is foun that cost of this mol is vry high [11]. As th mting of customr with softwar vlopr, this will la to highr chanc of succss [12]. Dvlopr can control ovr th cost, if h acquir only n rquirmnt thn cost can b covr by vlopr. This mol is vry ifficult to implmnt but with low risk involvmnts. 3.9 Extrm Programming (XP) Mol XP, originally scrib by Knt Bck, has mrg as on of th most popular an controvrsial agil mthoologis. XP is a isciplin approach to livring high-quality softwar quickly an continuously. It promots high customr involvmnt, rapi fback loops, continuous tsting, continuous planning, an clos tamwork to livr working softwar at vry frqunt intrvals, typically vry 1-3 wks [8]. It is suitabl for small, mium typ of projct an vlopmnt tam focus on final prouct. But it is foun that u to propr ocumntation it is ifficult to hanl th larg projcts [13]. 3.10 Rational Unifi Procss (RUP) Mol. It is foun that RUP mol is not suitabl for small projcts [1]. IBM Rational Mtho Composr allows you to asily customiz RUP to mt th uniqu ns of your projct. It nabls you to slct an ploy only th procss componnts you n, an thn publish it through your intrant [22]. IV. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL Thr is various softwar procss mols wily accpt an mploy for vloping softwar. Softwar procss mol giv a thortical gui lin rgaring vlopmnt of th softwar. Employing propr softwar procss mol allows th managrs to rgulat whol vlopmnt stratgy of th softwar. Each softwar procss mol has its avantags an isavantags making it suitabl for us unr spcific conition an constraints for spcifi typ of softwar only. Thrfor it is n to unrstan which softwar procss mol woul gnrat most succssful rsult whn mploy for softwar vlopmnt. For this w n som attributs to compar softwar procss mol [7]. Tabl: Comparison of Softwar Procss Mols Phass Faturs Softwar Procss Mols Watrfall V Shap RUP Prototyp Itrativ Incrmn tal Spiral Agil RAD XP Rquirm nt Analysis Rquirmn t Spcificatio n Unrstani ng Rquirmn t Bginning Bginning Bginnin g Wll unrstoo Easily unrstoo Difficult to unrstan Frquntl y chang Not wll unrstoo frquntly chang Wll unrstoo Bginnin g Wll unrstoo Bginning Wll unrstoo Frquntl y chang Wll unrstoo Tim box rlas Easily unrsto o Frquntly chang Somtim ifficult 71 P a g

Changs in rquirmnt Not possibl Possibl Somtim possibl Possibl Possibl Possibl Not possibl Possibl Possibl Not possibl Usr Only at At th At th High Initial phas High High High Only at Initial involvmnt bginning bginning bginning bginnin phass & last g phass Planning Cost Low Expnsiv Expnsiv High High Low Expnsiv Vry high Low Expnsiv Rsourcs Ys Ys ys No Ys Ys Ys No Ys No control Cost control Ys Ys Ys No Ys No Ys Ys Ys No Exprtis High Mium Ys Mium Ys High high Vry high Mium Ys staff Chang Difficult Difficult Easy Easy Difficult Easy Easy Difficult Easy Difficult Incorporat Dsign Simplicity Simpl Intrmia t Simpl & clar Simpl Intrmiat Intrmi at Intrmiat Complx Vry simpl intrmia t Ovrlapping No such No Ys Ys No Ys Ys Ys No Ys Phass phass Flxibility Rigi Littl Consira Highly Flxibl Lss flxibl Highly High Lss flxibl bl flxibl Documntat Vital Ys Ys Wak Wak Ys ys Ys Limit Ys ion & training Implmnt ation Maintiainc phas Tim rquir Risk analysis Risk involvmnt Emphasis Guarant of succss Maintnanc Long Acc to Short Short Acc to org. Vry long Long Last Short Short projct possibl At th Ys Ys No Ys Ys Ys Ys Low Big bginning chanc of risk High Low Crucial Low Varis Easily Low Ruc Vry Varis risk in manag low arly phass Rquirm Planning Accurat sign Documntat rquirm Documntat Rquirm Tchnic Pair nt & & Dsign ocumnt ion nt ion nt & al skill programmi Dsign ation sign ng Low High Not Goo Not High high Vry high Goo Goo guarant guarant Last Last Promot Routin Easily Promot Typical Promot Easily Easily maintaina maintna bility nc Rusability Limit To som xtnt Support rusabilit y Intrfac Minimal Minimal Usr intrfac Wk Crucial Componnt rus Usr involvmnt Ys Ys Us cas rus Crucial Crucial Mol rivn Som xtnt Minimal Som xtnt minimum V. FRAMEWORK OF SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL Thr ar many systm procss mthoologis lik watrfall, spiral mol bas on iffrnt typ of framwork such as linar, itrativ an combination of both [15]. 5.1 Linar Framwork Projct is ivi into many phas lik analysis, sign, coing, tsting btwn th phass is pass from on phas to anothr phas. an ploymnt. Communication 72 P a g

5.2 Itrativ Framwork It scribs a situation in which a squnc of instructions can b xcut multipl tims. On pass through th squnc is call itration. 5.3 Combin Framwork It inclus th proprty of both framworks that is call combin framwork. V.1Framwork of Softwar Procss Mol Sr No Softwar Mol Framwork 1 Watrfall [1970] Linar framwork 2 V Shap [1971] Linar framwork 3 Prototyping [1980] An Itrativ framwork 4 Incrmntal [1985] A Combin linar itrativ framwork 5 Itrativ[1984] An Itrativ framwork 6 Spiral [1988] A Combin linar itrativ framwork 7 Rapi Application Dvlopmnt [1991] An Itrativ framwork 8 Agil [1990] A Combin linar itrativ framwork 10 Extrm programming[1999] A Combin linar itrativ framwork 11 Rational Unifi Procss[2003] A Combin linar itrativ framwork VI. CONCLUSION In this rviw papr w hav stuy th various rsarch paprs.from th stuy of various procss mol it is foun that watrfall mol is asy to manag u to its rigiity as ach phas provi spcific livrabls an rviw procss.v shap mol work wll than watrfall mol u to vlopmnt of tst plans.rup mol is abl to rsolv th projct associat with risk.lss tim is rquir for intgration.prototyp mol uss mor usr involvmnt.spiral mol is goo for larg projcts.each softwar mol has its iniviual aspct. VII. FUTURE SCOPE Th Abov Stuy can b xtn in iffrnt ways.this can b on to tst th propos mol for larg numbr of projct rgaring rquirmnt chang.w can also prform comparison btwn xisting mol an propos mol to improv th quality an customr Satisfaction accoring to thir ns. VIII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT My xprss thanks an gratitu to all th partmnts prsonals an sponsors who giv m a opportunity to prsnt an xprss my papr on this lvl. I wish to plac on my rcor my p sns of gratitu to all rfrnc paprs authors for thm valuabl hlp through thir paprs, books, wbsits tc. 73 P a g

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